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Ksani Fortress
The Ksani fortress ( ka, ქსნის ციხე, tr), also known as the Mtkvari fortress (მტკვრის ციხე, ''mt'k'vris tsikhe''), is a fortress in eastern Georgia (country), Georgia, strategically perched on a mount overlooking the confluence of the Ksani, Ksani river with the Kura (Caspian Sea), Mtkvari (Kura) in the historical district of Mukhrani, now part of the Mtskheta Municipality. It was built by Bagrat I, Prince of Mukhrani, in 1512 and reconstructed by his descendant in 1746. The fortress is inscribed on the list of Georgia's Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance. Location and layout The Ksani fortress tops a 600-meter-high Mount Sarkineti on the left bank of the Ksani in the vicinity of the village of Tsikhisdziri (Mtskheta Municipality), Tsikhisdziri, Mtskheta Municipality, in the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region. The fortress is strategically located, overlooking the confluence of the Ksani and Mtkvari. Accessible only from the southwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsikhisdziri (Mtskheta Municipality)
Tsikhisdziri ( ka, ციხისძირი) is a village in the Kobuleti Municipality, Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Georgia (country), Georgia, on the Black Sea coast, 8 km south of the town of Kobuleti. Tsikhisdziri is home to an archaeological site and ruins of a Late Antique fortified town, which is identified by mainstream scholarship with the Roman Empire, Roman-built city-fortress of Petra, Lazica, Petra. Archaeology Artifacts The Tsikhisdziri site is located on a rocky coastline of the Black Sea, at the modern-day village. Systematic archaeological study of the site began in 1962 and yielded several layers of human settlement and various artifacts, the earliest of which date to the Late Bronze Age, when the area fell within the Colchian culture area. North of Tsikhisdziri, at Bobokvati, some 200 m from the coastline, dune-settlements, dating to the 8th century BC, were uncovered. In the following centuries, a series of ancient Greek colonies were established alo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embrasure
An embrasure (or crenel or crenelle; sometimes called gunhole in the domain of Age of Gunpowder, gunpowder-era architecture) is the opening in a battlement between two raised solid portions (merlons). Alternatively, an embrasure can be a space hollowed out throughout the thickness of a wall by the establishment of a Bay (architecture), bay. This term designates the internal part of this space, relative to the closing device, door or window. In fortification this refers to the outward splay of a window or of an arrowslit on the inside. In ancient and medieval military engineering, embrasures were constructed in towers and walls. A Loophole (firearm), loophole, arrow loop or arrowslit passes through a solid wall, and thus forms an embrasure of shooting, allowing Bow and arrow, archer or Gunner (rank), gunner weapons to be fired out from the fortification while the firer remains under cover. This type of opening was flared inward - that is: the opening was very narrow on the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine III, Prince Of Mukhrani
Constantine most often refers to: * Constantine the Great, Roman emperor from 306 to 337, also known as Constantine I * Constantine, Algeria, a city in Algeria Constantine may also refer to: People * Constantine (name), a masculine given name and surname Roman/Byzantine emperors * Constantine II (emperor) Constantine II (; 316–340) was Roman emperor from 337 to 340. The son of the emperor Constantine I, he was proclaimed Caesar (title), ''caesar'' by his father shortly after his birth. He was associated with military victories over the Sarmatia ... * Constantine III (Western Roman emperor) * Constantine III (Byzantine emperor) * Constantine IV * Constantine V * Constantine VI * Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus * Constantine VIII * Constantine IX Monomachos * Constantine X Doukas * Constantine XI Palaiologos Emperors not enumerated * Tiberius II, reigned officially as "Constantine" * Constans II, reigned officially as "Constantine" * Constantine ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Mukhrani
The House of Mukhrani is a Georgia (country), Georgian princely family that is a branch of the former royal dynasty of Bagrationi, from which it sprang early in the 16th century, receiving in appanage the domain of Mukhrani, in the Kingdom of Kartli. The family — currently the seniormost genealogical line of the entire Bagrationi dynastyHugh Massingberd, Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. "Burke's Peerage, Burke’s Royal Families of the World: ''Volume II Africa & the Middle East'', 1980, pp. 58-67. — has since been known as Mukhranbatoni ( ka, მუხრანბატონი ). An elder branch of the house of Mukhrani, now extinct, furnished five royal sovereigns of Kartli between 1658 and 1724. Its descendants bore the Russian Empire, Imperial Russian titles of Prince Gruzinsky (Грузи́нский, გრუზინსკი) and Princes Bagration (Багратион, ბაგრატიონი). Another branch, presiding in Mukhrani as ''tavadi'' and received amon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George II Of Kakheti
George II ( ka, გიორგი II, ''Giorgi II'') also known as George the Bad, the Mad or the Evil (''Av-Giorgi'', ავგიორგი) (1469–1513), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king (''mepe'') of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from 1511 to 1513. Life He was the eldest son of King Alexander I of Kakheti by his wife, Princess Ana Cholokashvili. He is reported by the Georgian chronicles to have been extremely grasping and ambitious and to have had frequent conflicts with his peace-loving father, insisting that Alexander made war upon the rival Bagrationi branch presiding over Kakheti's western neighbor, the Kingdom of Kartli. Also, he was suspicious of his younger brother, Demetre, whom Alexander had entrusted an important diplomatic mission to the Shah of Iran, Ismail I. On April 27, 1511, George murdered Alexander, had Demetre blinded, and seized the crown. Immediately after his accession to the throne, George II organized an expedition against Kartli, and attempted to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David X Of Kartli
