James Johnston (British Army Officer, Born 1721)
James Johnston (21 May 1721 – 26 November 1795) was a general of the British Army, colonel of the Royal Horse Guards (the Blues) then colonel of the Scots Greys where he succeeded his sister's husband, George Preston. Early life Johnston was the only surviving son of James Johnston (1655–1737) and his wife, Lucy (née Claxton) Johnston.Johnston was often confused with another army officer of the same name and much the same age, James "Irish" Johnston whose father, George Johnston, was a third cousin of James, sharing descent from Archibald Johnston (died 1619) and his wife Rachel Arnot. His father's first wife was Catharine Poulett (a daughter of John Poulett, 2nd Baron Poulett). His sister, Lucy Johnston, was the wife of George Preston. His father was the fourth and second surviving son of Archibald Johnston, Lord Warriston, and his second wife Helen Hay (a daughter of Alexander Hay, Lord Fosterseat). His maternal grandfather was Thomas Claxton of Dublin. Among his ma ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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British Army
The British Army is the principal Army, land warfare force of the United Kingdom. the British Army comprises 73,847 regular full-time personnel, 4,127 Brigade of Gurkhas, Gurkhas, 25,742 Army Reserve (United Kingdom), volunteer reserve personnel and 4,697 "other personnel", for a total of 108,413. The British Army traces back to 1707 and the Acts of Union 1707, formation of the united Kingdom of Great Britain which joined the Kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland into a Political union, single state and, with that, united the English Army and the Scots Army as the British Army. The Parliament of England, English Bill of Rights 1689 and Convention of the Estates, Scottish Claim of Right Act 1689 require parliamentary consent for the Crown to maintain a peacetime standing army. Members of the British Army swear allegiance to the Charles III, monarch as their commander-in-chief. The army is administered by the Ministry of Defence (United Kingd ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War, 1756 to 1763, was a Great Power conflict fought primarily in Europe, with significant subsidiary campaigns in North America and South Asia. The protagonists were Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia versus Kingdom of France, France and Habsburg monarchy, Austria, the respective coalitions receiving by countries including Portuguese Empire, Portugal, Spanish Empire, Spain, Electorate of Saxony, Saxony, Age of Liberty, Sweden, and Russian Empire, Russia. Related conflicts include the Third Silesian War, French and Indian War, Carnatic wars, Third Carnatic War, Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763), Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763), and Spanish–Portuguese War (1762–1763), Spanish–Portuguese War. Although the War of the Austrian Succession ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), none of the signatories were happy with the terms, and it was generally viewed as a temporary armistice. It led to a strategic realignment kn ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Sir Roger Burgoyne, 6th Baronet
Sir Roger Burgoyne, 6th Baronet (1710 – 1780), of Sutton, Bedfordshire, was an English landowner and Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1735 to 1747. Burgoyne was baptized on 23 April 1710, the second son of Sir Roger Burgoyne, 4th Baronet, of Wroxall, Warwickshire and Sutton, Bedfordshire, and his wife Constance Middleton, daughter of Sir Thomas Middleton, MP of Stanstead Mountfitchet, Essex. He succeeded his elder brother to the baronetcy in July 1711. He was educated at Eton College in 1725 and was at Trinity Hall, Cambridge from 1727 to 1730. Burgoyne was returned as a Whig Member of Parliament for Bedfordshire at a by-election on 26 February 1735. He supported the Administration until 1739, when he voted against the Spanish Convention. He then voted generally with the Opposition. He was returned as MP for Bedfordshire at the 1741 British general election. He then changed sides, probably under the influence of his brother-in-law, Lord Halifax, and was ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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George Montagu, 1st Earl Of Halifax
George Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax (also spelt George Montague) (9 May 1739), of Horton, Northamptonshire, was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1705 to 1715 when he became a peer. Early life Montagu was the son of Edward Montagu of Horton and his wife Elizabeth Pelham, a daughter of Sir John Pelham, 3rd Baronet. He succeeded his father in 1690, and received the post then of Warden and chief forester of Salcey forest, Northamptonshire, which he held for the rest of his life. He was educated at Eton College in 1698. From 1701 to 1704, he travelled abroad through Italy, Austria, Holland, Budapest, Belgrade and Constantinople. He was a paternal great-grandson of Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester. Career Montagu was returned unopposed as Member of Parliament for Northampton with the support of Christopher Montagu at the 1705 English general election. He was returned again at the 1708 British general election, the 1710 British general election ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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General (United Kingdom)
General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the British Army and the Royal Marines. The rank can also be held by Royal Marines officers in tri-service posts, for example, Generals Sir Gordon Messenger and Gwyn Jenkins, Sir Gwyn Jenkins, former Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom), Vice-Chiefs of the Defence Staff. It ranks above Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom), lieutenant-general and, in the Army, is subordinate to the rank of Field marshal (United Kingdom), field marshal, which is now only awarded as an honorary rank. The rank of general has a NATO-code of Ranks and insignia of NATO, OF-9, and is a four-star rank. It is equivalent to a Admiral (Royal Navy), full admiral in the Royal Navy or an air chief marshal in the Royal Air Force. Officers holding the ranks of Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom), lieutenant-general and Major-general (United Kingdom), major-general m ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Scots Greys
