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Kingdom Of Larantuka
The kingdom of Larantuka was a historical monarchy in present-day East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It was one of the few, if not the only, indigenous Catholic Polity, polities in the territory of modern Indonesia. Acting as a tributary state of the Portuguese Empire, Portuguese Crown, the ''Raja'' (King) of Larantuka controlled holdings on the islands of Flores (eastern part), Solor, Adonara, and Lembata. It was later purchased by Dutch East Indies from the Portuguese with the Treaty of Lisbon (1859), treaty of Lisbon of the year 1859. Despite its autonomy being reduced over the years, first with the signing of the long political contract with the Dutch East Indies after the purchase and then the short contract (''korte verklaring)'' the kingdom's royal family retained nominal authority over their territories until their power was formally abolished by the republican government in 1962. History Monarchs of the Larantuka kingdom claim descent from a union between a man from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tributary State
A tributary state is a pre-modern state in a particular type of subordinate relationship to a more powerful state which involved the sending of a regular token of submission, or tribute, to the superior power (the suzerain). This token often took the form of a substantial transfer of wealth, such as the delivery of gold, produce, or slaves, so that tribute might best be seen as the payment of protection money. It might also be more symbolic: sometimes it amounted to no more than the delivery of a mark of submission such as the bunga mas (golden flower) that rulers in the Malay Peninsula used to send to the kings of Siam, or the Tribute of the Maltese Falcon that the Grand Master of the Order of St. John used to send annually to the Viceroy of Sicily in order to rule Malta. It might also involve attendance by the subordinate ruler at the court of the hegemon in order to make a public show of submission. The modern-day heirs of tribute hegemons tend to claim that the tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorenzo II Of Larantuka
Dom Lorenzo II of Larantuka (c. 1859–1904), born Lorenzo Diaz Vieria Godinho, was a Raja of the Kingdom of Larantuka and reigned for almost 17 years starting from 14 September 1887. He was born in July 1859, baptized on 20 October 1869, and was educated by a Jesuit priest. When his uncle Gaspar died in 1877, Lorenzo (then 17 years old) was the presumptive heir, but the kingship instead passed on to Gaspar's half-brother Dominggo. Prior to his succession to the throne on Dominggo's death in 1887, he taught catechism in Lembata, and helped defend coastal settlements there against raids from inland non-Christians. Travelling with an accompanying Catholic priest, the party baptized mostly children in Lembata and Solor. Lorenzo's reign saw several rules being implemented in Larantuka, which included alterations in traditional ceremonies, punishments for those practicing traditional rituals, and requiring all his subjects to provide labor for the Kingdom. Showing clear traits of i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bali
Bali (English:; Balinese language, Balinese: ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller offshore islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nusa Ceningan to the southeast. The provincial capital, Denpasar, is the List of Indonesian cities by population, most populous city in the Lesser Sunda Islands and the second-largest, after Makassar, in Eastern Indonesia. Denpasar metropolitan area is the extended metropolitan area around Denpasar. The upland town of Ubud in Greater Denpasar is considered Bali's cultural centre. The province is Indonesia's main tourist destination, with a significant rise in Tourism in Bali, tourism since the 1980s, and becoming an Indonesian area of overtourism. Tourism-related business makes up 80% of the Bali economy. Bali is the only Hinduism in Indonesia, Hindu-majority province in Indonesia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negarakertagama
The ''Nagarakretagama'' or ''Nagarakṛtāgama'', also known in Bali as ''Desawarnana'' or ''Deśavarṇana'', is an Old Javanese eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, a Javanese king of the Majapahit Empire. It was written on lontar as a '' kakawin'' by Mpu Prapanca in 1365 (1287 Saka year). The ''Nagarakretagama'' contains detailed descriptions of the Majapahit Empire during its greatest extent. The poem affirms the importance of Hindu–Buddhism in the Majapahit empire by describing temples and palaces and several ceremonial observances. The manuscript In 1894, the Dutch East Indies launched a military expedition against the Cakranegara royal house of Lombok. That year, the Dutch took the manuscript as part of the valuable '' Lombok treasure'', war booty from the destroyed palace of Mataram-Cakranagara in Lombok. The first Western scholar to study the manuscript was , a Dutch philologist. He accompanied the KNIL expedition to Lombok in 1894 and is credited with saving the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamaholot People
The Lamahalot or Solorese people are an indigenous tribe located on Flores Island, Indonesia, and some smaller islands around it ( Solor, Adonara, and Lomblen). Lamaholot people speak the Lamaholot language with different dialects, the number of speakers counts between 150,000 and 200,000. Lamaholot people's famous traditional dance is a war dance known as ''Hedung''. History Since the 16th century the territory of the Lamaholot was the object of the claims of the Sultanate of Makassar, Portugal and the Netherlands. Until the middle of the 19th century Lamaholot were under the Portuguese colonial administration, then under the Netherlands in 1859–1942, and until the middle of the 20th century they were formally submitted to the Rajas of Larantuka and Adonara. Language The Lamaholot language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages of the Austronesian languages family. The language is divided into many dialects, or possibly distinct languages as Adonara language, the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ile Mandiri
