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John Of Montfort, Lord Of Tyre
John of Montfort (; died 27 November 1283) was lord of Toron from 1257 to 1266 and Lord of Tyre from 1270 to 1283. He was the son of Philip of Montfort (lord of La Ferté-Alais, of Bréthencourt, of Castres, of Toron and of Tyre), and his second wife Maria of Antioch-Armenia (the elder daughter of Raymond-Roupen of Antioch and hence Lady of Toron and pretender of Armenia). When he came of age, he received the lordship of Toron from his father, but the Mamluks conquered it in 1266. On 22 September 1268 he married Margaret, daughter of Henry of Antioch and of Isabella of Cyprus. Margaret was the sister of king Hugh III of Cyprus, who later became king of Jerusalem and negotiated a certain number of alliances with the nobility of the kingdom in order to shore up his pretence against Charles I of Sicily. On the occasion of this marriage, Hugh III confirmed Montfort's possession of Tyre but reserved the throne's right to retake the fiefdom if John and Margaret died without issue. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugh III Of Cyprus
Hugh III (; – 24 March 1284), also called Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan and the Great, was the king of Cyprus (as Hugh III) from 1267 and king of Jerusalem (as Hugh I) from 1268. Born into the family of the princes of Antioch, he effectively ruled as regent for underage kings Hugh II of Cyprus and Conrad III of Jerusalem for several years. Prevailing over the claims of his cousin Hugh of Brienne, he succeeded both young monarchs upon their deaths and appeared poised to be an effective political and military leader. As the first king of Jerusalem to reside in the kingdom since the 1220s, Hugh tried to restore the royal domain, reassert royal authority over the increasingly independent mainland vassals, and prevent further loss of territory to the Egyptian Mamluks. Marital alliances brought to him steadfast loyalty of the most powerful noble families, the Ibelins and the Montforts, but his efforts on the mainland were doomed to failure by the hostility of the Venetian mercha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Montfort
The House of Montfort was a medieval French noble house that eventually found its way to the Kingdom of England and originated the famous Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. However, his father, Simon de Monfort the Elder, who led the French Crusaders during the Albigensian Crusade, is far more notorious in France and among military medievalists. The family began when Hugh Capet granted a petty lordship to Guillaume de Montfort in the Île-de-France. His successors were to be the vassals of the counts of Beaumont. Guillaume's son, Amaury began building a castle that would eventually become the eponymous Montfort-l'Amaury. The project, however, was incomplete when he died , but his son, Simon, finished it in 1067. His great-grandson, Simon IV would eventually marry the heiress of Leicester, and their son, Simon V would become the first Montfort earl of Leicester. During the 13th century the family lost its ancestral seat of Montfort-l'Amaury to the House of Dreu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christians Of Lord Edward's Crusade
A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words ''Christ (title), Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title (), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term ''mashiach'' () (usually rendered as ''messiah'' in English). While there are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict, they are united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance. The term ''Christian'' used as an adjective is descriptive of anything associated with Christianity or Christian churches, or in a proverbial sense "all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like." According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.3 billion Christians around the world, up from about 600 million in 1910. Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, about 26% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1283 Deaths
Year 1283 ( MCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * June 1 – Treaty of Rheinfelden: The 11-year-old Rudolf II is forced to relinquish his claim on the Duchies of Austria and Styria to his elder brother, Albert I. According to the terms of the agreement, concluded at the Imperial City of Rheinfelden (modern Switzerland), Rudolf receives some territories in Further Austria in return. * June 29 – Sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq sets out for a punitive expedition and marches from Córdoba to Jaén and Úbeda, and then northwards through difficult terrain. On the third day after crossing ''al-burt'', the Marinid forces attack Montiel (a fortress belonging to the Order of Santiago) and Almedina. * July 8 – Battle of Malta: An Aragonese fleet (some 20 galleys) under Admiral Roger of Lauria attacks and defeats the Angevin ships in the Grand Harbour, sent to help put down a rebellion on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humphrey Of Montfort (died 1284)
Humphrey of Montfort (died 12 February 1284) was a nobleman of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Humphrey was the second son of Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre by his second wife Maria of Antioch-Armenia, Lady of Toron. On 1 October 1274, Humphrey married Eschive d'Ibelin (1253–1312), daughter of John d'Ibelin, Lord of Beirut and his wife Alice de la Roche sur l'Ognon. Their children were: *three sons and a daughter, all of whom died young *Amaury of Montfort (died 1304) *Rupen of Montfort (died 1313) In 1282, upon the death of his sister-in-law Isabella of Ibelin, Eschive succeeded her as lady of Beirut. When Humphrey's older brother Jean died in 1283, Humphrey was allowed to succeed to Jean's Lordship of Tyre by King Hugh III of Cyprus, who had a few years earlier confirmed the Montforts in their possessions of Tyre but reserved the right to re-take the fiefdom if Jean died without issue. However, upon Humphrey's death 6 months later, the new king Henry II retook the fiefdom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyre, Lebanon
