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José De León Toral
José de León Toral (December 23, 1900 – February 9, 1929) was a Mexican Roman Catholic who assassinated General Alvaro Obregón, then- president elect of Mexico, in 1928. Early life León Toral was born in Matehuala, San Luis Potosí, into a family of Catholic miners. He moved to Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution and witnessed General Obregón closing churches and arresting priests who were suspected of supporting ex-President Victoriano Huerta. In 1920, he joined the National League for the Defense of Religious Freedom, which opposed the governments of Obregón (1920–1924) and Plutarco Elías Calles, and he reportedly was also involved in the Cristero War. Background During the Calles administration, religious persecution of the Catholic Church in Mexico greatly expanded in 1926 under the Calles Law, which provided for the execution of priests and other individuals who violated provisions of the 1917 Constitution. Wearing clerical garb in public outside chu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matehuala
Matehuala is a city in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí, situated at an elevation of about 1,500 m. Matehuala is also the municipal seat of the municipality of the same name, located in the northern part of the state, on the border with the southwestern corner of Nuevo León. The municipality of Matehuala has a population of 102,199, and an area of . History Pre-Colonial Prior to the arrival of the Spanish, the Potosi Plateau region was inhabited by the indigenous Guachichiles, a group of Chichimeca peoples that occupied the southern and central portions of the Mexican Plateau. A nomadic people, they generally lived in small mobile villages and were primarily hunter-gatherers, making them experts of the local herbs and vegetation in the arid region. The Guachichiles were known as fierce warriors. Colonial Some sources claim that the name "Matehuala" was derived from a warning war cry of the Guachichiles that translates to "do not come ere" In the early 16th ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plutarco Elías Calles
Plutarco Elías Calles (born Francisco Plutarco Elías Campuzano; 25 September 1877 – 19 October 1945) was a Mexican politician and military officer who served as the 47th President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928. After the assassination of Álvaro Obregón, Elías Calles founded the Institutional Revolutionary Party and held unofficial power as Mexico's de facto leader from 1929 to 1934, a period known as the Maximato. Previously, he served as a general in the Constitutional Army, as Governor of Sonora, Secretariat of the Navy, Secretary of War, and Secretariat of the Interior, Secretary of the Interior. During the Maximato, he served as Secretariat of Public Education, Secretary of War again, and Secretariat of the Economy, Secretary of the Economy. During his presidency, he implemented many left-wing populist and secularism, secularist reforms, opposition to which sparked the Cristero War. Born on 25 September 1877 in Sonora in the Mexican Revolution, Sonora, Elías Calles fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aarón Sáenz Garza
Aarón Sáenz Garza (1 June 1891 – 26 February 1983) was a Mexican politician. Biography He was born in Monterrey, Nuevo León. Sáenz Garza served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico), Secretary of Foreign Affairs during Calles' time as president. During his tenure, he continuously defended the Calles Administration's decision to cut oil to the United States when US Secretary of State Frank Kellog tried to bargain for a deal. He soon became Governor of Nuevo León and maintained close ties with Calles; as governor, he even sat with Calles when he questioned the assassin of President-elect Alvaro Obregon in 1928. It was also announced that Calles had plans to nominate him as the Chairman of the National Revolutionary Party. President of Mexico, President Pascual Ortiz Rubio appointed him Secretary of Education (Mexico), Secretary of Public Education in February 1930. By 1934, Saenz had been dubbed as the "Shadow of Calles" and was named Governor of Mexico's Federal Dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Ángel
San Ángel is a ''Colonia (Mexico), colonia'' (neighborhood) located in the southwest of Mexico City in Álvaro Obregón, Mexico City, Álvaro Obregón borough. Historically it was a rural community called Tenanitla in the pre-Hispanic period. Its current name is derived from the El Carmen monastery school called San Ángel Mártir. It remained a rural community centered on the monastery until the 19th and 20th centuries when the monastery closed and the area joined the urban sprawl of Mexico City. The area still contains many historic buildings, and El Carmen is one of the most visited museums in the city. Its annual flower fair, '' Feria de las Flores '', has been held since 1856. In 1934 San Ángel was declared a ''Pueblo Típico Pintoresco'' (Picturesque Typical Town); in 1987 it was declared a historical monument zone. Geography San Ángel is located in the southwest of the Federal District of Mexico along the southern end of Avenida Insurgentes, bordering the Ciudad Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concepción Acevedo De La Llata
Concepción (Spanish for ''conception'') refers to the Immaculate Conception of Mary, mother of Jesus, according to Roman Catholic Church doctrine. Concepción or Concepcion may also refer to: Geography Argentina *Concepción, Catamarca, a village * Concepción, Corrientes, a town * Concepción, Tucumán, a city * Concepción de Buena Esperanza, dead city in Chaco province * Concepción de la Sierra, Misiones Province, a village *Concepción del Bermejo, Chaco, a village *Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Ríos, a city * Concepción Department, Argentina, Corrientes Bolivia *Concepción, Santa Cruz, a town *Concepción Lake, Chiqui, a lake in Chiquitos Province Chile * Bay of Concepción *Concepción, Chile *Concepción Province, Chile *Greater Concepción * Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Concepción Colombia *Concepción, Antioquia *Concepción, Santander Costa Rica *Concepción District, Alajuelita Guatemala *Concepción, Sololá * Concepción Chiquirichapa *Concepción Huista * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miguel Pro
