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Length Contraction
Length contraction is the phenomenon that a moving object's length is measured to be shorter than its proper length, which is the length as measured in the object's own rest frame. It is also known as Lorentz contraction or Lorentz–FitzGerald contraction (after Hendrik Lorentz and George Francis FitzGerald) and is usually only noticeable at a substantial fraction of the speed of light. Length contraction is only in the direction in which the body is travelling. For standard objects, this effect is negligible at everyday speeds, and can be ignored for all regular purposes, only becoming significant as the object approaches the speed of light relative to the observer. History Length contraction was postulated by George Francis FitzGerald, George FitzGerald (1889) and Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1892) to explain the negative outcome of the Michelson–Morley experiment and to rescue the hypothesis of the stationary aether (Lorentz ether theory#Length contraction, Lorentz–FitzGerald ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relativistic Wheels
Relativity may refer to: Physics * Galilean relativity, Galileo's conception of relativity * Numerical relativity, a subfield of computational physics that aims to establish numerical solutions to Einstein's field equations in general relativity * Principle of relativity, used in Einstein's theories and derived from Galileo's principle * Theory of relativity, a general treatment that refers to both special relativity and general relativity ** General relativity, Albert Einstein's theory of gravitation ** Special relativity, a theory formulated by Albert Einstein, Henri Poincaré, and Hendrik Lorentz ** ''Relativity: The Special and the General Theory'', a 1920 book by Albert Einstein Social sciences * Linguistic relativity * Cultural relativity * Moral relativity Arts and entertainment Music * Relativity Music Group, a Universal subsidiary record label for releasing film soundtracks * Relativity Records, an American record label * Relativity (band), a Scots-Irish traditional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (14 March 187918 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is best known for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula , which arises from special relativity, has been called "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for . Born in the German Empire, Einstein moved to Switzerland in 1895, forsaking his German citizenship (as a subject of the Kingdom of Württemberg) the following year. In 1897, at the age of seventeen, he enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss ETH Zurich, federal polytechnic school in Zurich, graduating in 1900. He acquired Swiss citizenship a year later, which he kept for the rest of his life, and afterwards secured a permanent position at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. In 1905, he submitted a successful PhD dissertation to the University of Zurich. In 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zero Of A Function
In mathematics, a zero (also sometimes called a root) of a real-, complex-, or generally vector-valued function f, is a member x of the domain of f such that f(x) ''vanishes'' at x; that is, the function f attains the value of 0 at x, or equivalently, x is a solution to the equation f(x) = 0. A "zero" of a function is thus an input value that produces an output of 0. A root of a polynomial is a zero of the corresponding polynomial function. The fundamental theorem of algebra shows that any non-zero polynomial has a number of roots at most equal to its degree, and that the number of roots and the degree are equal when one considers the complex roots (or more generally, the roots in an algebraically closed extension) counted with their multiplicities. For example, the polynomial f of degree two, defined by f(x)=x^2-5x+6=(x-2)(x-3) has the two roots (or zeros) that are 2 and 3. f(2)=2^2-5\times 2+6= 0\textf(3)=3^2-5\times 3+6=0. If the function maps real numbers to real n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Einstein Synchronization
Einstein synchronisation (or Poincaré–Einstein synchronisation) is a convention for synchronising clocks at different places by means of signal exchanges. This synchronisation method was used by telegraphers in the middle 19th century, but was popularized by Henri Poincaré and Albert Einstein, who applied it to light signals and recognized its fundamental role in relativity theory. Its principal value is for clocks within a single inertial frame. Einstein According to Albert Einstein's prescription from 1905, a light signal is sent at time \tau_1 from clock 1 to clock 2 and immediately back, e.g. by means of a mirror. Its arrival time back at clock 1 is \tau_2. This synchronisation convention sets clock 2 so that the time \tau_3 of signal reflection is defined to be \tau_3 = \tau_1 + \tfrac(\tau_2 - \tau_1) = \tfrac(\tau_1 + \tau_2). The same synchronisation is achieved by transporting a third clock from clock 1 to clock 2 "slowly" (that is, considering the limit as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inertial Frame Of Reference
In classical physics and special relativity, an inertial frame of reference (also called an inertial space or a Galilean reference frame) is a frame of reference in which objects exhibit inertia: they remain at rest or in uniform motion relative to the frame until acted upon by external forces. In such a frame, the laws of nature can be observed without the need to correct for acceleration. All frames of reference with zero acceleration are in a state of constant rectilinear motion (straight-line motion) with respect to one another. In such a frame, an object with zero net force acting on it, is perceived to move with a constant velocity, or, equivalently, Newton's laws of motion#Newton's first law, Newton's first law of motion holds. Such frames are known as inertial. Some physicists, like Isaac Newton, originally thought that one of these frames was absolute — the one approximated by the fixed stars. However, this is not required for the definition, and it is now known that t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observer In Special Relativity
