|
Kurdistan Workers' Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party, or the PKK, isDespite the PKK's 12th Congress announcing plans for total organisational dissolution, the PKK has not yet been dissolved de facto or de jure. a Kurds, Kurdish militant political organization and armed List of guerrilla movements, guerrilla group primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of Turkish Kurdistan, southeastern Turkey, Iraqi Kurdistan, northern Iraq and north-eastern Syria. It was founded in Ziyaret, Lice on 27 November 1978 and was involved in asymmetric warfare in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present), Kurdish–Turkish conflict (with several ceasefires between 1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire, 1993 and 2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process, 2013–2015). Although the PKK initially sought an independent Kurdish state, in the 1990s its official platform changed to seeking autonomy and increased Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey, political and cultural rights for Kurds within Turkey. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement
The Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement or HBDH () is a Far-left politics, far-left self-declared alliance of ten mostly Kurdish Left-wing politics, leftist, Revolutionary socialism, revolutionary socialist, and Communism, communist organizations in Turkey. The alliance was declared on March 12, 2016, with the goal of overthrowing the elected Turkish government. Since then, it has claimed responsibility for several attacks on security personnel in Turkey. Background The alliance chose to declare their founding on March 12 to announce to the world their commitment to the struggle against the AKP government in Turkey. March 12, 2016, was the 45th anniversary of the 1971 Turkish military memorandum, the 21st anniversary of the Gazi Quarter riots, and the 12th anniversary of the 2004 al-Qamishli riots. All three of these events serve as reminders of the alliance's mission "to lead victoriously our struggle for the Revolution, democracy and socialism." The alliance believes that Rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah Öcalan
Abdullah Öcalan ( ; ; born 4 April 1948 or 1949), also known as Apo (short for Abdullah in Turkish; Kurdish for "uncle"), is a founding member of the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Öcalan was based in Syria from 1979 to 1998. He helped found the PKK in 1978, and led it into the Kurdish–Turkish conflict in 1984. For most of his leadership, he was based in Syria, which provided sanctuary to the PKK until the late 1990s. After being forced to leave Syria, Öcalan was abducted by the Turkish National Intelligence Organization (MIT) in Nairobi, Kenya in February 1999 and imprisoned on İmralı island in Turkey, where after a trial he was sentenced to death under Article 125 of the Turkish Penal Code, which concerns the formation of armed organizations. The sentence was commuted to aggravated life imprisonment when Turkey abolished the death penalty. From 1999 until 2009, he was the sole prisoner in İmralı prison in the Sea of Marmara, where he is still held. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kani Yilmaz
Kani Yılmaz was born in 1952 in Çewlig, a town in Bingöl Province, Turkey to a Kurdish family. Yılmaz completed his early education at local Kurdish institutions. Role in the PKK Yılmaz became one of the founding members of the Kurdistan Workers' Party ( PKK) in the 1970s. Within the PKK, he took on roles including that of a military strategist and international spokesperson. However, by the early 2000s, Yılmaz parted ways with the PKK due to ideological differences, citing concerns over the organization's direction under Abdullah Öcalan's leadership. Assassination and death On 11 February 2006, Yılmaz was killed in a car bombing in Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan. Many leaders across the region publicly mourned his passing. See also * Kurdistan Workers' Party The Kurdistan Workers' Party, or the PKK, isDespite the PKK's 12th Congress announcing plans for total organisational dissolution, the PKK has not yet been dissolved de facto or de jure. a Kurds, Kurdis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)
The Federal Criminal Police Office of Germany (, , abbreviated ') is the Federal republic, federal Security agency, investigative police agency of Germany, directly subordinated to the Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany), Federal Ministry of the Interior. It is headquartered in Wiesbaden, Hesse, and maintains major branch offices in Berlin and Meckenheim (Rhineland), Meckenheim near Bonn. It has been headed by Holger Münch since December 2014. Primary jurisdiction of the agency includes coordinating cooperation between the federation and state police forces, investigating cases of organized crime, international organized crime, terrorism and other cases related to national security as well as providing protection to members of Constitution of Germany#Constitutional institutions, constitutional institutions and federal witnesses. When requested by the respective state authorities or the federal minister of the interior, it also assumes responsibility for investigations in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdish Nationalism
Kurdish nationalism () is a nationalist political movement which asserts that Kurds are a nation and espouses the creation of an independent Kurdistan from Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. Early Kurdish nationalism had its roots in the Ottoman Empire, within which Kurds were a significant ethnic group. With the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, its Kurdish-majority territories were divided between the newly formed states of Turkey, Iraq, and Syria, making Kurds a significant ethnic minority in each state. Kurdish nationalist movements have long been suppressed by Turkey and in the states of Iran, Iraq, and Syria. Since the 1970s, Iraqi Kurds have pursued the goal of greater autonomy and even outright independence against the Iraqi nationalist Ba'ath Party regimes, which responded with brutal repression, including the massacre of 50-100k Kurds in the Anfal campaign. The Kurdish–Turkish conflict, where Kurdish armed groups have fought against the state, has been ongoing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan Region