The Royal Scots Greys was a cavalry regiment of the Army of Scotland that became a regiment of the British Army in 1707 upon the Union of Scotland and England, continuing until 1971 when they amalgamated with the 3rd Carabiniers (Prince of Wales's Dragoon Guards) to form the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards. The regiment's history began in 1678, when three independent troops of Scots Dragoons were raised. In 1681, these troops were regimented to form The Royal Regiment of Scots Dragoons, numbered the 4th Dragoons in 1694. They were already mounted on grey horses by this stage and were already being referred to as the ''Grey Dragoons''. Following the formation of the united Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, they were renamed The Royal North British Dragoons ('' North Britain'' then being the envisaged common name for Scotland), but were already being referred to as the ''Scots Greys''. In 1713, they were renumbered the 2nd Dragoons as part of a deal between the commands of the ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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6th Regiment Of Dragoons
The 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1689 as Sir Albert Cunningham's Regiment of Dragoons. One of the regiment's most notable battles was the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690. It became the 6th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Dragoons in 1751. The regiment also fought with distinction in the Charge of the Union Brigade at the Battle of Waterloo and again as part of the successful Charge of the Heavy Brigade against superior numbers at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. The First World War sounded the death knell for mounted cavalry as it became apparent that technology had moved forward with greater destructive power and made horsed cavalry redundant on the modern battlefield. The British Army reorganised and reduced its cavalry corps by disbanding or amalgamating many of its famous cavalry regiments. The Inniskillings was one of those affected. It saw service for two centuries, including the First World War, be ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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11th Regiment Of Dragoons
The 11th Hussars (Prince Albert's Own) was a Cavalry regiments of the British Army, cavalry regiment of the British Army established in 1715. It saw service for three centuries including the World War I, First World War and World War II, Second World War but then amalgamated with the 10th Royal Hussars, 10th Royal Hussars (Prince of Wales' Own) to form the Royal Hussars in 1969. History Formation to end 18th century The regiment was formed at Colchester in July 1715 by Philip Honywood (British Army officer, died 1752), Philip Honeywood as Honeywood's Regiment of Dragoons, one of 16 raised in response to the Jacobite rising of 1715, 1715 Jacobite rising. It fought in the Battle of Preston (1715), Battle of Preston that ended the revolt in England and while many of these formations were disbanded in 1718, Honeywood's remained in being. During the Jacobite rising of 1745, the regiment took part in the December 1745 Clifton Moor Skirmish, allegedly the last military engagement o ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Robert Beatson
Robert Beatson, LL.D. FRSE FSA (1741–1818) was a Scottish compiler and miscellaneous writer. Life He was born on 25 June 1741 at Dysart in Fife, Scotland, the son of David Beatson of Vicarsgrange. He was educated for the military profession, and on one of his title-pages describes himself as 'late of his majesty's corps of Royal Engineers'. The ''Dictionary of National Biography'' states it was probably as a subaltern in this corps that he accompanied the unsuccessful expedition against Rochefort in 1757 (but he was only 15 years old and he is not listed by the Corps History as being an engineer on the expedition), and was present with the force which, reaching the West Indies early in 1759, failed in the attack on Martinique, but succeeded in capturing Guadeloupe. He is represented in 1766 as retiring on half-pay, and as failing, in spite of repeated applications, to secure active employment during the American War of Independence. However, in 1784 Beatson was a first ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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King George III
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, Ireland from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820. The Acts of Union 1800 unified Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with George as its king. He was concurrently Duke and Prince-elector of Electorate of Hanover, Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire before becoming King of Hanover on 12 October 1814. He was the first monarch of the House of Hanover who was born in Great Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visited Hanover. George was born during the reign of his paternal grandfather, George II of Great Britain, King George II, as the first son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. Following his father's death in 1751, Prince George became heir apparent and Prince of Wales. He succeeded to the throne on George II's death in 1760. Th ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Colonel (United Kingdom)
Colonel (Col) is a rank of the British Army and Royal Marines, ranking below Brigadier (United Kingdom), brigadier, and above Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom), lieutenant colonel. British colonels are not usually field commanders; typically they serve as Staff (military), staff officers between field commands at battalion and brigade level. The insignia is two diamond-shaped British Army officer rank insignia, pips (properly called Order of the Bath, "Bath Stars") below a crown. The crown has varied in the past with different monarchs; Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II's reign used St Edward's Crown. The rank is equivalent to Captain (Royal Navy), captain in the Royal Navy and group captain in the Royal Air Force. Etymology The rank of colonel was popularised by the tercios that were employed in the Spanish Army during the 16th and 17th centuries. General Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba divided his troops into ''coronelías'' (meaning "column of soldiers" from t ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |