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James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke Of Berwick
James Francis (Jacobo Francisco) Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Duke of Liria and Xérica (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, 21 October 1696 – Naples, Italy, 2 June 1738) was a Jacobitism, Jacobite and Spanish nobleman. He inherited titles in the Jacobite and Spanish nobility on the death of his father in battle in 1734 at Siege of Philippsburg (1734), Philippsburg, during the War of the Polish Succession. He was also Consort Duke of Veragua and of la Vega and a Consort-Marquis of four further titles by his Spanish marriage in 1716. His full title was 2nd Duke of Berwick, 2nd Earl of Tinmouth, 2nd Baron Bosworth, 2nd Duke of Liria and Jérica, Duke of Liria and Xerica, Grandee of Spain 1st class (from 1716), Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (from 29 September 1714), as well as the holder of several earldoms. Family His father was James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, an illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill (royal mistress), Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks. Usually, it is the highest rank in an army (in countries without the rank of Generalissimo), and as such, few persons are ever appointed to it. It is considered as a five-star rank (OF-10) in modern-day armed forces in many countries. Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a Division (military), divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank. Examples of the different uses of the rank include Afghanistan, Austria-Hungary, India, Pakistan, Prussia/Germany and Sri Lanka for an extraordinary achievement; Spain and Mexico for a divisional command (); and France, Portugal and Brazil for a brigade command (, ). Origins The origin of the term dates to the early Middle Ages, originally meaning the keeper of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Veragua
The Duchy of Veragua () is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain. It was also a Spanish hereditary domain created in 1537 in the reign of King Charles I in a small section of the territory of Veragua (''Gobernación de Veragua'', which had been created in 1502 and extended along the Caribbean coasts of present-day Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama as far to the east as the Río Belén). This new lordship was granted by the Crown to Don Luis Colón y Toledo, grandson of the discoverer Christopher Columbus, along with the title of Duke of Veragua and Marquis of Jamaica. These are the only Spanish noble titles that did not originate from a royal concession but rather from a definitive settlement after a fierce legal dispute with the Crown. The case was arbitrated by Don Fray García de Loayza, Cardinal of Santa Susana, Bishop of Sigüenza, and confessor to the King. The Dukedom was a perfect square of twenty-five leagues on a side, extending towards the west from the mouth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrick Sarsfield
Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan ( 1655 – 21 August 1693) was an Irish army officer. Killed at Battle of Landen, Landen in 1693 while serving in the French Royal Army, he is now best remembered as an Irish patriot and military hero. Born into a wealthy Catholic family, Sarsfield began his military career during the 1672 to 1674 Third Anglo-Dutch War. After fellow Catholic James II of England was deposed by the Glorious Revolution in November 1688, Sarsfield served as a senior commander in the Jacobite army during the 1689 to 1691 Williamite War in Ireland, and was elected to the 1689 Patriot Parliament. Fighting in Ireland ended with the 1691 Treaty of Limerick. Under the agreement, Flight of the Wild Geese, thousands of Irish soldiers went into exile in Kingdom of France, France, and many served in Flanders during the Nine Years' War. They included Sarsfield, who was fatally wounded at the Battle of Landen on 29 July 1693. Personal details Originally of English descent, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earl Of Clanricarde
Earl of Clanricarde ( ; ) is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of Ireland, first in 1543 and again in 1800. The former creation became extinct in 1916 while the 1800 creation is extant and held by the Marquess of Sligo since 1916. Clanricarde (or Lord of Clanricarde) was a Gaelic title meaning ''"(head of) Richard's family"'' (also known as Mac William Uachtar/Upper Mac William) and this family were descended from Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Lord of Connacht (d.1243), son of William de Burgh (d.1205/6), founder of the House of Burke, de Burgh/Burke family in Ireland. In 1543, Ulick na gCeann Burke, 1st Earl of Clanricarde, Ulick na gCeann Burke, 12th Clanricarde, was created Baron of Dunkellin ( ) and Earl of Clanricarde in the Peerage of Ireland. His great-grandson, the Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde, fourth Earl, was created Baron of Somerhill and Viscount Tunbridge in the Peerage of England in 1624, Baron of Imanney and Viscount Galway in the Peerage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Burke, 7th Earl Of Clanricarde
William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde, PC (Ire) ( ; died October 1687), was an Irish peer who fought in his youth together with his brother Richard, 6th Earl of Clanricarde under their cousin, Ulick Burke, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde against the Parliamentarians in the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. He succeeded his brother as the 7th Earl in 1666. Birth and origins William was a younger son of Sir William Burke and his wife Joan. His father was the third son of Ulick Burke, 3rd Earl of Clanricarde. William's mother was a daughter of Dermot O'Shaugnessy of Gort. William was the younger of two brothers: #Richard (died 1666), became the 6th Earl of Clanricarde #William (died 1687) It is likely that he also had sisters, but nothing seems to be known about them. First marriage His first wife was Lettice Shirley, daughter of Sir Henry Shirley, 2nd Baronet, by Lady Dorothy Devereux and granddaughter of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex. She was b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honora Burke
