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Kalahom
Chatusadom or Catustambha ( , literally "Four Pillars" from Sanskrit language, Sanskrit ''Catur'' "Four" + ''Stambha'' "Pillars") was the Thai system of central executive governance during the Ayutthaya Kingdom, Thonburi Kingdom and Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932), Rattanakosin Kingdom from 1454 to 1892. For about four hundred years, it had served as the constitution of central government of Siam or Thailand until King Chulalongkorn organized ''Chatusadom'' into modern List of government ministries of Thailand, ministries and officially established the Cabinet of Thailand, Cabinet on April 1, 1892. The ''Chatusadom'' system King Borommatrailokkanat, Trailokanat promulgated the constitution of ''Chatusadom'' in his Palatine Law, or ''Phra aiyakan tamnaeng na phonlaruean'' (), with the promulgation date being 1454. The original written law had been lost, however. ''Chatusadom'' went through subsequent amendments over time and King Rama I enacted the Palatine Law in the Three Seal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)
The Rattanakosin Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of Siam after 1855, refers to the Siamese kingdom between 1782 and 1932. It was founded in 1782 with the History of Bangkok#Rattanakosin, establishment of Rattanakosin (Bangkok), which replaced the city of Thonburi Kingdom, Thonburi as the capital of Siam. This article covers the period until the Siamese revolution of 1932. The kingdom governed based on the Mandala (political model), mandala system. This allows for high-autonomy locally with the kingdom influencing and effectively rule its area of suzerainty. At its zenith in 1805-1812, the Kingdom was composed of Administrative divisions of Thailand#Muang Prathetsarat, 25 polities, ranging from duchies and principalities to federations and kingdoms. With the furthest extent reaching Shan States, the Shan States, southern Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, Laos, Cambodia, northern Si Rat Malai, Malaysia, Sip Song Chau Tai, northwestern Vietnam, and Kawthaung, K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayutthaya Kingdom
The Ayutthaya Kingdom or the Empire of Ayutthaya was a Thai people, Thai kingdom that existed in Southeast Asia from 1351 to 1767, centered around the city of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city), Ayutthaya, in Siam, or present-day Thailand. European travellers in the early 16th century called Ayutthaya one of the three great powers of Asia (alongside Vijayanagara Empire, Vijayanagara and China). The Ayutthaya Kingdom is considered to be the precursor of modern Thailand, and its developments are an important part of the history of Thailand. The name Ayutthaya originates from Ayodhya (Ramayana), Ayodhya, a Sanskrit word. This connection stems from the Ramakien, Thailand's national epic. The Ayutthaya Kingdom emerged from the Mandala (political model), mandala or merger of three maritime city-states on the Lower Chao Phraya Valley in the late 13th and 14th centuries (Lopburi province, Lopburi, Suphan Buri province, Suphanburi, and Ayutthaya). The early kingdom was a maritime confedera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borommakot
King Borommakot (, ) or King Maha Thammarachathirat II () was the king of Ayutthaya from 1733 to 1758. His reign was the last blooming period of Ayutthaya as the kingdom would fall nine years after his death.Chakrabongse, C., 1960, Lords of Life, London: Alvin Redman Limited "His reign of 25 years is important for being the last peaceful period of Ayudhya during which literature with the arts and crafts flurished." However, the king himself was known for "cruelty to people and animals alike," with seven of his sons meeting violent deaths. Much of what survives in Ayutthaya today dates back to Borommakot's massive renovations of Ayutthaya temples in the second quarter of the 18th century. King Rama I attempted to emulate the religious customs of Ayutthaya during Borommakot's reign in the early Bangkok period and even postponed his coronation until he was certain that his coronation was confidently modelled off of Borommakot's coronation. Ayutthya civil war Prince Phon () was the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chulalongkorn
Chulalongkorn (20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910), posthumously honoured as King Chulalongkorn the Great, was the fifth king of Siam from the Chakri dynasty, titled Rama V. Chulalongkorn's reign from 1868 until his death in 1910 was characterised by the modernisation of Siam, governmental and social reforms, and territorial concessions to the British and French empires. As Siam was surrounded by European colonies, Chulalongkorn, through his policies and acts, ensured the independence of Siam. Chulalongkorn was born as the son of Mongkut, the fourth king of Siam. In 1868, he travelled with his father and Westerners invited by Mongkut to observe the solar eclipse of 18 August 1868 in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. However, Chulalongkorn and his father both contracted malaria which resulted in his father's death. The 1893 Franco-Siamese crisis and Haw wars took place during his reign. All his reforms were dedicated to ensuring Siam's independence given the increasing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Seals Law
The ''Three Seals Law'' or ''Three Seals Code'' (; ) is a collection of law texts compiled in 1805 on the orders of King Rama I of Siam. Most of the texts were laws from the Ayutthaya era which had survived the destruction of Ayutthaya in 1767. The compilation remained the working law of Siam until partially replaced by modern law codes in the early 20th century. The texts are an important source for the history of the Ayutthaya Kingdom and legal history in Asia. Parts of the ''Three Seals Law'' are still in force, according to a ruling of the Supreme Court of Justice of Thailand in 1978. Prachumyat 2013, pp. 63–64 Background King Rama I paid attention to the preservation of Thai texts that had survived the destruction of Ayutthaya in 1767, including the royal chronicles and religious texts. Shortly after completing a revision of the Tipiṭaka, the Buddhist canonical scriptures, in 1804, he turned his attention to the laws. After a court awarded a divorce to a woman, Amd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borommatrailokkanat
