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Johann Reinhard II, Count Of Hanau-Lichtenberg
Count Johann Reinhard II of Hanau-Lichtenberg ( in Bouxwiller – 25 April 1666 in Bischofsheim am Hohen Steg) was a younger son of Count Philipp Wolfgang of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1595–1641) and Countess Johanna of Oettingen-Oettingen (d. 1639). Ordinal number Although he was a younger son and never a reigning count, he is usually referred to as ''Johann Reinhard (II)'' in the relevant literature. He was the grandson of reigning Johann Reinhard I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1559–1626) and the father of reigning Johann Reinhard III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1665–1736), but he never reigned himself. To indicate that he was not ruling Count, the ordinal number is sometimes placed in parentheses after his name. Life He was sent, together with his brother Johann Philipp, on a Grand Tour to Germany, the Netherlands, England, France and Switzerland. He then visited the Reichstag in Nuremberg in 1650, which was devoted to the problems of enforcing the Peace of Westp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Lords And Counts Of Hanau
This list of lords and counts of Hanau or Hanau-Lichtenberg covers the lords and later counts from the House of Hanau, an old German noble family that ruled the area from the 14th through the 18th centuries (see also Lichtenberg Castle). Hanau is a town in Germany and Lichtenberg is a village in Alsace, now France. Lords of Hanau (1243–1429) In 1429, Reinhard II was raised to Imperial Count Counts of Hanau (1429–1458) In 1458, the county was divided in two parts, later named Hanau-Münzenberg and Hanau-Lichtenberg. Counts of Hanau-Münzenberg (1458–1736) In 1736, Hanau-Münzenberg fell to Hesse-Kassel Counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1458–1736) {, , , 1458–1480 , , Philipp I Philip(p) I may refer to: * Philip I of Macedon (7th century BC) * Philip I Philadelphus (between 124 and 109 BC–83 or 75 BC) * Philip the Arab (c. 204–249), Roman Emperor * Philip I of France (1052–1108) * Philip I (archbishop of Cologne) ( ... , , Also known as "Philip the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netherlands
, Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of Provinces of the Netherlands, twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares Maritime boundary, maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Belgium. The official language is Dutch language, Dutch, with West Frisian language, West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch, English_language, English, and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean Netherlands, Caribbean territories. The people who are from the Netherlands is often referred to as Dutch people, Dutch Ethnicity, Ethnicity group, not to be confused by the language. ''Netherlands'' literally means "lower countries" i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johanna Magdalene Of Hanau-Lichtenberg
Countess Johanna Magdalene of Hanau-Lichtenberg (18 December 1660, Bischofsheim am Hohen Steg – 21 August 1715, Hanau) was a German noblewoman, by birth member of the House of Hanau. Early life Johanna Magdalene was born as the eldest daughter of Johann Reinhard II of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1628–1666) and the Countess Palatine Anna Magdalena of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (1640–1693). She died on 21 August 1715 and is said to have been buried in the St. Mary's Church in Hanau. Marriage and issue On 5 December 1685According to: Reinhard Suchier: ''Genealogie des Hanauer Grafenhauses'', it happened on 24 November 1685 Johanna Magdalena married Count John Charles August of Leiningen-Dagsburg (born: 17 March 1662; died: 3 November 1698). They had the following children: # Anna Dorothea Charlotte (born: 11 August 1687; died young) # Alexandrine Catherine (born: 21 August 1688; died: November 1708) # Sophie Magdalena (born: 14 April 1691; died: 18 March 1727) ## married on 1 Septemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count Palatine
A count palatine (Latin ''comes palatinus''), also count of the palace or palsgrave (from German ''Pfalzgraf''), was originally an official attached to a royal or imperial palace or household and later a nobleman of a rank above that of an ordinary count. The title originated in the Late Roman Empire. In the Middle Ages especially and into modern times, it is associated with the Holy Roman Empire,"palatine, adj.1 and n.1". OED Online. June 2019. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/136245?redirectedFrom=count+palatine& (accessed July 31, 2019). especially Electoral Palatinate. The office, jurisdiction or territory of a count palatine was a county palatine or palatinate. In England the forms earl palatine and palatine earldom are rare alternative terms. Importance of a count palatine in medieval Europe ''Comes palatinus'' This Latin title is the original, but is also pre-feudal: it originated as Roman ''comes'', which was a non-hereditary court title of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bischwiller
Bischwiller (; ; ) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in northeastern France, just west of the river Moder. Geography The city is southeast of Haguenau, west-northwest of the German border and the Rhine (Rhin), and lies north-northeast of Strasbourg. The Moder, a Rhine tributary, flows across the town. Among the other streams which cross the area can be cited the following tributaries of the Moder: the Rothbaechel, the Erlengraben and the Waschgraben. The last one is formed by the confluence of two smaller streams named ''Weihergraben'' and ''Schnuchgraben''. Population Due to its large Turkish minority, Bischwiller has been pejoratively dubbed "Turcwiller" or "Bischtanbul". Culture * Maison des Arts (Bischwiller) * Musée de la Laub Personalities * Henri Baumer, master carpenter * Claude Vigée, poet * Jacob Kirkman and Abraham Kirkman, harpsichord makers * Jean Daum, glassware manufacturer * Lucien Muller, footballer * Otto Meißner, Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quirinus Moscherosch