Honora Burke became Honora FitzJames, Duchess of Berwick on Tweed ( – 1698), married Patrick Sarsfield and went into French exile where he followed her soon afterwards. After his death at the Battle of Landen, she married James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, an illegitimate son of James II. She may have introduced the country dance (''contredanse anglaise'') to the French court. Birth and origins Honora was born about 1675 at Portumna Castle, County Galway. She was the youngest child of William Burke and his second wife, Helen MacCarty. Her father was William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde. The Burkes (originally De Burgh) were an Old English family long-established in Connacht. Her mother was a daughter of Donough MacCarty, 1st Earl of Clancarty and thus belonged to the MacCarthy of Muskerry dynasty, a Gaelic Irish family that descended from the kings of Desmond. She had previously been married to Sir John Fitzgerald of Dromana. Honora was raised as a Roman Catholic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Churchill, 1st Duke Of Marlborough
General (United Kingdom), General John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, 1st Prince of Mindelheim, 1st Count of Nellenburg, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, (26 May 1650 – 16 June 1722 Old Style and New Style dates, O.S.) was a British army officer and statesman. From a gentry family, he served as a Page (servant), page at the court of the House of Stuart under James, Duke of York, through the 1670s and early 1680s, earning military and political advancement through his courage and diplomatic skill. He is known for never having lost a battle. Churchill's role in defeating the Monmouth Rebellion in 1685 helped secure James on the throne, but he was a key player in the military conspiracy that led to James being deposed during the Glorious Revolution. Rewarded by William III of England, William III with the title Earl of Marlborough#Earls of Marlborough; Second creation (1689), Earl of Marlborough, persistent charges of Jacobitism led to his fall from office and tempora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabella Churchill (royal Mistress)
Arabella Churchill (23 February 1648 – 30 May 1730) was the mistress of King James II and VII, and the mother of four of his children (surnamed FitzJames, that is, "son of James"). Life Arabella was a daughter of Sir Winston Churchill and sister of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough; her other brothers were George Churchill, Admiral of the Blue and General Charles Churchill. The Churchills' loyalty to the royal household was ardent; their only feeling about Arabella's seduction by King James II "seems to have been a joyful surprise that so plain a girl had attained such high preferment". James, then Duke of York, began his adulterous affair with Arabella Churchill, around 1665, while he was still married to Anne Hyde. Churchill became the duchess's lady-in-waiting in that year, and gave birth to two children during Anne's lifetime. Churchill was described as a "tall creature, pale-faced, and nothing but skin and bone". Courtiers cackled "at her appearance until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James II Of England
James II and VII (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) was King of England and Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II of England, Charles II, on 6 February 1685, until he was deposed in the 1688 Glorious Revolution. The last Catholic monarch of Kingdom of England, England, Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland, his reign is now remembered primarily for conflicts over religion. However, it also involved struggles over the principles of Absolute monarchy, absolutism and divine right of kings, with his deposition ending a century of political and civil strife by confirming the primacy of the English Parliament over the Crown. James was the second surviving son of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France, and was created Duke of York at birth. He succeeded to the throne aged 51 with widespread support. The general public were reluctant to undermine the principle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Golden Fleece
The Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece (, ) is a Catholic order of chivalry founded in 1430 in Brugge by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to celebrate his marriage to Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy, Isabella of Portugal. Today, two branches of the order exist, namely the Spanish Fleece and the Austrian Fleece; the current grand masters are Felipe VI, King Felipe VI of Spain and Karl von Habsburg, head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, respectively. The Grand Chaplain of the Austrian branch is Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, Archbishop of Vienna. The separation of the two existing branches took place as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession of 1701–1714. The grand master of the order, Charles II of Spain (a House of Habsburg , Habsburg), had died childless in 1700, and so the right to succeed to the throne of Spain (and thus to become the Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece) initiated a global conflict. On one hand, Charles VI, Holy Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grandee Of Spain
Grandee (; , ) is an official royal and noble ranks, aristocratic title conferred on some Spanish nobility. Holders of this dignity enjoyed similar privileges to those of the peerage of France during the , though in neither country did they have the significant constitutional political role the House of Lords gave to the Peerage of England, of Peerage of Great Britain, Great Britain and of the Peerage of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom. A "grandee of Spain" nonetheless enjoyed greater social privileges than those of other similar European dignities. With the exception of Duke of Fernandina, Fernandina, List of dukes in the peerage of Spain, all Spanish dukedoms are automatically attached to a grandeeship, yet only a few marquessates, Count (title), countships, List of viscounts in the peerage of Spain, viscountcies, List of barons in the peerage of Spain, baronies and List of lords in the peerage of Spain, lordships have the distinction. A single person can be a grandee of S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
