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James Campbell (British Army Officer, Died 1835)
Major-General Sir James Campbell (c. 1773–1835) was a Scottish army officer and colonial governor. Early life He was son of Major-General Dugald Campbell of Auchinleck (1742–1809) and his wife Elizabeth Mackay. Campbell served from 1803 in the Second Anglo-Maratha War, under Arthur Wellesley. Peninsular War The 94th Regiment of Foot in which he served had its troops drafted into other regiments, and Campbell, promoted lieutenant-colonel in 1804, returned to the United Kingdom with the other officers. Stationed in Jersey, the 94th recruited again. It was sent to Portugal in 1810, and was on garrison duty in Lisbon and then Cadiz, Campbell commanding it in a brigade of the 3rd Division under Thomas Picton. From October 1810 it was under Charles Colville, in the field and at the battle of Fuentes de Oñoro in 1811. From the end of 1811, Colville having taken over the 4th Division, Campbell commanded the 94th, to the end of the Peninsular War. He took command at the Siege o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Major-general (United Kingdom)
Major general (Maj Gen) is a two-star rank, "two-star" rank in the British Army and Royal Marines. The rank was also briefly used by the Royal Air Force for a year and a half, from its creation in April 1918 until August 1919. In the British Army, a major general is the customary rank for the appointment of division (military), division commander. In the Royal Marines, the Commandant General Royal Marines, Commandant General holds at least the rank of major general. A major general is senior to a Brigadier (United Kingdom), brigadier but subordinate to a Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom), lieutenant general. The rank is OF-7 on the Ranks and insignia of NATO, NATO rank scale, equivalent to a Rear admiral (Royal Navy), rear admiral in the Royal Navy or an air vice-marshal in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth countries. Insignia and nomenclature The rank insignia is the star (or 'pip') of the Order of the Bath, over a crossed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Fuentes De Oñoro
At the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro (3–5 May 1811), the Anglo-Portuguese Army under Wellington checked an attempt by the French Army of Portugal under Marshal André Masséna to relieve the besieged city of Almeida. A bloody stalemate was not the sort of battle that had been expected to follow André Masséna's expulsion from Portugal. His confidence and moral authority having been much boosted by holding the Lines of Torres Vedras, the spring of 1811 found Wellington intending to move over to the offensive, for which policy he had received de facto authorisation from his political masters in London, where talks of major reductions in the size of the army employed in Portugal had been replaced by promises of major reinforcements. Supply difficulties, sickness amongst the troops and want of siege artillery ensured that in the short term no great strokes of strategy could be envisaged, but it was hoped that Almeida, Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz might be all recaptured, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1835 Deaths
Events January–March * January 7 – anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin on board as naturalist. * January 8 – The United States public debt contracts to zero, for the only time in history. * January 24 – Malê Revolt: African slaves of Yoruba Muslim origin revolt against Brazilian owners at Salvador, Bahia. * January 26 ** Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Auguste de Beauharnais, 2nd Duke of Leuchtenberg, in Lisbon; he dies only two months later. ** Saint Paul's in Macau is largely destroyed by fire after a typhoon hits. * January 30 – The first assassination attempt against a President of the United States is carried out against U.S. President Andrew Jackson at the United States Capitol * February 1 – Slavery is abolished in Mauritius. * February 20 – 1835 Concepción earthquake: Concepción, Chile, is destroyed by an earthquake. The resulting tsunami destroys the neighboring city of Talcahuano. * March 2 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Uncertain
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1770s Births
Year 177 ( CLXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Commodus and Plautius (or, less frequently, year 930 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 177 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Lucius Aurelius Commodus Caesar (age 15) and Marcus Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus become Roman Consuls. * Commodus is given the title '' Augustus'', and is made co-emperor, with the same status as his father, Marcus Aurelius. * A systematic persecution of Christians begins in Rome; the followers take refuge in the catacombs. * The churches in southern Gaul are destroyed after a crowd accuses the local Christians of practicing cannibalism. * Forty-eight Christians are martyred in Lyon (Saint Blandina and Pothinus, bishop of Lyon, are among them). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governors Of British Ceylon
The governor of Ceylon was the representative in Ceylon of the British Crown from 1795 to 1948. In this capacity, the governor was president of the Executive Council and Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces in Ceylon. The governor was the head of the British colonial administration in Ceylon, reporting to the Colonial Office. With Ceylon gaining self-rule and dominion status with the creation of Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, this office was replaced by the Governor-General, who represented the British monarch as the head of state. The office of Governor-General was itself abolished in 1972 and replaced by the post of President when Sri Lanka became a republic. Appointment The governor, appointed by the British monarch (on the advice of the prime minister and the secretary of state for the colonies), maintained executive power in Ceylon throughout British rule. Powers and functions The governor was the head of the executive administration in the island. Initially l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmund Neville Nevill