An observer is one who engages in observation or in watching an experiment. Observer may also refer to: Fiction * ''Observer'' (novel), a 2023 science fiction novel by Robert Lanza and Nancy Kress * ''Observer'' (video game), a cyberpunk horror video game * Observer (''Mystery Science Theater 3000''), a fictional television character * Observers, beings in the television show ''Fringe'' Music * "Observer", a song by Gary Numan on his album '' The Pleasure Principle'' * "The Observer", a track from The Flaming Lips' 1999 album '' The Soft Bulletin'' * The Observers, an alternative name for reggae session band Soul Syndicate Publications * ''The Observer'', a UK Sunday newspaper & magazine * ''The Observer'' (other), multiple publications including newspapers, magazines & fiction * ''The APS Observer'', a member magazine of the Association for Psychological Science (APS) Science and technology * Observer (general relativity) * Observer (quantum physics) * Observe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrell Rotation
Terrell rotation or the Terrell effect is the visual distortion that a passing object would appear to undergo, according to the special theory of relativity, if it were travelling at a significant fraction of the speed of light. This behaviour was first discussed by Austrian physicist in 1924, and further developed independently by both Roger Penrose and James Terrell in 1959. Due to an early dispute about priority and correct attribution, the effect is also sometimes referred to as the Penrose–Terrell effect, the Terrell–Penrose effect or the Lampa–Terrell–Penrose effect. History In 1924 by Anton Lampa discussed the effect for the first time for a moving rod, but this result was overlooked until its rediscovery by Penrose and Terrell. Roger Penrose's article on the effect was submitted 29 July 1958 and published in January 1959. James Terrell's article was submitted 22 June 1959 and published 15 November 1959. Penrose specifically developed the case of a sphere. Ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roger Penrose
Sir Roger Penrose (born 8 August 1931) is an English mathematician, mathematical physicist, Philosophy of science, philosopher of science and Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Laureate in Physics. He is Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics in the University of Oxford, an emeritus fellow of Wadham College, Oxford, and an honorary fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, and University College London. Penrose has contributed to the mathematical physics of general relativity and physical cosmology, cosmology. He has received several prizes and awards, including the 1988 Wolf Prize in Physics, which he shared with Stephen Hawking for the Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems, and the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity". He won the Royal Society Prizes for Science Books, Royal Society Science Books Prize for ''The Emperor's New Mind'' (1989), which outlines his views on physics and con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Terrell (physicist)
Nelson James Terrell (August 15, 1923–March 21, 2009) was an US physicist and scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory. James Terrell worked in relativity and astrophysics. The Terrell rotation, an image distortion of objects travelling near the speed of light, is named after him. Life Nelson James Terrell Jr. was born in Houston, Texas in 1923. James Terrell did his undergraduate studies Rice University. In 1945, he married Anne Elizabeth Pearson. Together, they had a daughter. From 1945 to 1947, the army sent Terrell to Japan. When he came back, he finished his PhD at Rice University in 1950. He worked on nuclear fission and the theory of relativity. He worked as assistant professor at Western Reserve University, and later joined Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1951. Terrell was member of the International Astronomical Union. He died in Los Alamos, New Mexico in 2009. Research In 1957 he started publishing works on length contraction. He discovered that th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mr Tompkins In Wonderland
Mr Tompkins is the title character in a series of four popular science books by the physicist George Gamow, which were published from 1940. The books are structured as a series of dreams in which Mr Tompkins enters alternative worlds where the physical constants have radically different values from those they have in the real world. Gamow aims to use these changes to explain modern scientific theories. Mr Tompkins' adventures begin when he chooses to spend the afternoon of a bank holiday attending a lecture on the theory of relativity. The lecture proves less comprehensible than he had hoped. He drifts off to sleep and enters a dream world in which the speed of light is a mere . This becomes apparent to him as passing cyclists are subject to a noticeable Lorentz–FitzGerald contraction. Mr Tompkins becomes acquainted with the professor delivering the lectures and ultimately marries the professor's daughter, Maud. Later chapters in the books deal with atomic structure (Mr To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Gamow
George Gamow (sometimes Gammoff; born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov; ; 4 March 1904 – 19 August 1968) was a Soviet and American polymath, theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He was an early advocate and developer of Georges Lemaître's Big Bang theory. Gamow discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay by quantum tunneling, invented the liquid drop model (the first mathematical model of the atomic nucleus), worked on radioactive decay, star formation, stellar nucleosynthesis, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (which he collectively called nucleocosmogenesis), and predicted the existence of the cosmic microwave background radiation and molecular genetics. Gamow was a key figure in the development and understanding of quantum tunneling. In his middle and late career, Gamow directed much of his attention to teaching and wrote popular books on science, including '' One Two Three... Infinity'' and the '' Mr Tompkins'' series of books (1939–1967). Some of his books remain in print ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