Borommatrailokkanat (, , ) or Trailok (1431–1488) was the king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom from 1448 to 1488. He was one of many monarchs who gained the epithet ''King of White Elephants'' (). He was the first Thai king to possess a "noble" or white elephant, which, according to Buddhist belief, was a "glorious and happy sign". His reign was also known for massive reforms of Thai bureaucracy and a successful campaign against the Lan Na Kingdom to the north. He was revered as one of the greatest monarchs of Thailand. King of Sukhothai Prince Ramesuan (not to be confused with King Ramesuan r. 1369–1370) was born in 1431 to King Borommarachathirat II or Chao Sam Phraya. Some authors claim that his mother was a princess of the Sukhothai Kingdom, daughter of Sai Lue Thai. According to historian Michael Vickery, however, this is not verifiable in historic sources and may be due to a misreading or misinterpretation of a chronicle. Be that as it may, Ramesuan was born at a time when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nakhon Si Thammarat
Nakhon Si Thammarat (, ; from ) is a city municipality (''thesaban nakhon'') located in Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat, the capital of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Nakhon Si Thammarat Province is situated in the South of Thailand. It is about south of Bangkok, on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. The city was the administrative centre of Southern Thailand during most of its history. Originally, a coastal city, silting moved the coastline away from the city. The city has a much larger north to south extension than west to east, which dates back to its original location on a flood-save dune. The modern city centre on the train station is north of Old Town. As of 2019, the city had a population of 102,152. Toponymy Thai honorific ''Sri'' or ''Si'' from Sanskrit Shri; , from Dharma; , from Raja. ''Dharmarāja'' means "righteous ruler", an important Theravada concept. History Nakhon Si Thammarat is one of the oldest cities in Thailand with a rich history. The earliest settle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thonburi Kingdom
The Thonburi Kingdom was a major Thai people, Siamese kingdom which existed in Southeast Asia from 1767 to 1782, centered around the city of Thonburi, in Siam or present-day Thailand. The kingdom was founded by Taksin, who reunited Siam following the collapse of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, which saw the country separate into five warring regional states. The Thonburi Kingdom oversaw the rapid reunification and reestablishment of Siam as a preeminient military power within mainland Southeast Asia, overseeing the country's expansion to its greatest territorial extent up to that point in its history, incorporating Lan Na, the Lao people, Laotian kingdoms (Kingdom of Luang Phrabang, Luang Phrabang, Kingdom of Vientiane, Vientiane, Kingdom of Champasak, Champasak), and Post-Angkor Period, Cambodia under the Siamese Mandala (political model), sphere of influence. The Thonburi Kingdom saw the consolidation and continued growth of Chinese trade from Qing China, a continuation from the late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bodindecha
''Chao Phraya'' Bodindecha (, , 13 January 1776 – 24 June 1849), personal name Sing Sinhaseni (), was a prominent military figure of the early Rattanakosin Kingdom period during the reign of King Rama III. Bodindecha hold the post of ''Samuha Nayok'' () the Prime Minister of Northern Siam from 1827 to 1849. He was known for his leading roles in putting down the Laotian Rebellion of King Anouvong of Vientiane () and Siamese-Vietnamese Wars in 1831–1834 and 1841–1845 (). His descendants bear the surname Sinhaseni (). Life Bodindecha was born on 13 January 1776 in modern Phra Nakhon District during the Thonburi Kingdom period, with personal name Sing (lit. "Lion"), as the fourth child to Chaophraya Aphairacha Pin. His mother was Lady Fug. His father, Chaophraya Aphairacha Pin, had served as ''Samuha Kalahom'' () the Prime Minister of Southern Siam from 1805 to 1809 during the reign of King Rama I. Aphairacha had his son Sing become a royal page of Prince Isaras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prasat Thong
Prasat ThongThe Royal Institute. List of monarchs Ayutthaya''. (, ; c. 1599–1655; 1629–1655) was the first king of the Prasat Thong dynasty, the fourth dynasty of the Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom. Before being king, he defeated a rebellion led by the Songtham, king's son Phra Sisin by working with Japanese mercenary Yamada Nagamasa. He gained power in 1629 by attacking the palace and placed a Athittayawong, puppet king who he would later execute. Under his reign, he subjugated Post-Angkor period, Cambodia but lost Siam's Northern principalities. Origin Accounts vary on the origin of Prasat Thong. While traditional Thailand, Thai historians hold that he was an illegitimate son of King Ekathotsarot, Jeremias van Vliet's account states that he was the maternal cousin of King Songtham – his father was ''Okya'' Sithammathirat (), elder brother of the mother of King Songtham. He was born during the reign of King Naresuan around 1599 and was known to have caused mischief in the roya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phetracha
Phetracha (alternative spellings: ''Bedraja'', ''P'etraja'', ''Petraja'', ''Petratcha''; also called ''Phra Phetracha''; , ; 1632– 5 February 1703) was a king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, usurping the throne from his predecessor King Narai and originally settled in Phluluang Village. His dynasty, the Ban Phlu Luang dynasty, was the last ruling house of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.Reid, Anthony (Editor), Dhiravat na Prombeja, ''Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era'', Cornell University Press, 1993, Originally a member of King Narai's extended family (two of his relatives were among Narai's wives), he was a trusted councilor of Narai, and the Director-General of the Royal Department of Elephants. However, in 1688 he led the Siamese revolution of 1688, had Narai's heirs executed, and by marrying Narai's only daughter took the throne of Ayutthaya kingdom upon Narai's death. He opposed the pro-French policies of Narai, ejecting the French officers and some other French citizens from the ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