Tyre (; ; ; ; ) is a city in Lebanon, and one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It was one of the earliest Phoenician metropolises and the legendary birthplace of Europa (consort of Zeus), Europa, her brothers Cadmus and Phoenix (son of Agenor), Phoenix, and Carthage's founder Dido (Elissa). The city has many ancient sites, including the Tyre Hippodrome, and was added as a whole to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1984. The historian Ernest Renan noted that "One can call Tyre a city of ruins, built out of ruins". Tyre is the fifth-largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli, Lebanon, Tripoli, Sidon, and Baalbek. It is the capital of the Tyre District in the South Governorate. There were approximately 200,000 inhabitants in the Tyre urban area in 2016, including many refugees, as the city hosts three of the twelve Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon: Burj el-Shamali, Burj El Shimali, El-Buss refugee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Assassins
The Order of Assassins (; ) were a Nizari Isma'ilism, Nizari Isma'ili order that existed between 1090 and 1275 AD, founded by Hasan-i Sabbah, Hasan al-Sabbah. During that time, they lived in the mountains of Persia and the Levant, and held a strict subterfuge policy throughout the Middle East, posing a substantial strategic threat to Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid, Abbasid, and Seljuk Empire, Seljuk authority, and killing several Christian leaders. Over the course of nearly 200 years, they killed hundreds who were considered enemies of the Nizari Isma'ili state. The modern term assassination is believed to stem from the tactics used by the Assassins. Contemporaneous historians include ibn al-Qalanisi, Ali ibn al-Athir, and Ata-Malik Juvayni. The former two referred to the Assassins as ''batiniyya'', an epithet widely accepted by Isma'ilis themselves. Overview The Assassins were founded by Hassan-i Sabbah. The state was formed in 1090 after the capture of Alamut Castle in the Albo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles I Of Sicily
Charles I (early 1226/12277 January 1285), commonly called Charles of Anjou or Charles d'Anjou, was King of Sicily from 1266 to 1285. He was a member of the royal Capetian dynasty and the founder of the House of Anjou-Sicily. Between 1246 and 1285, he was Count of Provence and County of Forcalquier, Forcalquier in the Holy Roman Empire and Count of Anjou and Count of Maine, Maine in France. In 1272 he was proclaimed Kingdom of Albania (medieval), King of Albania, in 1277 he purchased a claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and in 1278 he became Prince of Achaea after the previous ruler, William of Villehardouin, died without heirs. The youngest son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile, Charles was destined for a Church career until the early 1240s. He acquired Provence and Forcalquier through his marriage to their heiress, Beatrice of Provence, Beatrice. His attempts to restore central authority brought him into conflict with his mother-in-law, Beatrice of Savoy, and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of Jerusalem
The king or queen of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a Crusader state founded in Jerusalem by the Latin Church, Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade, when the city was Siege of Jerusalem (1099), conquered in 1099. Most of them were men, but there were also List of queens of Jerusalem#Queens regnant of Jerusalem, five queens regnant of Jerusalem, either reigning alone ''suo jure'' ("in her own right"), or as coregency, co-rulers of husbands who reigned as kings of Jerusalem ''jure uxoris'' ("by right of his wife"). Godfrey of Bouillon, the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, refused the title of king choosing instead the title , that is Advocate or Defender of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. In 1100 Baldwin I of Jerusalem, Baldwin I, Godfrey's successor, was the first ruler crowned as king. The crusaders in Jerusalem were Siege of Jerusalem (1187), conquered in 1187, but their Kingdom of Jerusalem survived, moving the capital to Acre, Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isabella Of Cyprus
Isabella of Cyprus (died in 1264) was a Cypriotic princess. She was the regent of Kingdom of Jerusalem on behalf of her nephew King Hugh II in 1263-1264. Family Isabella was the daughter of Hugh I, king of Cyprus, and Alice of Champagne, regent of Jerusalem. She married Henry, the youngest son of Prince Bohemond IV of Antioch, 1233. The union was suggested by John of Ibelin, Isabella's granduncle and the leading nobleman of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, when he reconciled with Henry's father following the War of the Lombards. Isabella and Henry had two children, Hugh and Margaret. Along with her son she raised her nephew Hugh of Brienne, son of her deceased elder sister Maria. Regency Isabella's brother, King Henry I of Cyprus, died in 1253. He was succeeded by his minor son, King Hugh II. Hugh was then regarded as heir presumptive of King Conrad III of Jerusalem, who lived in Europe, and was entitled to rule the mainland kingdom too as regent. But since Hugh also required ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord
Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power (social and political), power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the Peerage of the United Kingdom, peerage in the United Kingdom, or are entitled to courtesy titles. The collective "Lords" can refer to a group or body of Peerages in the United Kingdom, peers. Etymology According to the ''Oxford Dictionary of English'', the etymology of the word can be traced back to the Old English language, Old English word ''hlāford'' which originated from ''hlāfweard'' meaning "loaf-ward" or "bread-keeper", reflecting the Germanic tribes, Germanic tribal custom of a Germanic chieftain, chieftain providing food for his followers. The appellation "lord" is primarily applied to men, while for women the appellation "lady" is used. This is no longer universal: the Lord of Mann, a title previously held by Elizabeth II, the Queen o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