Ile or ILE may refer to: Ile * Ile, a Puerto Rican singer * Ile District (other), multiple places * Ilé-Ifẹ̀, an ancient Yoruba city in south-western Nigeria * Interlingue (ISO 639:ile), a planned language * Isoleucine, an amino acid abbreviated as Ile or I * Another name for Ilargi, the moon in Basque mythology * Historical spelling of Islay, Scottish island and girls' name * Another name for the Ili River in eastern Kazakhstan * ''Ile'', a gender-neutral pronoun in Portuguese * iLe, a Puerto Rican singer ILE * Intermittent Layer Extrusion, a process which allows the extrusion of a variable layer thickness tube (see 2 1/2D) * Institution of Lighting Engineers, (ILE) UK and Ireland's largest professional lighting association * Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy, a surgical procedure. See Esophagectomy. * Institución Libre de Enseñanza, a Spanish education organization associated with ''Residencia de Estudiantes'' * Intuitive Logical Extrovert, a Socionics term * Skylark F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Lisbon (1859)
The Treaty of Demarcation and Exchange of Some Portuguese and Dutch Possessions in the Archipelago of Solor and Timor ( Portuguese: Tratado de Demarcação e Troca de Algumas Possessões Portuguesas e Neerlandesas no Arquipélago de Solor e Timor) was a treaty signed between the Kingdom of Portugal (then ruled by Dom Pedro V) and the Netherlands (ruled by William III), on 20 April 1859, which demarcated the border between the colonies of the two kingdoms in the Indonesian Archipelago. They were represented as plenipotentiaries on the Portuguese side by António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo, then Minister of Internal Affairs of the Kingdom of Portugal, and on the Dutch side by Maurits Jan Heldewier, chargé d'affaires of the Netherlands. By this treaty, Portugal ceded Larantuca, Sicca and Paga on the island of Flores, Wouré on the island of Adonara, and Pamung Kaju on the island of Solor. In return, the Netherlands ceded the kingdoms of Maubara and Ambeno, both on the i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lembata
Lembata is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands, also known as Lomblen or Kawela; it is the largest island of the Solor Archipelago, in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. It forms a separate regency of the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur. The island has a very irregular coastline with numerous bays and promontories, of which the largest is the Ile Ape peninsula on the island's north coast. The length of the island is about 80 km from the southwest to the northeast and the width is about 30 km from the west to the east. It rises to an elevation of 1,621 metres at Mount Ile Labalekang. To the west lie the other islands in the archipelago, most notably Solor and Adonara in the East Flores Regency, and then the larger island of Flores. To the east is the Alor Strait, which separates this archipelago from the Alor Archipelago. To the south across the Savu Sea lies the island of Timor, while to the north the western branch of the Banda Sea separates it from Buton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adonara
Adonara () is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, located east of the larger island of Flores in the Solor Archipelago. To the east lies Lembata, formerly known as Lomblen. Adonara is the highest of the islands of the archipelago, reaching an altitude of 1,659 metres, and it has an area of 529.75 km2. It is situated administratively in the East Flores Regency of East Nusa Tenggara province. Administration The island is divided into eight districts (''kecamatan''), tabulated below with their areas (in km2) and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2024.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2025. Note: (a) Adonara Timur District, notwithstanding its name, actually occupies the south-central part of Adonara Island, with Wotan Ulu Mado District to the southwest and Ile Boleng District to the southeast. (b) including the two kelurahan of Lamatewelu and Waiwerang Kota. (c) Adonara District covers only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solor
Solor is a volcanic island located off the eastern tip of Flores island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, in the Solor Archipelago. The island supports a small population that has been whaling for hundreds of years. They speak the languages of Adonara and Lamaholot. There are at least five volcanoes on this island which measures only by . The island's area is , and it had a population of 34,029 at the 2020 Census. The official estimate as at mid 2024 was 36,739.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kecamatan Solor Barat Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5309) Administrative districts The island is divided into three districts (''kecamatan''), tabulated below with their areas (in km2) and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, ''Kecamatan Solor Barat Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5309040)Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tributary State
A tributary state is a pre-modern state in a particular type of subordinate relationship to a more powerful state which involved the sending of a regular token of submission, or tribute, to the superior power (the suzerain). This token often took the form of a substantial transfer of wealth, such as the delivery of gold, produce, or slaves, so that tribute might best be seen as the payment of protection money. It might also be more symbolic: sometimes it amounted to no more than the delivery of a mark of submission such as the bunga mas (golden flower) that rulers in the Malay Peninsula used to send to the kings of Siam, or the Tribute of the Maltese Falcon that the Grand Master of the Order of St. John used to send annually to the Viceroy of Sicily in order to rule Malta. It might also involve attendance by the subordinate ruler at the court of the hegemon in order to make a public show of submission. The modern-day heirs of tribute hegemons tend to claim that the tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polity
A polity is a group of people with a collective identity, who are organized by some form of political Institutionalisation, institutionalized social relations, and have a capacity to mobilize resources. A polity can be any group of people organized for governance, such as the board of a corporation, the government of a country, or the government of a country subdivision. A polity may have various forms, such as a republic administered by an elected representative, the realm of a hereditary monarch, and others. The preeminent polities today are Westphalian sovereignty, Westphalian states and nation-states, commonly referred to as countries. Overview In geopolitics, a polity can manifest in different forms such as a State (polity), state, an empire, an international organization, a political organization or another identifiable, resource-manipulating organizational structure. A polity like a state does not need to be a Sovereignty, sovereign unit. The preeminent polities tod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
