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Le Trait D'Union
Trait d'Union () was an organized caucus in the French Socialist Party. Trait d'Union was founded in August 2005 by supporters of Jean-Luc Mélenchon within the New World caucus. Soon afterward, the faction supported Laurent Fabius' motion at the Le Mans Congress and at the Reims Congress in 2008, it supported Benoît Hamon. The faction wanted to serve as a ''trait d'union'' (hyphen) between the PS and the "other left" (notably the French Communist Party. It clearly supported alliances with the left, but rejected any alliance with the centrist MoDem The Democratic Movement (, ; MoDem ) is a centre to centre-right political party in France, whose main ideological trends are liberalism and Christian democracy, and that is characterised by a strong pro-Europeanist stance. MoDem was establis .... The faction disappeared de facto after Mélenchon and Marc Dolez left the PS to form the Left Party. External linksOfficial site Factions of the Socialist Party (France) Political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucus
A caucus is a group or meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement. The exact definition varies between different countries and political cultures. The term originated in the United States, where it can refer to a meeting of members of a political party to nominate candidates, plan policy, etc., in the United States Congress, or other similar representative organs of government. It has spread to certain Commonwealth countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa, where it generally refers to a regular meeting of all members of Parliament (MPs) who belong to a parliamentary party: a party caucus may have the ability to elect or dismiss the party's parliamentary leader. The term was used historically in the United Kingdom to refer to the Liberal Party's internal system of management and control. Etymology The word ''caucus'' came into use in the British colonies of North America to describe clubs or private meetings at wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Party (France)
The Socialist Party ( , PS) is a Centre-left politics, centre-left to Left-wing politics, left-wing List of political parties in France, political party in France. It holds Social democracy, social democratic and Pro-Europeanism, pro-European views. The PS was for decades the largest party of the "French Left" and used to be one of the two major political parties under the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic, along with the Rally for the Republic in the late 20th century, and with the Union for a Popular Movement in the early 2000s. It is currently led by First Secretary Olivier Faure. The PS is a member of the Party of European Socialists, Progressive Alliance and Socialist International. The PS was founded in 1969 from a merger of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), the Convention of Republican Institutions led by François Mitterrand, and other groups. In the 1970s, the PS surpassed the French Communist Party, Communist Party's share of the left-wing vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Jean-Luc Antoine Pierre Mélenchon (; born 19 August 1951) is a French politician who has been the ''de facto'' leader of La France Insoumise (LFI) since it was established in 2016. He was the Deputy (France), deputy in the National Assembly (France), National Assembly for the Bouches-du-Rhône's 4th constituency, 4th constituency of Bouches-du-Rhône from 2017 to 2022 and led the La France Insoumise group in the National Assembly from 2017 to 2021. Mélenchon was previously elected as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) in 2009 and reelected in 2014. He has run for President of France three times, in 2012 French presidential election, 2012, 2017 French presidential election, 2017 and 2022 French presidential election, 2022. In 2022, he came within 1.2 percentage points of reaching the second round in France's two-round voting system. After joining the Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party (PS) in 1976, Mélenchon was successively elected a Municipal council (France), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New World (France)
New World () was an organized caucus in the French Socialist Party. New World was founded in 2002 following the implosion of the Socialist Left. Socialist Left members, including Jean-Luc Mélenchon were joined by followers of Henri Emmanuelli and his Democracy and Equality movement. The Militant Forces faction led by Marc Dolez never joined New World, but remained close to the faction throughout its existence. At the 2003 Dijon Congress, the New World motion obtained 16.33%. However, by 2004 the faction split into a rivalry between Henri Emmanuelli and Jean-Luc Mélenchon, the latter accusing the former of campaigning against his own party. The faction re-united briefly to lead the NO campaign to the 2005 French European Constitution referendum within the PS, but following the victory of the YES in the Socialist Party's internal referendum, the faction split for good between Henri Emmanuelli, who led a NO campaign within the PS and Jean-Luc Mélenchon who led a NO campaign wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurent Fabius
Laurent Fabius (; born 20 August 1946) is a French politician. A member of the Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party, he previously served as Prime Minister of France from 17 July 1984 to 20 March 1986. Fabius was 37 years old when he was appointed and is, after Gabriel Attal, the second youngest prime minister of the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic. Fabius was also List of Presidents of the National Assembly of France, President of the National Assembly from 1988 to 1992 and again from 1997 to 2000. Fabius served in the government as Minister of the Economy, Finances and Industry (France), Minister of Finance from 2000 to 2002 and Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development (France), Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2016. He was also president of the Constitutional Council (France), Constitutional Council from 2016 to 2025. Early life Fabius was born in the affluent 16th arrondissement of Paris, the son of Louise (''née'' Strasburger-Mortimer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Mans Congress