David X ( ka, დავით X) (c. 1470s or 1480s –1526) was the second king ('' mepe'') of the Kingdom of Kartli from 1505 to 1525. Associated with the throne as a child, he became king on the death of his father and from then on had to endure invasions from the Kingdom of Imereti and Kingdom of Kakheti. A reformer, he succeeded in subduing the army and destroying the power of the nobles by abolishing the semi-independent principalities that were ruining the unity of the country, before uniting eastern Georgia under a single sceptre. David X is also known to have survived another invasion by Persia, and is thus considered to be the first in a series of eleven kings who fought against their Safavid neighbours over the next two centuries. Life David was born after 1473.. He was the eldest son of King Constantine II of Georgia and his wife, Queen Tamar. In 1488, in the midst of war against the Turkomans, he was associated with his other brothers to his father's throne, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ksani Fortress-5 (Photo A
The Ksani (, , ''Ĉysandon'') is a river in central Georgia, which rises on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range in South Ossetia and flows into the Kura (''Mtkvari''). It is a left tributary of the Kura. The Ksani is long, and has a drainage basin of . National Statistics Office of Georgia, Tbilisi, 2020, p. 12. ''Ksani'' (both the river and the name) is often associated with the Georgian which lies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roundel (fortification)
The roundel is an artillery fortification with a rounded or circular plan of a similar height to the adjacent defensive walls. If the fortification is clearly higher than the walls it is called a battery tower. Design The design of a roundel, which was massive in comparison with a normal defensive tower, enabled the deployment of heavy cannon. Roundels were built of both earth and brickwork; in the latter case, vaulted rooms (casemates) were built on the inside. History Emergence Roundels appeared in the 15th century when cannon gradually developed into an effective siege weapon. Roundels are the oldest permanent artillery fortifications. Their heyday was in the 15th and early 16th centuries. Early examples of artillery roundels are in the town fortifications of Tábor before 1433 and Sion Castle, that around 1426/27, and certainly before the siege of 1437 were modified. Other early central European examples that have survived include roundels at Sigmundskron Castle ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parapet
A parapet is a barrier that is an upward extension of a wall at the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony, walkway or other structure. The word comes ultimately from the Italian ''parapetto'' (''parare'' 'to cover/defend' and ''petto'' 'chest/breast'). Where extending above a roof, a parapet may simply be the portion of an exterior wall that continues above the edge line of the roof surface, or may be a continuation of a vertical feature beneath the roof such as a fire wall or party wall. Parapets were originally used to defend buildings from military attack, but today they are primarily used as guard rails, to conceal rooftop equipment, reduce wind loads on the roof, and to prevent the spread of fires. Parapet types Parapets may be plain, embattled, perforated or panelled, which are not mutually exclusive terms. *Plain parapets are upward extensions of the wall, sometimes with a coping at the top and corbel below. *Embattled parapets may be panelled, but are pierced, if not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mtskheta Municipality
Mtskheta ( ka, მცხეთის მუნიციპალიტეტი) is a district of Georgia (country), Georgia, in the region of Mtskheta-Mtianeti. Its main town is Mtskheta. Population of Mtskheta Municipality - 47 711 inhabitants. The municipality includes one city (Mtskheta) and 63 settlements. The city is the municipal center of Mtskheta and its population is 7,940 inhabitants or 13% of the population of the municipality. The largest village is Mukhrani with 6,197 inhabitants. Geography and climate Mtskheta Municipality is located in Mtskheta-Mtianeti region of Eastern Georgia (country), eastern Georgia. Its administrative center is the city of Mtskheta. The municipality is bordered by Sagarejo Municipality to the east, Kaspi Municipality to the west, Dusheti Municipality, Dusheti and Tianeti Municipality, Tianeti to the north, Gardabani Municipality, Gardabani and Tetritskaro Municipality, Tetritskaro municipalities and also Tbilisi to the south. The region is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battlement
A battlement, in defensive architecture, such as that of city walls or castles, comprises a parapet (a defensive low wall between chest-height and head-height), in which gaps or indentations, which are often rectangular, occur at intervals to allow for the launch of arrows or other projectiles from within the defences. These gaps are termed embrasures, also called crenels or crenelles, and a wall or building with them is described as ; alternative older terms are and . The act of adding crenels to a previously unbroken parapet is termed crenellation. The function of battlements in war is to protect the defenders by giving them part of the parapet to hide behind, from which they can quickly expose themselves to launch projectiles, then retreat behind the parapet. A defensive building might be designed and built with battlements, or a manor house might be fortified by adding battlements, where no parapet previously existed, or cutting crenellations into its existing parape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
