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Land Reclamation In The Netherlands
Land reclamation in the Netherlands has a long history. As early as in the 14th century, the first reclaimed land had been settled. Much of the modern land reclamation has been done as a part of the Zuiderzee Works since 1919. Land reclamation in the 20th century added an additional to the country's land area. It is estimated that about 65% of the country would be under water at high tide if it were not for the existence and the country's use of dikes, dunes and pumps. 26% of the Netherlands by area, and 21% by population, is located below the mean sea level. History and origins of land reclamation in the Netherlands The Netherlands has a coastline that is constantly changing with erosion caused by wind and water. The Dutch people inhabiting the region had at first built primitive dikes to protect their settlements from the sea. In the northern parts of the Netherlands sea levels fell exposing new land at a rate of 5–10 meters per year between 500 BC and 500 AD. This natur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count William II Grants The Charter To The Water Board Of Rhineland, By Caesar Van Everdingen And Pieter Jansz Post
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1992. p. 73. . Especially in earlier medieval periods the term often implied not only a certain status, but also that the ''count'' had specific responsibilities or offices. The etymologically related English term "county" denoted the territories associated with some countships, but not all. The title of ''count'' is typically not used in England or English-speaking countries, and the term ''earl'' is used instead. A female holder of the title is still referred to as a ''countess'', however. Origin of the term The word ''count'' came into English from the French ', itself from Latin '—in its accusative form ''comitem''. It meant "companion" or "attendant", and as a title it indicated that someone was delegated to re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brian Treanor
Brian Treanor is the current Casassa Chair in Social Values, Professor of Philosophy in the Bellarmine College of Liberal Arts and the academic director of the Academy of Catholic Thought & Imagination at Loyola Marymount University. He received his Ph.D. from Boston College where he studied with Richard Kearney and Jacques Taminiaux. Early life Brian Treanor was born in California. He completed his undergraduate degree in political science at University of California, Los Angeles and attended both California State University, Long Beach and Boston College for his graduate work. Research Treanor's research is in the area of philosophical hermeneutics, with significant focus on environmental philosophy, philosophy of religion, and ethics. He is the author or editor of six books: * ''Carnal Hermeneutics'', co-edited with Richard Kearney (New York: Fordham University Press, 2015, ) * ''Being in Creation: Human Responsibility in an Endangered World'', co-edited with Bruce Bens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flevopolder
The Flevopolder is an island polder forming the bulk of Flevoland, a province of the Netherlands. Created by land reclamation, its northeastern part was drained in 1955 and the remainder—the southwest—in 1968. Unlike other major polders, it is surrounded by lakes and below-sea-level channels. By some definitions, it is the world's largest artificial island. Levees, dikes, and pumping were used to drain the land. The polder's name references the ancient Lake Flevo. The Flevopolder, along with the Noordoostpolder, forms the Flevoland province, which is located near Amsterdam in the southwest and Kampen, Overijssel in the northeast. Boundaries Unlike other major polders, such as Noordoostpolder and Wieringermeer, the Flevopolder is surrounded by bordering lakes or below-sea-level channels. These are the IJsselmeer, the Veluwemeer, Ketelmeer, and Gooimeer. By some definitions, it is the largest artificial island in the world. History Reclamation of its land Levees and d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noordoostpolder
Noordoostpolder (; ) is a polder and Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Flevoland province in the central Netherlands. Formerly, it was also called ''Urk, Urker Land''. Emmeloord is the administrative center, located in the heart of the Noordoostpolder. For history, see Zuiderzee Works#Polders, Zuiderzee Works. Population centres The population centres are Bant, Creil (Netherlands), Creil, Emmeloord, Ens (Netherlands), Ens, Espel, Kraggenburg, Luttelgeest, Marknesse, Nagele, Rutten (Netherlands), Rutten, and Tollebeek. The former island of Schokland is now a museum. The town and former island of Urk, in the southwest, now surrounded by the Noordoostpolder, is a separate municipality. Topography ''Dutch topographic map of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, June 2015'' Rail links There are no railway stations in the Noordoostpolder, but the nearest stations are in Kampen railway station, Kampen, Steenwijk railway station, Steenwijk and Lelystad Centrum r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wieringermeerpolder
Wieringermeer () is a polder and former Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Since 2012 Wieringermeer has been a part of the new municipality of Hollands Kroon. Population centres The former municipality of Wieringermeer consisted of the following small towns and villages: Kreileroord, Middenmeer, Slootdorp, Wieringerwerf. History Around the year 1000 AD, this area was land. However, several storms after 1100 turned it into a flood plain. Wieringmeer means "Wieringen Lake", the name of an inland lake that filled the area in the early Middle Ages, medieval period. The Wieringmeerpolder is a polder, newly created land, and part of the Zuiderzee Works developed in the 20th century. Originally the polder was planned after the completion of the Afsluitdijk, but a severe lack of agricultural land meant construction was accelerated, starting in 1927. The dikes had to be strong enough to withstand the force of the Zui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haarlemmermeerpolder
Haarlemmermeer () is a List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the west of the Netherlands, in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of North Holland. Haarlemmermeer is a polder, consisting of land reclaimed from water. The name Haarlemmermeer means 'Haarlem's lake', referring to the body of water from which the region was reclaimed in the 19th century. Haarlemmermeer's main town is Hoofddorp, which has a population of 76,660. Hoofddorp, along with the rapidly growing towns of Nieuw-Vennep and Badhoevedorp, are part of the Randstad agglomeration. The main international airport of the Netherlands, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, Schiphol, is located in Haarlemmermeer. History The original Haarlemmermeer lake is said to have been mostly a peat bog, a relic of a northern arm of the Rhine which passed through the district in Ancient Rome, Roman times. In 1531, the original Haarlemmermeer had an area of , and near it were three smaller lakes: the Leidsche Meer (Leid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schermer
Schermer () is a former municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. The name comes from "''skir mere''", which means "bright lake". Since 2015 it has been a part of the municipality of Alkmaar. The municipality of Schermer included not only the Schermer polder, but also the polders of Oterleek, Mijzenpolder and Eilandspolder. History Around 800 AD, the area that was the municipality of Schermer was covered in peat Peat is an accumulation of partially Decomposition, decayed vegetation or organic matter. It is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, Moorland, moors, or muskegs. ''Sphagnum'' moss, also called peat moss, is one of the most ..., and a small river called the Schermer flowed through it. Because of peat-digging and storm floods, this small river had by 1250 developed into an inland lake with an open connection with the Zuyderzee. In the 17th century private investors started draining the largest part of the lake, leavin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beemster
Beemster () is a former Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. The Beemster is the first polder in the Netherlands land reclamation, reclaimed from a lake, the water extracted by windmills between 1609 and 1612. The original well-ordered landscape of fields, roads, canals, and dykes has been preserved intact. A grid of canals parallels the grid of roads in the Beemster. The larger feeder canals are offset by approximately one kilometer from the larger roads. Beemster merged into the existing municipality of Purmerend on 1 January 2022. Population centres The former municipality of Beemster contained the following small towns and villages: History Around 800 AD the area of the modern municipality of Beemster was covered in peat. The name "Beemster" was derived from "Bamestra", the name of a small river in the area. In the period 1150–1250 peat-digging and storm floods enlarged that small river into an inland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Risk
In simple terms, risk is the possibility of something bad happening. Risk involves uncertainty about the effects/implications of an activity with respect to something that humans value (such as health, well-being, wealth, property or the environment), often focusing on negative, undesirable consequences. Many different definitions have been proposed. One ISO standard, international standard definition of risk is the "effect of uncertainty on objectives". The understanding of risk, the methods of assessment and management, the descriptions of risk and even the definitions of risk differ in different practice areas (business, economics, Environmental science, environment, finance, information technology, health, insurance, safety, security, security, privacy, etc). This article provides links to more detailed articles on these areas. The international standard for risk management, ISO 31000, provides principles and general guidelines on managing risks faced by organizations. Defi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sea Flood Of 1953
The 1953 North Sea flood () was a major flood caused by a heavy storm surge that struck the Netherlands, north-west Belgium, England and Scotland. Most sea defences facing the surge were overwhelmed, resulting in extensive flooding. The storm and flooding occurred during the night of Saturday, 31 January to the morning of 1 February 1953. A combination of a high spring tide and a severe European windstorm caused a storm tide of the North Sea. The combination of wind, high tide, and low pressure caused the sea to flood land up to above mean sea level. Realising that such infrequent events could reoccur, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom carried out large studies on strengthening of coastal defences. The Netherlands developed the Delta Works, an extensive system of dams and storm surge barriers. The UK constructed storm surge barriers on the Thames Estuary and on the Hull where it meets the Humber Estuary. Flooding summary At the time of the flood, 20% of the lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polder Model
The polder model () is a method of consensus decision-making, based on the Dutch version of consensus-based economic and social policymaking in the 1980s and 1990s.Ewoud Sanders, ''Woorden met een verhaal'' (Amsterdam / Rotterdam, 2004), 104–06. It gets its name from the Dutch word (''polder'') for tracts of land enclosed by dikes. The polder model has been described as "a pragmatic recognition of pluriformity" and "cooperation despite differences". It is thought that the Dutch politician Ina Brouwer was the first to use the term ''poldermodel'', in her 1990 article "" ("Socialism as Polder Model?"), although it is uncertain whether she coined the term or simply seems to have been the first to write it down. Socioeconomic polder model The Dutch polder model is characterised by the tripartist cooperation between employers' organisations such as VNO-NCW, labour unions such as the Federation Dutch Labour Movement, and the government. These talks are embodied in the Social-Economi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Way (centrism)
The Third Way is a predominantly centrist political position that attempts to reconcile centre-right and centre-left politics by advocating a varying synthesis of right-wing economic and left-wing social policies. The Third Way is a reconceptualization of social democracy. It supports workfare instead of welfare, work training programs, educational opportunities, and other government programs that give citizens a 'hand-up' instead of a 'hand-out'. The Third Way seeks a compromise between a less interventionist economic system as supported by neoliberals and Keynesian social democratic spending policy supported by social democrats and progressives. The Third Way was born from a reevaluation of political policies within various centre to centre-left progressive movements in the 1980s in response to doubt regarding the economic viability of the state and the perceived overuse of economic interventionist policies that had previously been popularised by Keynesianism, but wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
