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Kazakhstan's 5th Electoral District
The Electoral district No. 5 (; ) is a Single-member district, single-mandate Electoral district, territorial constituency in Kazakhstan, represented in the lower chamber Mäjilis of the Parliament of Kazakhstan, Parliament. It is located in the city of Almaty and includes the districts of Bostandyq District, Bostandyq, Medeu District, Medeu and Nauryzbai District, Nauryzbai. The constituency was originally formed for the 2004 Kazakh legislative election, 2004 legislative election and existed until being abolished in 2007. However, it has been reestablished in 2022 and is currently represented by deputy Baqytjan Bazarbek (Independent politician, Independent) since March 2023. Geography The Electoral district No. 5 is situated in the northeastern part of Almaty and includes the city districts of Bostandyq District, Bostandyq, Medeu District, Medeu and Nauryzbai District, Nauryzbai. It shares borders with Kazakhstan's 3rd electoral district, No. 3 (Almaty) to the northwest and Kaza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Single-member District
A single-member district or constituency is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder. It contrasts with a multi-member district, which is represented by multiple officeholders. In some countries, such as Australia and India, members of the lower house of parliament are elected from single-member districts, while members of the upper house are elected from multi-member districts. In some other countries, such as Singapore, members of parliament can be elected from either single-member or multi-member districts. History in the United States The United States Constitution, ratified in 1789, states: "The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States...Representatives...shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers." In other words, the Constitution specifies that each state will be apportioned a number of representa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Almaty Region
Almaty Region ( ), formerly known as the Alma-Ata Region until 1993, is a region in Kazakhstan, located in the southeastern part of the country. It surrounds, but does not include, the eponymous city of Almaty. Its capital is Qonaev. Geography The region borders Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang in the People's Republic of China. The region also borders three other regions of Kazakhstan: Jambyl Region to the west, Karaganda Region to the northwest, and East Kazakhstan Region to the north. Almaty Region has an area of 224,000 square kilometres. Much of the northwestern border of the region runs along Lake Balkhash, whose main affluent, the Ili River, is the most significant river of the region. In the region's northeast, it shares the four lakes of the Alakol Depression (Lakes Alakol, Sasykkol, Koshkarkol, and Zhalanashkol) with East Kazakhstan Region. Other lakes within the region include Bartogay Lake and Kapshagay lakes, Lake Issyk, Kaindy and Kolsai lakes. The Trans-Ili A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
2016 Kazakh Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Kazakhstan on 20 March 2016. The date was set by president Nursultan Nazarbayev on 20 January 2016, when he dissolved the Mäjilis after it had requested dissolution on 13 January, with the reason cited being the economic crisis caused by low oil prices. The term of the Mäjilis would have expired in the fall of 2016. The result was an expected victory for Nur Otan from the exit polls which won an extra seat while the Ak Zhol Democratic Party and Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan maintained their presence in the Mäjilis. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) complained about lack of "genuine political choice" and "pluralism of opinion in the media." Background From 2014, Kazakhstan had experienced economic crisis as a result of oil price crash in which it is heavily reliant on for revenue and the devaluation of the Kazakhstani tenge that was caused by the country's neighboring and main trading partner of Russi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
2012 Kazakh Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Kazakhstan on 15 January 2012. The result was a victory for the Nur Otan party, which won 83 of the 98 seats in the Mäjilis. However, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) stated that the election "did not meet fundamental principles of democratic elections."OSCE Monitors Criticize Kazakh Vote Failings , 16 January 2012 The elections marked the first time that the second-placed party would gain parliamentary seats irrespective of whether it cleared the 7% |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions (Political party, political parties) among voters. The aim of such systems is that all votes cast contribute to the result so that each representative in an assembly is mandated by a roughly equal number of voters, and therefore all votes have equal weight. Under other election systems, a bare Plurality (voting), plurality or a scant majority in a district are all that are used to elect a member or group of members. PR systems provide balanced representation to different factions, usually defined by parties, reflecting how votes were cast. Where only a choice of parties is allowed, the seats are allocated to parties in proportion to the vote tally or ''vote share'' each party receives. Exact proportionality is never achieved under PR systems, except by chance. The use of elector ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mixed Electoral System
