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JŽ Series 410
Yugoslav Railways (; sr-Cyrl-Latn, Југословенске железнице, Jugoslovenske železnice, separator=" / "; ; ), with standard acronym ( in Cyrillic script, Cyrillic), was the state railway company of Yugoslavia, operational from the 1920s to the 1990s, with its final incarnation transferring to Serbia. The successor of JŽ is the joint stock company of the Serbian Railways in 2006. History The company was first founded as the National Railways of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (SCS) by incorporating the already existing railway companies and assets in 1918. It became a founding member of the International Union of Railways in 1922, receiving List of UIC country codes, UIC country code 72. In 1929, it was renamed along with the country to Yugoslav State Railways (JDŽ). As Yugoslavia underwent World War II in Yugoslavia, occupation and partition by Axis powers during 1941, Yugoslav State Railways ceased to exist and its rolling stock was divide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government-owned Corporation
A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a business entity created or owned by a national or local government, either through an executive order or legislation. SOEs aim to generate profit for the government, prevent private sector monopolies, provide goods at lower prices, implement government policies, or serve remote areas where private businesses are scarce. The government typically holds full or majority ownership and oversees operations. SOEs have a distinct legal structure, with financial and developmental goals, like making services more accessible while earning profit (such as a state railway). They can be considered as government-affiliated entities designed to meet commercial and state capitalist objectives. Terminology The terminology around the term state-owned enterprise is murky. All three words in the term are challenged and subject to interpretation. First, it is debatable what the term "state" implies (e.g., it is unclear whether municipally owned corporations and ente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemins De Fer Orientaux
The Chemins de fer Orientaux (English: Oriental Railway; or ''İstanbul-Viyana Demiryolu'') (reporting mark: CO) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman railway company operating in Rumelia (the European part of the Ottoman Empire, corresponding to the Balkans, Balkan peninsula) and later Eastern Thrace, European Turkey, from 1870 to 1937.History of the CO - ''trainsofturkey.com'' The CO was one of the five pioneer railways in the Ottoman Empire and built the main trunk line in the Balkans. Between 1889 and 1937, the railway hosted the world-famous Orient Express. The railway was charted in 1870 to build a line from Istanbul to Vienna. Because of many political problems in the Balkans, construction started and stopped and ownership changed or split often. Not until 1888 did the CO complete its objective, but after the First Balkan War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of The Serbs, Croats And Slovenes
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe, Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 to 1929, it was officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, but the term "Yugoslavia" () has been its colloquial name as early as 1922 due to its origins. "Kraljevina Jugoslavija! Novi naziv naše države. No, mi smo itak med seboj vedno dejali Jugoslavija, četudi je bilo na vseh uradnih listih Kraljevina Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev. In tudi drugi narodi, kakor Nemci in Francozi, so pisali že prej v svojih listih mnogo o Jugoslaviji. 3. oktobra, ko je kralj Aleksander podpisal "Zakon o nazivu in razdelitvi kraljevine na upravna območja", pa je bil naslov kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev za vedno izbrisan." (Naš rod ("Our Generation", a monthly Slovene language periodical), Ljubljana 1929/30, št. 1, str. 22, letnik I.) The official name of the state was changed to "Kingdom of Yugoslavia" by King Alexander I of Yugosla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Map Railroads Kingdom SHS
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension. Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the , wherein ''mappa'' meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and ''mundi'' 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface. History Maps have been one of the most important human inventions for millennia, allowing humans t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugoslavia
, common_name = Yugoslavia , life_span = 1918–19921941–1945: World War II in Yugoslavia#Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia, Axis occupation , p1 = Kingdom of SerbiaSerbia , flag_p1 = State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg , p2 = Kingdom of MontenegroMontenegro , flag_p2 = Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg , p3 = State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs , flag_p3 = Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg , p4 = Austria-Hungary , flag_p4 = Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg , p7 = Free State of FiumeFiume , flag_p7 = Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg , s1 = Croatia , flag_s1 = Flag of Croatia (1990).svg , s2 = Slovenia , flag_s2 = Flag of Slovenia.svg , s3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrillic Script
The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic languages, Slavic, Turkic languages, Turkic, Mongolic languages, Mongolic, Uralic languages, Uralic, Caucasian languages, Caucasian and Iranian languages, Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia, and used by many other minority languages. , around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the Languages of the European Union#Writing systems, European Union, following the Latin script, Latin and Greek alphabet, Greek alphabets. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trainkos