Kurdistan Region (KRI) is a semi-autonomous Federal regions of Iraq, federal region of the Iraq, Republic of Iraq. It comprises four Kurds, Kurdish-majority governorates of Arabs, Arab-majority Iraq: Erbil Governorate, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Duhok Governorate, and Halabja Governorate. It is located in northern Iraq, which shares borders with Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, and Syria to the west. It does not govern all of Iraqi Kurdistan and lays claim to the disputed territories of Northern Iraq, disputed territories of northern Iraq; these territories have a predominantly non-Arab population and were subject to the Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq, Ba'athist Arabization campaigns throughout the late 20th century. Though the KRI's autonomy was realized in 1992, one year after Iraq's defeat in the Gulf War, these northern territories remain contested between the Kurdistan Regional Government (in Erbil) and the Federal government of Iraq, Government of I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement
The Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement (, , YDG-H) was the urban, militant youth wing of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) from 2006-2015. Trained by more experienced PKK cadres for urban fighting, and consisting mostly of children and adults in the 15-25 age group, it was reportedly established in 2006. The group started to clash with Turkish security forces and tried to enforce their authority in the areas they were located in 2014 as part of a strategy which involved unilateral declaration of self-management in various towns in southeastern Turkey, and creation of trenches and barricades reinforced with IEDs and explosives to deny security forces access. The group was in favor of autonomy, regional self-management for the Kurdish people in Southeast Anatolia. Other claimed objectives of the YDG-H include stopping all activities related to drugs and prostitution, and other similar crimes in the region. In December 2015, the YDG-H was reorganized into the Civil Protectio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Protection Units
The Civil Protection Units (, ; YPS), also known as Civil Defense Units, was a primarily Kurdish people, Kurdish rebel group and main armed force in Turkish Kurdistan. The YPS was formed by the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) to better organize and train the youth fighters in the Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement, otherwise known as the YDG-H. In 2015 the YDG-H reorganized themselves in to what is known as the YPS today. On 12 May 2025, the Kurdistan Workers' Party announced it would disband as part of a peace initiative with Turkey. History It was claimed that the YPS was originally formed on 20 December 2015 by the Kurdish rebels as a version of the YPG in Northern Kurdistan (Turkey). A youth wing of the PKK, is the YDG-H, which in 2015 reorganized itself into what is known as the YPS of today. The YPS is mainly composed of members of the former YDG-H, who have been operating since 2013. The YPS is currently training for conventional urban warfare against the Turkish gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Women's Units
The Free Women's Units (), shortened from the Kurdish name as YJA STAR, was the women's military wing of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). YJA STAR operates according to jineology, the feminist philosophy developed by the Kurdish ideological leader, Abdullah Öcalan Abdullah Öcalan ( ; ; born 4 April 1948 or 1949), also known as Apo (short for Abdullah in Turkish; Kurdish for "uncle"), is a founding member of the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Öcalan was based in Syria from 1979 to 1998. He .... On 12 May 2025, the Kurdistan Workers' Party announced it would disband as part of a peace initiative with Turkey. See also *'' Gulîstan, Land of Roses'', a 2016 documentary film about women PKK fighters References All-female military units and formations Apoist organizations in Turkey Anti-ISIL factions in Turkey Kurdish organisations Kurdistan Workers' Party Left-wing militant groups in Turkey Military wings of socialist parties Rebel groups in Tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Defence Forces
The People's Defence Forces (, HPG) was the military wing of the group Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). During the 7th Congress of the PKK in January 2000, the HPG replaced the former military wing of the PKK, the People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan (''Artêşa Rizgariya Gelê Kurdistan'', ARGK). The replacement was intended to demonstrate the search for a peaceful solution of the Kurdish-Turkish conflict, after the capture of Abdullah Öcalan in 1999. The HPG played an active role in the peace negotiations between the Turkish Government and the PKK in 2013, as it hosted a delegation consisting of several politicians from the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) and members of the Turkish Human Rights Association (IHD) and agreed to release soldiers of the Turkish army as well as a Turkish politician, who they held captive. In 2014, the HPG was involved in the fight against the Islamic State (ISIS) in Sinjar. As far as can be judged from the publications, one of the basic HPG ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan Communities Union
The Kurdistan Communities Union (, KCK) is a Kurdish political organization committed to implementing Abdullah Öcalan's ideology of democratic confederalism. The KCK also serves as an umbrella group for several confederalist political parties of Kurdistan, including the Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), Democratic Union Party (PYD), Kurdistan Free Life Party (PJAK), and Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party (PÇDK). Finland and Sweden's alleged support for the KCK, is one of the points which caused Turkey to oppose Finland and Sweden's NATO accession bid. Structure KCK contract defines the highest authority of the organization in Article 11 as follows: Although Abdullah Öcalan is the group's leader, due to his imprisonment the organization is led by an assembly called Kurdistan People's Congress (Kongra-Gel), which serves as the group's legislature. The co-presidents of the Kongra-Gel are Remzi Kartal a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
