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John Ernest Of Nassau-Siegen (1618–1639)
Count John Ernest of Nassau-Siegen (8 November 1618 Jul. – 23 November 1639), german: Johann Ernst Graf von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: ''Graf zu Nassau, Katzenelnbogen, Vianden und Diez, Herr zu Beilstein'', was a count from the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau. He served as a naval officer in the Dutch West India Company. Biography John Ernest was born at Aβmann & Menk (1996).The other sources that mention a place of birth, state Siegen as place of birth. on 8 November 1618Jul.Huberty, et al. (1981), p. 235. as the seventh and youngest son of Count John VII ‘the Middle’ of Nassau-Siegen and his second wife, Duchess Margaret of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg. He was baptised in Siegen on 10 January 1619Jul. and was named after his eldest halfbrother John Ernest, who died the previous year.Lück & Wunderlich (1956), p. 34. The will and testament of Count John VII ‘the Middl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerard Van Honthorst
Gerard van Honthorst (Dutch: ''Gerrit van Honthorst''; 4 November 1592 – 27 April 1656) was a Dutch Golden Age painter who became known for his depiction of artificially lit scenes, eventually receiving the nickname ''Gherardo delle Notti'' ("Gerard of the Nights"). Early in his career he visited Rome, where he had great success painting in a style influenced by Caravaggio. Following his return to the Netherlands he became a leading portrait painter. Early life Van Honthorst was born in Utrecht, the son of a decorative painter, and trained under his father, and then under Abraham Bloemaert.Brown (1997), p.62 Italy Having completed his education, Honthorst went to Italy, where he is first recorded in 1616. He was one of the artists from Utrecht who went to Rome at around this time, all of whom were to be deeply influenced by the recent art they encountered there. They were named the Utrecht ''caravaggisti''. The other three were Dirk van Baburen, Hendrick ter Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationaal Archief
The Nationaal Archief (NA) is the national archives of the Netherlands, located in The Hague. It houses collections for the central government, the province of South Holland, and the former County of Holland. There is also material from private institutions and individuals with an association to the Dutch government or the political or social history of the Netherlands. The ''Nationaal Archief'' holds the Archives of the Dutch East India Company from 1602–1811, which were, along with related records held by South Africa, India, Sri Lanka and Indonesia, inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme Register in 2003 in recognition of their historical value. Recently, the photographic archives of Spaarnestad Photo were included in the Nationaal Archief. It has been announced that Wikipedia will receive user rights over many photos from these archives. The Netherlands Antilles had a separate Nationaal Archief, which was dissolved when the dissolution of the Netherlands Antil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appanage
An appanage, or apanage (; french: apanage ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a sovereign, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture. It was common in much of Europe. The system of appanage greatly influenced the territorial construction of France and the German states and explains why many of the former provinces of France had coats of arms which were modified versions of the king's arms. Etymology Late Latin , from or 'to give bread' (), a for food and other necessities, hence for a "subsistence" income, notably in kind, as from assigned land. Original appanage: in France History of the French appanage An appanage was a concession of a fief by the sovereign to his younger sons, while the eldest son became king on the death of his father. Appanages were considered as part of the inheritance transmitted to the (French , "later", + , "born asc.) sons; the word (from the Latin comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Frederick Of Nassau-Siegen
Prince George Frederick of Nassau-Siegen (23 February 1606 – 2 October 1674), german: Georg Friedrich Prinz von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: ''Prinz von Nassau, Graf zu Katzenelnbogen, Vianden und Diez, Herr zu Beilstein'', was a count from the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau. In 1664 he was elevated to the rank and title of prince. He served as an officer in the Dutch States Army, and was successively commander of Rheinberg and governor of Bergen op Zoom. Biography George Frederick was born at Dillenburg Castle on 23 February 1606Menk (2004), p. 192.Huberty, et al. (1981), p. 234. as the second son of Count John VII ‘the Middle’ of Nassau-Siegen and his second wife, Duchess Margaret of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg.All sources that mention both parents, name these parents. His full given names were ''George Frederick Louis'', his family called him ''Fritz''.Kooijmans (2000), p. 207.L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William, Count Of Nassau-Siegen
William, Count of Nassau-Siegen (13 August 1592 – 17 July 1642), german: Wilhelm Graf von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: ''Graf zu Nassau, Katzenelnbogen, Vianden und Diez, Herr zu Beilstein'', was Count of Nassau-Siegen, a part of the County of Nassau from 1624 to 1642. A member of the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau, he was a professional soldier who served in the armies of the Hanseatic League and the Republic of Venice, then with the Dutch States Army during the Eighty Years War. Promoted field marshal in 1633, he was successively governor of Emmerich, Heusden and Sluis. Personal details William was born in Dillenburg on 13 August 1592,Huberty, et al. (1981), p. 234. the fifth son of Count John VII ‘the Middle’ of Nassau-Siegen and his first wife, Countess Magdalene of Waldeck-Wildungen.Dek (1970), p. 87.Dek (1968), p. 249.Vorsterman van Oyen (1882), p. 116. He s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netphen