Trainkos is a private railway company based in Kosovo that also serves as the national rail carrier of the country. Established in 2011 alongside Infrakos, the two companies are the successors of Kosovo Railways, a public company that was split up and privatized. Trainkos offers rail service for both passengers and freight. History The first railway line in Kosovo was built in 1873 under Turkey, Turkish guidance for the Chemins de fer Orientaux, Compagnie des Chemins de Fer Orientaux (CO), led by Maurice de Hirsch. It started in Thessaloniki, went on north to Skopje and reached Mitrovica, Kosovo, Mitrovica. The railway was used by the Ottomans until 1912, and after the Balkan Wars, it was used by the Serbian Railways until 1918, and then the Yugoslav Railways between 1918 and 1992. Serbian Railways stopped their operations in Kosovo after the Kosovo War in 1999 and then United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, UNMIK established the public company Kosovo Railway ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montenegro Railways
Rail transport in Montenegro is operated by four separate companies, which independently handle railway infrastructure, passenger transport, cargo transport and maintenance of the rolling stock. The four companies were a part of public company ''Railways of Montenegro'' (Montenegrin language, Montenegrin: Željeznica Crne Gore / Жељезница Црне Горе (ŽCG)) until it was split up in 2008. Montenegro is an associate member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Montenegro is 62. Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro (Montenegrin language, Montenegrin: Жељезничка Инфраструктура Црне Горе / Željeznička Infrastruktura Crne Gore (ŽICG)) is a joint-stock company that handles operation and maintenance of the railway infrastructure in Montenegro. History The first railway line within the territory that today belongs to Montenegro was a narrow-gauge () railway line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railways Of The Federation Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
Railways of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Željeznice Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine, Жељезнице Федерације Босне и Херцеговине; abbr. or ) is the railway company of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the two rail companies of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the other is the Railways of Republika Srpska, ŽRS, operating in the Republika Srpska). The company operates 608 km of railroad. Overview The company, public and owned by the government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation, was founded in 2001 by the fusion of some public enterprises with the company Railways of Herzeg-Bosnia, ŽHB. The network is 601 km long, out of which 392 km is electrified and is built in standard gauge. CIA World Fact Book, 2009 After extensive r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republika Srpska Railways
Railways of Republika Srpska (; abbr. or ) is the railway company of Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the two rail companies in the country (the other is the ŽFBH, operating in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina). The company operates of railroad. History The company was established around 1991 as ''Željeznice Srpske'', from the Bosnian elements of Yugoslav Railways. The company was renamed Željeznice Republike Srpske after the Dayton Accord formally formed Republika Srpska. Organizational chart *Dragan Savanović (Director General) *Dragan Subašić (Exec. Dir. for Infrastructure) *Draženko Todorović (Exec. Dir. for Railway Operations) *Branislav Đurica (Executive Director for Economy Affairs) *Milenko Bilić (Exec. Dir. for Legal Affairs and Human Resources) Rolling stock Electrical Locomotives Diesel Locomotives Electric Multiple Unit Diesel Multiple Unit Wagons ŽRS has made a contract for 200 wagons with Polish company EK ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rail Transport In Bosnia And Herzegovina
Railway operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina are successors of the Yugoslav Railways within the country boundaries following independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia in March 1992. Overview The two companies operating services (in their respective divisions following the Dayton Agreement) are: *Railways of Republika Srpska (ŽRS), which operates in Republika Srpska *Railways of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ŽFBH), which operates in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Railways of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Railways of Republika Srpska have been members of International Union of Railways (UIC) since 1992 and 1998, respectively. They were assigned separate UIC Country Code, 44 for the Republika Srpska and 50 for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The new code for Bosnia and Herzegovina is 49. History The railway system in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Austro-Hungarian period was shaped by military, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makedonski Železnici
Makedonski Železnici (MŽ; , "Macedonian Railways") was the public enterprise for railways in North Macedonia. In 2007 it was split into railway operation company Železnici na Republika Severna Makedonija Transport and the infrastructure company Makedonski Železnici Infrastruktura. The Republic of North Macedonia is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for the Republic of North Macedonia is 65. Macedonian Railways operates rail tracks in North Macedonia and maintains of lines, of which are Railway electrification system, electrified with the 25 kV AC, 25 kV 50 Hz AC system. Trains Macedonian Railways Transport operates a large number of train sets, which consist of passenger trains (diesel and electric trains) and freight trains. A contract for the purchase of 6 new passenger train sets, manufactured by China's CRRC Corporation at the Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works, was signed in 2014. The fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