In Roman mythology and religion, Quirinus ( , ) is an early god of the Roman state. In Augustan Rome, ''Quirinus'' was also an epithet of Janus, Mars, and Jupiter. Name Attestations The name of god Quirinus is recorded across Roman sources as ''Curinus'', ''Corinus'', ''Querinus'', ''Queirinus'' and ''QVIRINO'', also as fragmented ''IOVI. CYRIN '. The name is also attested as a surname to Hercules as ''Hercules Quirinus''. Etymology The name ''Quirīnus'' probably stems from Latin '' quirīs'', the name of Roman citizens in their peacetime function. Since both ''quirīs'' and ''Quirīnus'' are connected with Sabellic immigrants into Rome in ancient legends, it may be a loanword. The meaning "wielder of the spear" (Sabine ''quiris'', 'spear', cf. ''Janus Quirinus''), or a derivation from the Sabine town of Cures, have been proposed by Ovid in his '' ''Fasti'''' 2.477-480. Some scholars have interpreted the name as a contraction of ''*co-viri-nus'' ("god of the assemblymen", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philipp Jacob Spener
Philipp Jakob Spener (23 January 1635 – 5 February 1705) was a German Lutheran theologian who essentially founded what became known as Pietism. He was later dubbed the "Father of Pietism". A prolific writer, his two main works, ''Pia desideria'' (1675) and ''Allgemeine Gottesgelehrtheit'' (1680), were published while he was the chief pastor in the Lutheran Church at Frankfurt. In 1691, he was invited to Berlin by the court of Brandenburg. In Berlin, Spener was at odds with the predominant Lutheran orthodoxy, as he had been all his life. Spener influenced the foundation of the University of Halle. Disputing his positions, the theological faculty of Wittenberg, formally accused him of 264 errors. Life Spener was born on 23 January 1635, in Rappoltsweiler, Upper Alsace, now part of France, in Spener's time as part of the Holy Roman Empire. After a brief time at the grammar school of Colmar, he went to Strasbourg in 1651. There he devoted himself to the study of philology, hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superintendent (ecclesiastical)
Superintendent is the title given to a person who is a leader of a Christian denomination at the regional or national level in some Protestant denominations. Lutheran usage This title has been used in Lutheranism since 1527 for pastors leading a denomination at the regional level. The office was similar to that of bishop, but instead of being ordained by the archbishop, the superintendent was appointed by the Crown. This new model of ecclesiastical polity was partly political, as the Roman Catholic bishops before the Reformation held considerable political power and often used it against the king. Superintendents' loyalty was supposed to lie with the head of the church, the monarch. Presbyterian usage The Presbyterian Church of Scotland's First Book of Discipline of 1560 provided for Scotland to be divided into ten dioceses with superintendents. Methodist usage The term "Superintendent" is used for several varying positions in Methodism worldwide since 1784. In the American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesse
Hesse or Hessen ( ), officially the State of Hesse (), is a States of Germany, state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt, which is also the country's principal financial centre. Two other major historic cities are Darmstadt and Kassel. With an area of 21,114.73 square kilometers and a population of over six million, it ranks seventh and fifth, respectively, among the sixteen German states. Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany's second-largest metropolitan area (after Rhine-Ruhr), is mainly located in Hesse. As a cultural region, Hesse also includes the area known as Rhenish Hesse (Rheinhessen) in the neighboring state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Etymology The German name , like the names of other German regions ( "Swabia", "Franconia", "Bavaria", "Saxony"), derives from the dative plural form of the name of the inhabitants or German tribes, eponymous tribe, the Hessians (, singular ). The geographical name represents a short equivalent o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hessisch Lichtenau
Hessisch Lichtenau () is a small town in the Werra-Meißner-Kreis in eastern Hesse, Germany. In 2006, the town hosted the 46th Hessentag state festival. Geography Location Hessisch Lichtenau lies in the Werra-Meißner-Kreis 20 km southeast of Kassel between the Kaufunger Wald in the north, the Hoher Meißner (753.6 m above sea level) in the east, the Stölzinger Hills with the Eisberg (583 m) in the southeast and the Söhre in the south. The main town lies on the river Losse. Neighbouring communities Hessisch Lichtenau borders in the northeast on Berkatal and Großalmerode, in the east on Meißner, Hesse, Meißner and Waldkappel, in the south on Spangenberg, in the west on Söhrewald and in the northwest on Helsa. Constituent communities Hessisch Lichtenau’s ''Ortsteil, Stadtteile'' are Friedrichsbrück, Fürstenhagen, Hausen, Hirschhagen, Hollstein, Hopfelde, Küchen, Quentel, Reichenbach, Retterode, Velmeden, Walburg and Wickersrode Politics Town council Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia (, ) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire, closing a calamitous period of European history that killed approximately eight million people. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, the kingdoms of France and Sweden, and their respective allies among the princes of the Holy Roman Empire, participated in the treaties.Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). ''Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015.'' McFarland. p. 40. . The negotiation process was lengthy and complex. Talks took place in two cities, because each side wanted to meet on territory under its own control. A total of 109 delegations arrived to represent the belligerent states, but not all delegations were present at the same time. Two treaties were signed to end the war in the Empi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)
The Imperial Diet (; ) was the deliberative body of the Holy Roman Empire. It was not a legislative body in the contemporary sense; its members envisioned it more like a central forum where it was more important to negotiate than to decide. Its members were the Imperial Estates, divided into three colleges. The Diet (assembly), diet as a permanent, regularized institution evolved from the ''Hoftage'' (court assemblies) of the Middle Ages. From 1663 until the end of the empire in 1806, it was in Perpetual Diet of Regensburg, permanent session at Regensburg. All Imperial Estates enjoyed Imperial immediacy, immediacy and, therefore, they had no authority above them besides the Holy Roman Emperor himself. While all the estates were entitled to a seat and vote, only the higher temporal and spiritual princes of the College of Princes enjoyed an individual vote (''Virilstimme''), while lesser estates such as imperial counts and imperial abbots, were merely entitled to a collective vote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
