|
Laboratoire National De Métrologie Et D'essais
The French Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais (National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing) is a reference laboratory responsible for carrying out measurement and testing products of all kinds for their certification for placing them on the market. It also coordinates metrology activities in France. It was previously known as the Laboratoire national d'essais (LNE), and still uses those initials. Originally established in 1901, it is now a state-owned enterprise, and operates as an établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial, a French type of state-controlled entity of an industrial or commercial nature. Its headquarters is located in the 15th arrondissement of Paris. Early history When the Metre Convention was signed in Paris in 1875, it was at the National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM) that the main verifications of weights and measures attributed to foreign governments were carried out, as they adopt the metric system. Nevertheless, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reference Laboratory
A reference is a relationship between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to ''refer to'' the second object. It is called a ''name'' for the second object. The next object, the one to which the first object refers, is called the ''referent'' of the first object. A name is usually a phrase or expression, or some other symbolic representation. Its referent may be anything – a material object, a person, an event, an activity, or an abstract concept. References can take on many forms, including: a thought, a sensory perception that is audible (onomatopoeia), visual (text), olfactory, or tactile, emotional state, relationship with other, spacetime coordinates, symbolic or alpha-numeric, a physical object, or an energy projection. In some cases, methods are used that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography. References feature in many s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observatoire De Paris
The Paris Observatory (, ), a research institution of the Paris Sciences et Lettres University, is the foremost astronomical observatory of France, and one of the largest astronomical centres in the world. Its historic building is on the Left Bank of the Seine in central Paris, but most of the staff work on a satellite campus in Meudon, a suburb southwest of Paris. The Paris Observatory was founded in 1667. Construction was completed by the early 1670s and coincided with a major push for increased science, and the founding of the Royal Academy of Sciences. King Louis XIV's minister of finance organized a "scientific powerhouse" to increase understanding of astronomy, maritime navigation, and science in general. Through the centuries the Paris Observatory has continued in support of astronomical activities, and in the 21st century connects multiple sites and organizations, supporting astronomy and science, past and present. Constitution Administratively, it is a '' grand établ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standards Organizations In France
Standard may refer to: Symbols * Colours, standards and guidons, kinds of military signs * Standard (emblem), a type of a large symbol or emblem used for identification Norms, conventions or requirements * Standard (metrology), an object that bears a defined relationship to a unit of measure used for calibration of measuring devices * Standard (timber unit), an obsolete measure of timber used in trade * Breed standard (also called bench standard), in animal fancy and animal husbandry * BioCompute Standard, a standard for next generation sequencing * ''De facto'' standard, product or system with market dominance * Gold standard, a monetary system based on gold; also used metaphorically for the best of several options, against which the others are measured * Internet Standard, a specification ratified as an open standard by the Internet Engineering Task Force * Learning standards, standards applied to education content * Standard displacement, a naval term describing the wei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1901 Establishments In France
Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number) * One of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (1987 film), a 1987 science fiction film * '' 19-Nineteen'', a 2009 South Korean film * '' Diciannove'', a 2024 Italian drama film informally referred to as "Nineteen" in some sources Science * Potassium, an alkali metal * 19 Fortuna, an asteroid Music * 19 (band), a Japanese pop music duo Albums * ''19'' (Adele album), 2008 * ''19'', a 2003 album by Alsou * ''19'', a 2006 album by Evan Yo * ''19'', a 2018 album by MHD * ''19'', one half of the double album '' 63/19'' by Kool A.D. * ''Number Nineteen'', a 1971 album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron * ''XIX'' (EP), a 2019 EP by 1the9 Songs * "19" (song), a 1985 song by British musician Paul Hardcastle * "Stone in Focus", officially "#19", a composition by Aphex Twin * "Nineteen", a song from the 1992 album ''Refugee'' by Bad4Good * "Nineteen", a song from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laboratories In France
A laboratory (; ; colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. Laboratories are found in a variety of settings such as schools, universities, privately owned research institutions, corporate research and testing facilities, government regulatory and forensic investigation centers, physicians' offices, clinics, hospitals, regional and national referral centers, and even occasionally personal residences. Overview The organisation and contents of laboratories are determined by the differing requirements of the specialists working within. A physics laboratory might contain a particle accelerator or vacuum chamber, while a metallurgy laboratory could have apparatus for casting or refining metals or for testing their strength. A chemist or biologist might use a wet laboratory, while a psychologist's laboratory might be a room with one-way mirrors and hidden cameras in w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science And Technology In France
Science and technology in France has a long history dating back to the Académie des Sciences, founded by Louis XIV in 1666, at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. France's achievements in science and technology have been significant throughout the past centuries as France's economic growth and industrialisation process was slow and steady along the 18th and 19th centuries. Research and development efforts form an integral part of the country's economy. Scientific research in the country is supported by industry, by the network of French universities and by higher education establishments outside the main framework, Grandes écoles. France ranked 12nd in the 2024 Global Innovation Index, compared to 16th in 2019. Historical overview The tradition of scientific research in France can be traced back to the Scientific Revolution. France is home to some of the world's oldest universities (Montpellier, Paris) alt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Conference On Weights And Measures
The General Conference on Weights and Measures (abbreviated CGPM from the ) is the supreme authority of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), the intergovernmental organization established in 1875 under the terms of the Metre Convention through which member states act together on matters related to measurement science and measurement standards. The CGPM is made up of delegates of the governments of the member states and observers from the Associates of the CGPM. It elects the International Committee for Weights and Measures (abbreviated CIPM from the ) as the supervisory board of the BIPM to direct and supervise it. Initially the work of the BIPM concerned the kilogram and the metre, but in 1921 the scope of the Metre Convention was extended to accommodate all Physical quantity, physical measurements and hence all aspects of the metric system. In 1960 the 11th CGPM approved the title International System of Units, usually known as "SI". The General Conferenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universitat De València
The University of Valencia ( ), shortened to UV, is a public research university in Valencia, Spain. It is one of the oldest universities in Spain, and the oldest in the Valencian Community. It is regarded as one of Spain's leading academic institutions. The university was founded in 1499, and currently has around 55,000 students. Most of the courses are taught in Spanish, however their plan is to increase the number of courses available in Valencian and English as well. It is located in the Mediterranean Spanish baseline, in the city of Valencia which is the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain, with a population of 829,705 in 2014. One of its campuses is located in the metropolitan area of Valencia, in the municipalities of Burjassot and Paterna. The current chancellor is María Vicenta Mestre Escrivá. History At the request of James I the Conqueror, Pope Innocent IV in 1246 authorized (by a Bull) t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laboratoire National De Métrologie Et D'essais
The French Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais (National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing) is a reference laboratory responsible for carrying out measurement and testing products of all kinds for their certification for placing them on the market. It also coordinates metrology activities in France. It was previously known as the Laboratoire national d'essais (LNE), and still uses those initials. Originally established in 1901, it is now a state-owned enterprise, and operates as an établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial, a French type of state-controlled entity of an industrial or commercial nature. Its headquarters is located in the 15th arrondissement of Paris. Early history When the Metre Convention was signed in Paris in 1875, it was at the National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM) that the main verifications of weights and measures attributed to foreign governments were carried out, as they adopt the metric system. Nevertheless, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metrology
Metrology is the scientific study of measurement. It establishes a common understanding of Unit of measurement, units, crucial in linking human activities. Modern metrology has its roots in the French Revolution's political motivation to standardise units in France when a length standard taken from a natural source was proposed. This led to the creation of the decimal-based metric system in 1795, establishing a set of standards for other types of measurements. Several other countries adopted the metric system between 1795 and 1875; to ensure conformity between the countries, the ''International Bureau of Weights and Measures, Bureau International des Poids et Mesures'' (BIPM) was established by the Metre Convention. This has evolved into the International System of Units (SI) as a result of a resolution at the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 1960. Metrology is divided into three basic overlapping activities: * The definition of units of measurement * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Chamber Of Commerce
The Paris Chamber of Commerce ( or ''CCIP'') is a chamber of commerce of the Paris region. It defends the interests of companies of the city of Paris, and provides services to these companies. Since 2013 it has been a division of the Paris Île-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry. History The CCIP was created on 25 February 1803 by Napoleon and is the successor to the Guilds of the ''Ancien Régime''. It was initially located in the préfecture, before transferring to the building now occupied by the Paris Bourse, and then to the Hôtel Potocki. On 1 January 2013 the Paris Île-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry was created, combining eight chambers of commerce of the area in and around Paris. The merger brought together the six departmental CCI (Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-de-Marne, Val d'Oise, Yvelines Versailles) and the two territorial CCI (Seine-et -Marne and Essonne). On 1 January 2013 the ''CCI départementale de P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Commerce (France)
The Minister of Commerce was a cabinet member in the Government of France. The position sometimes included responsibility for other government departments such as Public Works, Interior, Agriculture and Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones. The position has largely been merged today into the expanded Ministry of the Economy, Finance and Industry. Officeholders Ministers of Commerce and Manufacture In 1812 Napoleon created a Ministry of Commerce and Manufacture (''Ministère du Commerce et des Manufactures''), which he assigned to Jean-Baptiste Collin de Sussy. That ministry was suppressed in 1814. * 16 January 1812 – 1 April 1814 : Jean-Baptiste Collin de Sussy A royal ordinance of 22 January 1828 recreated the Ministry of Commerce and Manufacture, which covered manufacture and interior and exterior commerce, which were detached from the Ministry of the Interior. The ministry was suppressed by ordinance of 8 August 1829, and these services were again made part of the departme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