José Ramón Miguel Agustín Pro Juárez, also known as Blessed Miguel Pro, SJ (January 13, 1891 – November 23, 1927) was a Mexican Jesuit priest executed under the presidency of Plutarco Elías Calles on the false charges of bombing and attempted assassination of former Mexican President Álvaro Obregón. Pro's arrest, without a trial or evidential support, gained prominence during the Cristero War. Known for his religious piety and innocence, he was beatified in Rome on September 25, 1988, by Pope John Paul II as a Catholic martyr, killed ''in odium fidei'' ("in hatred of the faith"). Historical background At the time of Pro's death, Mexico was ruled by fiercely anti-clerical and anti-Catholic President Plutarco Elías Calles who had begun what writer Graham Greene called the "fiercest persecution of religion anywhere since the reign of Elizabeth." Childhood Miguel Pro, whose full name was José Ramón Miguel Agustín, was born into a mining family on January 13, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humberto Pro
Humberto is a Portuguese and Spanish masculine given name of Germanic origin. Notable people with this name include: A *Humberto Aguilar Coronado *Humberto Ak'ab'al * Humberto Albornoz * Humberto Alonso Morelli * Humberto Alonso Razo *Humberto Álvarez Machaín * Humberto Andrade Quezada *Humberto André Redes Filho * Humberto Anguiano * Humberto de Araújo Benevenuto * Humberto Arencibia *Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco * Humberto Aspitia B * Humberto Ballesteros * Humberto Barbosa * Humberto Bedford *Humberto Benítez Treviño *Humberto Biazotti * Humberto Blasco * Humberto Brenes *Humberto Briceño *Humberto Briseño Sierra C *Humberto Calzada *Humberto de Campos *Humberto Carrillo *Humberto Castellanos *Humberto Castro *Humberto Cervantes Vega *Humberto Clayber *Humberto Coelho *Humberto Contreras * Humberto Costa * Humberto Costantini * Humberto Cota *Humberto Cruz * Humberto Curi D * Humberto De la Calle *Humberto Delgado * Humberto Domingo Mayans * Humberto Donoso * Humberto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puppet Leader
A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is ''de jure'' independent but '' de facto'' completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders.Compare: Puppet states have nominal sovereignty, except that a foreign power effectively exercises control through economic or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside power evades all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralysing the local government they tolerate. Puppet states differ from allies, who choose their actions of their own initiative or in accordance with treaties they have voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into legally endorsing actions already taken by a foreign power. Characteristics Puppet states are "endowed with the outward symbols of authority", such as a name, flag, anthem, constitution, law codes, motto, and government, but in reality, are appendages of another state which creates, sponsors or ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chihuahua (state)
Chihuahua, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chihuahua, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is located in the northwestern part of Mexico and is bordered by the states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the southwest, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east. To the north and northeast, it shares an extensive U.S.–Mexico border, border with the U.S. adjacent to the U.S. states of New Mexico and Texas. The state was named after its capital city, Chihuahua City; the largest city is Ciudad Juárez. In 1864 the city of Chihuahua was declared capital of Mexico by Benito Juárez, Benito Juarez during the Reform War and French intervention. The city of Parral, Chihuahua, Parral was the largest producer of silver in the world in 1640. During the Mexican War of Independence, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, Miguel Hidalgo was executed on July 30, 1811, in Chihuahua city. Although C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Peso
The Mexican peso (Currency symbol, symbol: $; ISO 4217, currency code: MXN; also abbreviated Mex$ to distinguish it from peso, other peso-denominated currencies; referred to as the peso, Mexican peso, or colloquially varo) is the official currency of Mexico. The peso was first introduced in 1863, replacing the old Spanish colonial real. The Mexican peso is subdivided into 100 ''centavos'', represented by "cent sign, ¢". Mexican banknotes are issued by the Bank of Mexico in various denominations and feature vibrant colors and imagery representing Mexican culture and history. Modern peso and dollar currencies have a common origin in the 16th–19th century Spanish dollar, most continuing to use dollar sign, its sign, "$". The current ISO 4217 code for the peso is ''MXN''; the "N" refers to the "new peso". Prior to the #Nuevo peso, 1993 revaluation, the code ''MXP'' was used. The Mexican peso is the 16th most traded currency in the world, the third most traded currency from the A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calles Law
The Calles Law (), or Law for Reforming the Penal Code (''ley de tolerancia de cultos'', "law of worship tolerance"), was a statute enacted in Mexico in 1926, under the presidency of Plutarco Elías Calles, to enforce restrictions against the Catholic Church in Article 130 of the Mexican Constitution of 1917. Article 130 declared that the church and state are to remain separate. To that end, it required all "churches and religious groupings" to register with the state and placed restrictions on priests and ministers of all religions. Priests and ministers were prohibited from holding public office, canvassing on behalf of political parties or candidates, or inheriting property from persons other than close blood relatives. President Calles applied existing laws regarding the separation of church and state throughout Mexico and added his own legislation. In June 1926, he signed the "Law for Reforming the Penal Code", which became known unofficially as the "Calles Law." This la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