A mixed electoral system is one that uses different Electoral system, electoral systems to elect different seats in a legislature. Most often, this involves a First Past the Post combined with a Proportional representation, proportional component. The results of the combination may be Mixed-member proportional representation, mixed-member proportional (MMP), where the overall results of the elections are proportional, or Mixed-member majoritarian representation, mixed-member majoritarian, in which case the overall results are Semi-proportional representation, semi-proportional, retaining disproportionalities from the majoritarian component. Systems that use multiple types of combinations are sometimes called supermixed. Mixed-member systems also often combine local representation (most often Single-member district, single-member constituencies) with regional or national (Multi-member district, multi-member constituencies) representation, having multiple tiers. This also means vote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Central Election Commission (Kazakhstan)
The Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan (CEC RK or CEC, , ҚР OSK; , ЦИК РК) is a state body in Kazakhstan, which heads the unified system of election commissions. History The OSK was originally formed on 22 September 1989 as the Central Election Commission for Elections and Recall of People's Deputies of the Kazakh SSR by the Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR. It was consisted of 25 people. By the Decree of the President of Kazakhstan of No. 3205, the current Regulation on the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan was approved on 11 November 1996. In 2013, the OSK became a member of the Association of World Election Bodies. Functions In accordance with Article 12 of the Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 28 September 1995 "On elections in the Republic of Kazakhstan", the OSK exercises control over the implementation of the legislation on elections in Kazakhstan; organizes the preparation a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
2007 Kazakh Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Kazakhstan on 18 August 2007 to elected. President Nursultan Nazarbayev's ruling Nur Otan party received 88% of the vote and won all of the available seats (excluding the reserved 9-seat quota for the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan), as none of the six other parties contesting the election had managed to pass the 7% electoral threshold to win seats.Party of Kazakh President Sweeps Seats in Parliament The New York Times, 20 August 2007Kazakh poll gives all seats to Nazarbayev Reuters, 20 August 2007 Background On 19 June 2007 50 of the 77 deputies ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Party-list Proportional Representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered Political party, political parties, with each party being Apportionment (politics), allocated a certain number of seats Apportionment (politics), roughly proportional to their share of the vote. In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (Closed list, closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage). Voting In most party list systems, a voter will only support one party (a Choose-one voting, choose-one ballot). Open list systems may allow voters to suppor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mixed-member Majoritarian Representation
Mixed-member majoritarian representation (MMM) is type of a mixed electoral system combining winner-take-all and proportional methods, where the disproportional results of the winner-take-all part are dominant over the ''proportional'' component. Mixed member majoritarian systems are therefore categorized under ''semi-proportional'' representation, and are usually contrasted with mixed-member ''proportional'' representation (MMP) which aims to provide proportional representation compensation ("top-up") seats. The most common type of MMM system is the ''supplementary member'' (SM) system (a form of parallel voting), whereby representatives are voted into a chamber using at least two different systems independently of each other. Most commonly this combines first-past-the-post (single member plurality) voting (FPTP/SMP) with party-list proportional representation (list-PR). The system has been applied in the election of national parliaments as well as local governments in va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
2007 Amendment To The Constitution Of Kazakhstan
The 2007 amendment to the Constitution of Kazakhstan modified Constitution of Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan's basic law, on May 18, 2007. The changes followed the conclusion of the activities of the 'State Commission on Democratization' formed two years previously. In a speech on 16 May 16 to the joint session of the chambers of Parliament of Kazakhstan, Parliament, President Nursultan Nazarbayev summarized the development of Kazakhstan since independence in 1991, and outlined his proposed constitutional changes. The main changes proposed by the President were as follows: *The reduction of the presidential term from 7-years to 5-years, coming into effect after the next election in 2012 *To adopt proportional representation for the Majilis, or lower Chamber of Deputies *To increase the number of Senate of Kazakhstan, senators selected by the President (government title), President, from 7 to 15 *To give to the Senate the power of consultation on the appointment of a President of the Nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