The Le Mans Congress was the twenty-first national congress of the French Socialist Party (''Parti socialiste'' or PS). It took place from November 18 to 20, 2005. The objective of the Congress was to solve internal divisions created by the French referendum on the European Constitution and designate a new leadership at all levels. Motions Five motions were presented to be voted upon by members: *For a liberal socialism: Truth and Action (''Pour un socialisme libéral : vérité et action''): Social liberal current led by Jean-Marie Bockel, PS mayor of Mulhouse. *Rally the Left (''Rassembler à gauche''): Left-wing motion led Laurent Fabius, and supported by Jean-Luc Mélenchon and Marie-Noëlle Lienemann. This was the first time since the 1990 Rennes Congress that Fabius led a motion. *Socialists, for success on the left: Will, Truth, Unity (''Socialistes, pour réussir à gauche : Volonté - Vérité - Unité''): Majority motion led by François Hollande, supported by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reims Congress
The Reims Congress was the twenty-second national congress of the French Socialist Party (''Parti socialiste'' or PS), taking place from 14 to 16 November 2008 in the city of Reims in the Marne. Incumbent First Secretary François Hollande announced that he would not run again, opening the way for a three-way battle between 2007 presidential candidate, Ségolène Royal; Bertrand Delanoë, Mayor of Paris; and Martine Aubry, mayor of Lille. Each candidate endorsed motions that would be voted upon by the eligible voters as a determinant for the endorsement of each candidate. Motions Six motions were presented to be voted upon by members: *Clarity, courage, creativity (''Clarté, courage, créativité''): Led by Bertrand Delanoë and supported by François Hollande, Jean-Marc Ayrault, Michel Rocard, Lionel Jospin, and Élisabeth Guigou. *For a staunchly ecologist Socialist Party (''Pour un Parti Socialiste résolument écologique''): Eco-socialist motion. *A World in Front, Reb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benoît Hamon
Benoît Hamon (; born 26 June 1967) is a French politician known for his former role within the Socialist Party (PS) and Party of European Socialists (PES) and his political party Génération.s. Hamon joined the Socialist Party in 1988 and by 1993 became the leader of the Young Socialist Movement, serving until 1995. In 2004, Hamon was elected MEP for East of France and during his time as MEP he ran for leadership of the Socialist Party, losing in the first round of the Reims Congress and endorsing the Eurosceptic option in the 2005 European Constitution referendum. In 2012, Hamon was elected to the National Assembly in Yveline's 11th constituency, though he resigned after being appointed as junior minister for the Social Economy at the Ministry of the Economy, Finance, and External Trade by President François Hollande. Hamon was then appointed Minister of National Education in Manuel Valls' new government. He was removed from this position alongside Economy Minist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyphen
The hyphen is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. The hyphen is sometimes confused with dashes (en dash , em dash and others), which are wider, or with the minus sign , which is also wider and usually drawn a little higher to match the crossbar in the plus sign . As an Orthography, orthographic concept, the hyphen is a single entity. In character encoding for use with computers, it is represented in Unicode by any of several character (computing), characters. These include the dual-use hyphen-minus, the soft hyphen, the #Nonbreaking hyphens, nonbreaking hyphen, and an unambiguous form known familiarly as the "Unicode hyphen", shown at the top of the infobox on this page. The character most often used to represent a hyphen (and the one produced by the key on a keyboard) is called the "hyphen-minus" by Unicode, deriving from the original ASCII standard, where it was called "hyphen(minus)". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Communist Party
The French Communist Party (, , PCF) is a Communism, communist list of political parties in France, party in France. The PCF is a member of the Party of the European Left, and its Member of the European Parliament, MEPs sit with The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL group. The PCF was founded in 1920 by Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist members of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) who supported the Bolsheviks in the 1917 Russian Revolution. It became a member of the Communist International, and followed a Marxist-Leninist line under the leadership of Maurice Thorez. In response to the threat of fascism, the PCF joined the socialist Popular Front (France), Popular Front which won the 1936 election, but it did not participate in government. During World War II, it was outlawed by the occupying Germans and became a key element of the French Resistance, Resistance. The PCF participated in the provisional government of the Liberation of France, Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Movement (France)
The Democratic Movement (, ; MoDem ) is a centre to centre-right political party in France, whose main ideological trends are liberalism and Christian democracy, and that is characterised by a strong pro-Europeanist stance. MoDem was established by François Bayrou to succeed the Union for French Democracy (UDF) and contest the 2007 legislative election, after his strong showing in the 2007 presidential election. Initially named the Democratic Party (''Parti démocrate''), the party was renamed "Democratic Movement", because there was already a small Democratic Party in France. MoDem secured an agreement with La République En Marche! (LRM) — later Renaissance (RE) — in the 2017 legislative election after Bayrou had endorsed the candidacy of Emmanuel Macron in February. The two parties have since been in alliance, as of late named Ensemble. The party's founder and leader Bayrou has served as Prime Minister of France since December 2024. History Background MoDem t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