Netphen () is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It lies on the river Sieg, roughly 7 km northeast of Siegen. Geography Location Netphen lies on the Rothaargebirge's southern slope and forms the natural boundary of the ''Wittgensteiner Land''. The municipal area is made up of many dales and mountain ridges. Northeast of the constituent community of Walpersdorf lies the source of the river Sieg and in the Lahnhof – another constituent community whose name takes the definite article – lies the source of the river Lahn. Population development (in each case at 31 December) *1998 – 25,027 *1999 – 25,048 *2000 – 25,034 *2001 – 25,038 *2002 – 25,078 *2003 – 25,117 *2004 – 24,855 Constituent communities Afholderbach This constituent community of Netphen has a population of around 205 as of the 31 of December 2013. The area is around 5.9 km² The first mention of the area was on the 13 of February 1345 as "afelt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hilchenbach
Hilchenbach () is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein '' Kreis'' (district) of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography Location Hilchenbach is about northeast of Siegen. The town borders in the south on Netphen, in the west on Kreuztal, in the north on Kirchhundem and in the east on Erndtebrück. Geology The town's largest flowing body of water is the Ferndorfbach, a tributary to the river Sieg. The municipal area's average elevation is above sea level, with its highest elevation being at at the Riemen, a peak in the Rothaargebirge. Constituent communities The town is made up of the following centres: Allenbach, Dahlbruch, Grund, Hadem, Helberhausen, (Alt-)Hilchenbach (''alt'' means "old"), Lützel, Müsen, Oberndorf, Oechelhausen, Ruckersfeld and Vormwald. The recent political unit of Hilchenbach was founded in 1969. History The town of Hilchenbach was first mentioned in documents in 1292, when it went by the name ''Heylichinbach'' in a donation document from Countess Ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the person, body, or institution that has the ultimate authority over other people in order to establish a law or change an existing law. In political theory, sovereignty is a substantive term designating supreme legitimate authority over some polity. In international law, sovereignty is the exercise of power by a state. '' De jure'' sovereignty refers to the legal right to do so; '' de facto'' sovereignty refers to the factual ability to do so. This can become an issue of special concern upon the failure of the usual expectation that ''de jure'' and ''de facto'' sovereignty exist at the place and time of concern, and reside within the same organization. Etymology The term arises from the unattested Vulgar Latin's ''*superanus'', (itself derived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nassau-Siegen
Nassau-Siegen was a principality within the Holy Roman Empire that existed between 1303 and 1328, and again from 1606 to 1743. From 1626 to 1734, it was subdivided into Catholic and Protestant parts. Its capital was the city of Siegen, founded in 1224 and initially a condominium jointly owned by the archbishopric of Cologne and Nassau. It was located some 50 km east of Cologne, and it contained the modern localities of Freudenberg, Hilchenbach, Kreuztal, Siegen, and Wilnsdorf. First Nassau-Siegen (1303-1328) Nassau-Siegen was first created when the sons of Otto I divided their inheritance: * Henry received Nassau-Siegen * Emicho received Nassau-Hadamar * John received Nassau-Dillenburg John died childless in 1328 and Henry inherited Nassau-Dillenburg. Henry moved to Dillenburg and his descendants are known as the Nassau-Dillenburg line. Second Nassau-Siegen (1606-1743) After John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg died in 1606, Nassau-Dillenburg was divided among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John VIII Of Nassau-Siegen
John VIII, Count of Nassau-Siegen (''Jan'' or ''Johan''; Dillenburg, 29 September 1583 – Ronse, 27 July 1638) was a German nobleman and militarist of the 17th century. Life John VIII, Count of Nassau-Siegen, Katzenelnbogen, Vianden and Dietz, Marquis of Monte-Caballo, Baron of Ronse and Beilstein, was the second son of John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Countess Magdalene of Waldeck-Wildungen. He was educated in Herborn, Kassel and Geneva. In 1610 he participated in the Dutch States Army in the conquest of Jülich. On 25 December 1613, much to the horror of his family, he openly converted to Catholicism and entered in the service of the army of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy. After the death of his elder brother, John Ernest in September 1617, he claimed his rights, but his father chose a Protestant successor. When his father died in 1623, John VIII occupied Nassau-Siegen at the head of a Habsburg Army and started the Contra-Reformation. In 1624 he became a Knig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
City
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be defined as a permanent and densely settled place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, production of goods, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organisations and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving efficiency of goods and service distribution. Historically, city-dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, but following two centuries of unprecedented and rapid urbanization, more than half of the world population now lives in cities, which has had profound consequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freudenberg, Westphalia
Freudenberg is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town lies on the German- Dutch holiday road called the Orange Route, joining towns, cities and regions associated with the House of Orange. Geography Location Freudenberg lies in hilly uplands between 243 and 505 m above sea level. The 17 constituent communities share roughly 55 km², of which two thirds is made up of broadleaf and spruce forest. Constituent communities Besides the main town, which bears the same name as the whole municipality, there are sixteen outlying centres named Alchen, Bottenberg, Bühl, Büschergrund, Dirlenbach, Heisberg, Hohenhain, Lindenberg, Mausbach, Niederheuslingen, Niederholzklau, Niederndorf, Oberfischbach, Oberheuslingen, Oberholzklau and Plittershagen. Among these, the main town is the biggest, and the next in size after that is Büschergrund, which is itself further subdivided into four parts, named Büschen, Eichen, A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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