Edmund Neison FRS FRAS (27 August 1849 – 14 January 1940), whose real name was Edmund Neville Nevill, wrote a key text in selenography called ''The Moon and the Condition and Configuration of its Surface'' in 1876 and later set up the Natal Observatory in Durban, Natal Province. He also wrote a popular book on astronomy some years after immigrating to Durban. Early years and volunteer soldier He was born at Beverley, Yorkshire, England on 27 August 1849 and educated at Harrow School and New College, Oxford. During the Franco-Prussian War he volunteered with French forces and served with Marshal MacMahon. London 1871 to 1882 In 1871, Nevill returned to London and worked as parliamentary reporter to The Standard and also as theatre critic, but his interests included astronomy and chemistry. Nevill has the means to set up a private observatory in Hampstead and became known as amateur with a special interest in the Moon. Nevill was elected a fellow of the Royal Astronomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otway Cuffe, 1st Earl Of Desart
Otway Cuffe, 1st Earl of Desart (25 November 1737 – 9 August 1804), was an Anglo-Irish peer and lawyer. Biography Desart was the second son of John Cuffe, 1st Baron Desart, by his second wife, Dorothea Gorges. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He was a barrister and became a member of the Inner Temple in 1756. On 25 November 1767 he succeeded his elder brother, John Cuffe, 2nd Baron Desart, in his title, and assumed his seat in the Irish House of Lords.Edmund Lodge''The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage''(Saunders and Otley, 1838), p. 140. Desart served as Mayor of Kilkenny between 1771 and 1772 and again between 1779 and 1780. On 6 January 1781 he was created Viscount Desart, of Desart in the County of Kilkenny, in the Peerage of Ireland. He was further honoured when he was made Earl of Desart and Viscount Castlecuffe, also titles in the Peerage of Ireland, on 4 December 1793. Following the implementation of the Acts of Union 1800, Desart was elected as one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governor Of Grenada
This is a list of Viceroys of Grenada from the establishment of French rule in 1649 until its independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. Following independence, the viceroy of Grenada ceased to represent the British monarch and British government, and ceased to be a British person, instead the new vice regal office, renamed to Governor-General of Grenada represented (and to this day, represents) the Monarch of Grenada, and the person holding the office must be a Grenadian citizen. French governors of Grenada (1649–1762) British governors of Grenada (1762–1802) In 1763, the Treaty of Paris ceded Grenada to the United Kingdom. * George Scott, 1762–1764 * Robert Melville, 1764, ''acting'', ''first time'' * Ulysses FitzMaurice, 1764–1770, ''first time'' * Robert Melville, 1770–1771, ''second time'' * Ulysses FitzMaurice, 1771, ''second time'' * William Leyborne Leyborne, 1771–1775 * William Young, 1776 * The Lord Macartney, 1776–1779 * Jean-François, co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governor Of British Ceylon
The governor of Ceylon was the representative in British Ceylon, Ceylon of the British The Crown, Crown from 1795 to 1948. In this capacity, the governor was president of the Executive Council of Ceylon, Executive Council and Commander-in-Chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces#History, British Forces in Ceylon. The governor was the head of the British colonial administration in Ceylon, reporting to the Colonial Office. With Ceylon gaining self-rule and dominion status with the creation of Dominion of Ceylon in 1948, this office was replaced by the Governor-General of Ceylon, Governor-General, who represented the British monarch as the head of state. The office of Governor-General was itself abolished in 1972 and replaced by the post of President of Sri Lanka, President when Sri Lanka became a republic. Appointment The governor, appointed by the British monarchy, British monarch (on the advice of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, prime minister and the Secretary of State for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Vitoria
At the Battle of Vitoria (21 June 1813), a United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, British, Kingdom of Portugal, Portuguese and Spanish Empire, Spanish army under the Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Marquess of Wellington broke the French army under King Joseph Bonaparte and Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan near Vitoria-Gasteiz, Vitoria in Spain, eventually leading to victory in the Peninsular War. Background In July 1812, after the Battle of Salamanca, the French had evacuated Madrid, which Wellington's army entered on 12 August 1812. Deploying three divisions to guard its southern approaches, Wellington marched north with the rest of his army to lay siege to the fortress of Burgos, away, but he had miscalculated the enemy's strength, and on 21 October he had to abandon the Siege of Burgos and retreat. By 31 October he had abandoned Madrid too and retreated first to Salamanca then to Ciudad Rodrigo, near the Portuguese frontier, to avoid encirclement by French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Salamanca
The Battle of Salamanca (in French and Spanish known as the Battle of the Arapiles) took place on 22July 1812. An Anglo-Portuguese Army, Anglo-Portuguese army under the Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Earl of Wellington (future Duke of Wellington) defeated Marshal Auguste Marmont's French forces at Arapiles, Salamanca, Arapiles, south of Salamanca, Spain, during the Peninsular War. A Spanish Army, Spanish division was also present but took no part in the battle. The battle involved a succession of Flanking maneuver, flanking manoeuvres in oblique order, initiated by the British heavy cavalry brigade and Edward Pakenham, Pakenham's 3rd Division and continued by the cavalry and the 4th, 5th and 6th divisions. These attacks resulted in a rout of the French left wing. Marmont and his deputy commander, General Bonet, received shrapnel wounds in the first few minutes of firing. Confusion amongst the French command may have been decisive in creating an opportunity, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
