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Larbi Ben M'Hidi
Mohammed Larbi Ben M'hidi (; 1923 – 4 March 1957), commonly known as Si Larbi, was an Algerian revolutionary and prominent figure during the Algerian War of Independence. He is one of the six founding members of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) that launched an armed revolt throughout Algeria against French colonial rule and issued a proclamation calling for a sovereign Algerian state. Ben M'hidi initially commanded Wilaya V (the military district in the Oran region) and played an important role at the FLN's Soummam conference in August 1956. He headed FLN operations during the Battle of Algiers where he was the last member of the FLN's Comité de Coordination et d'Exécution (CCE; Committee of Coordination and Implementation). Ben M'hidi was a strong believer in that the revolution should be directed by "internal" rather than "external" revolutionaries. He was captured by French paratroopers in February 1957. His death was announced in March 1957 by Pierre Gor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aïn M'lila
Aïn M'lila (, ''Ayn Malīlah''; which means "the white source", the root ''m-l-l'' being of Berber origin) is a town and Communes of Algeria, commune in Oum El Bouaghi Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 65,371. It is the home-town of Larbi Ben M'hidi, one of the most prominent Algerian leaders during the war of independence. It is the home of football club AS Ain M'lila that currently play in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 (first division). Localities of the commune The commune is composed of 24 Locality (settlement), localities: History The first people known to have settled in the region are the Zemouls. They were the oldest and most formidable cavalry which was established in Aïn M'lila on the road between Constantine, Algeria, Constantine and Batna City, Batna during the Ottoman Empire ruling. The Zemouls were a war like tribe whose chief military and administrative bore the title of zemala caid. On an order of the Bey, they woul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algerian War Of Independence
The Algerian War (also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence) ''; '' (and sometimes in Algeria as the ''War of 1 November'') was an armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (Algeria), National Liberation Front (FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. * * * * * * An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and war crimes. The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities. The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France. Effectively started by members of the FLN on 1 November 1954, during the ("Red All Saints' Day"), the conflict led to serious political crises in France, causing the fall of the Fourth French Republic, Fourth Republic (1946–58), to be replaced by the Fifth French Republic, Fifth Republic with a strengthened pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Certificat D'études Primaires
The certificat d'études primaires (CEP) was a diploma awarded at the end of elementary primary education in France (from 11 to 13 years inclusive until 1936) and certifying that the student had acquired basic skills in writing, reading, mathematics, history, geography and applied sciences. It was officially discontinued in 1989. The official name of the CEP was "Certificat d'études primaires élémentaires" (CEPE); it was colloquially known as the "certificat d'études" or "certif'". History The certificat d'études primaires was created by a circulaire on August 20, 1866, under the influence of Victor Duruy. On 1882, it was instituted by the Loi Jules Ferry on March 28, 1882, which also established Compulsory education, mandatory primary education for children from 6 to 13 years old. See also Primary School Leaving Examination {{DEFAULTSORT:Certificat d'etudes primaires Education in France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batna City
Batna () is the main city and communes of Algeria, commune of Batna Province, Algeria. With a population of 290,645 (2008 census) it is the fifth largest city in Algeria. It is also one of the principal cities of the Chaoui area and is considered the capital of Aurès. History Batna was inhabited by Chaoui people, Chaoui tribes and there were previous settlements in the area but they were in ruins by the 18th century. The first solid foundations (a military encampment) of the city were erected by a French garrison in 1844, with a strategic mission to create a permanently guarded access point for the main Sahara road. Batna's geographical location offers a natural break through the Atlas Mountains. The ancient cities of Timgad and Lambese, built around the first century CE, are living examples of the importance that the Romans gave to commercial control over the region. Signature and proclamation of the Algerian revolution Batna The inhabitants of the city revolted against th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious School
A religious school is a school that either has a religious component in its operations or its curriculum, or exists primarily for the purpose of teaching aspects of a particular religion. For children A 2002 study in the United States found higher academic performance in children attending religious schools than those attending secular institutions, including when controlling for socioeconomic status. A school can either be of two types, though the same word is used for both in some areas: Religious teaching Institutions solely or largely for teaching a particular religion, often outside regular school * Cheder (Jewish) * Hebrew school (Jewish) *Madrasa (Muslim) *Sunday school (Christian) * Talmud Torah (Jewish) General education Institutions providing general education but run by a religious group, or in some way giving extra weight to a particular religion * Bais Yaakov (Jewish girls school) *Cathedral school (Christian) * Catholic school * Chabad (Jewish) *Christian school ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafiz (Quran)
In Islam, a Hafiz (; , pl. ''ḥuffāẓ'' , f. ''ḥāfiẓa'' ) is a person who has memorized the Quran. Hafiza is the female equivalent. A hafiz is highly respected by the community. A hafiz or hafiza are given titles such as "Hafiz Sahb" (Sir Hafiz), "Ustadh" (أُسْتَاذ) (Teacher), and occasionally Sheikh (شَيْخ). Quran The Quran consists of 114 Surah (chapters), 6,666 or 6,236 verses (a topic of scholarly disagreement), and about 77,797 words in the original Classical Arabic. Importance ''Hifz'' means memorization of the Quran. Hufaz names the Muslim belief that whoever memorizes the Quran and acts upon it will be rewarded and honoured by Allah. Abdullah ibn Amr narrated that the Messenger of Allah said: "It shall be meaning to the one who memorized the 'Recite, and rise up, recite (melodiously) as you would recite in the world. Indeed your rank shall be at the last Āyah you recited" (Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2914) This memorization has been important t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quran
The Quran, also Romanization, romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a Waḥy, revelation directly from God in Islam, God (''Allah, Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which consist of individual verses ('). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic, Arabic language. It is the object of a modern field of academic research known as Quranic studies. Muslims believe the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Islamic Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad through the Angel#Islam, angel Gabriel#Islam, Gabriel incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on the Night of Power, Laylat al-Qadr, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important Islamic view of miracles, miracle, a proof of his prophet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine (département)
Constantine Department was a French ''département'' in Algeria during the colonial period, which existed between 1848 and 1974. The area of the former department, centered on the city of Constantine, is also referred to as Constantinois ( ''Qusanṭīnah''). History Constantinois was part of the Roman province of Africa which also included areas to the east (what is today Tunisia and Tripolitania estern Libya. In the Middle Ages">Libya">estern_Libya<_a>.html" ;"title="Libya.html" ;"title="estern Libya">estern Libya">Libya.html" ;"title="estern Libya">estern Libya. In the Middle Ages, it was part of Arab Ifriqiya which was largely coterminous with the Roman province. Under Ottoman rule, Constantinois was attached to the Regency of Algiers and ruled by a bey appointed by the dey of Algiers. The last bey, Ahmed Bey, who ruled from 1826 to 1848, led the local population in a fierce resistance to the French occupation forcesHenache, Delila"Algerian director Ali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ain M'lila
Ain (, ; ) is a French department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, Eastern France. Named after the Ain river, it is bordered by the Saône and Rhône rivers. Ain is located on the country's eastern edge, on the Swiss border, where it neighbours the cantons of Geneva and Vaud. In 2019, it had a population of 652,432.Populations légales 2019: 01 Ain INSEE Ain is composed of four geographically different areas (, , and [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouled Derradj (tribe)
The Ouled Derradj are more of a mosaic of factions than a tribe, and have little cohesion. It is difficult to see among the Ouled Derradj, what is the original core of the tribe. The Ouled Hariz of Selalha, are Latifs, Athbedj of origin of the Banu Hilal. The Mtarfa include Mortafe who are Ahtbedj cited by Ibn Khaldoun. The legendary stories attribute to Sidi Othman el Derradji, the paternity of the Ouled Derradj and it is not impossible that a marabout having gathered the factions bequeathed them his name. It seems that the active element seems to have formed around Hilalians of the Athbedj branch. After El Derradji, other marabouts from Saguia el-Hamra arrived: in the 15th and 17th centuries. The Athbedj and marabouts were joined by other groups: nomads from the South (including Ouled Naïl), Zibbans and Tell or Hodna. The entire mountainous area that surrounds Hodna to the North and North-East provided a large number of migrants: Ouled Maadid, Righa and Kabyles: the Bratikiya a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marabout
In the Muslim world, the marabout () is a Sayyid, descendant of Muhammad (Arabic: سـيّد, Romanization of Arabic, romanized: ''sayyid'' and ''sidi'' in the Maghreb) and a Islam, Muslim religious leader and teacher who historically had the function of a chaplain serving as a part of an Islam and war, Islamic army, notably in North Africa and the Sahara region, in West Africa, and historically in the Maghreb. The marabout is often a scholar of the Quran, or religious teacher. Others may be wandering Asceticism#Islam, holy men who survive on Zakat, alms or as spiritual directors of Muslim religious communities, often as ''Murshid, muršid'' ("guide") of Tariqa, Sufi orders. The term "marabout" is also used for the mausolea of such religious leaders (cf. ''Maqam (shrine), maqām'', ''Mazar (mausoleum), mazār'', in Palestine (region), Palestine also ''Wali, walī/velī''). West Africa Muslim religious teachers Muslim Tariqa, Sufi brotherhoods were one of the main organizing f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmanuel Macron
Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron (; born 21 December 1977) is a French politician who has served as President of France and Co-Prince of Andorra since 2017. He was Ministry of Economy and Finance (France), Minister of Economics, Industry and Digital Affairs under President François Hollande between 2014 and 2016. He has been a member of Renaissance (French political party), Renaissance since he founded it in 2016. Born in Amiens, Macron studied philosophy at Paris Nanterre University. He completed a master's degree in public affairs at Sciences Po and graduated from the in 2004. He worked as a senior civil servant at the Inspection générale des finances, Inspectorate General of Finances and investment banker at Rothschild & Co. Appointed Élysée Palace, Élysée deputy secretary-general by President Hollande after 2012 French presidential election, the 2012 election, Macron was a senior adviser to Hollande. Appointed Economics Minister in 2014, in the second Valls g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
