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Jam'iyat-e Nesvan-e Vatankhah
Jam'iyat-e Nesvân-e Vatankhâh () active from 1922 to 1933, was one of the most effective organizations in the Women's rights movement in Iran that formed after the Persian Constitutional Revolution. History The Society was set up in 1922 under the name, Jamʿīyat-e taraqqī-e neswān, by Mohtaram Eskandari, director of the state school number 5 for girls, who was disappointed with the results of the revolution for women, Noor-ol-Hoda Mangeneh, Mastoureh Afshar, and other women's rights activists. Board of Governors (see photo right): left to right sitting: FakhrAfagh Parsa, Fakhr Afāgh Pārsā (mother of Farrokhrou Pārsā), Molouk Eskandari (Mohtaram Eskandari), Kobrā Chanāni, Mastoureh Afshar, Mastoureh Afshār, Nosrat Moshiri, Safiyyeh Eskandari, Esmat ol-Molouk Sharifi. Standing: Mehr'angiz Eskandari, Banu Chanāni, Haiedeh Afshār, Abbaseh Pāyvar, Ghodsiyyeh Moshiri. Their objective was "to emphasize [the] continuous respect for the laws and rituals of Islam; to pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Rights Movement In Iran
The Iranian Women's Rights Movement (Persian language, Persian: جنبش زنان ایران), is the social movement for women's rights of the women in Iran. The movement first emerged after the Iranian Constitutional Revolution in 1910, the year in which the first women's periodical was published by women. The movement lasted until 1933 when the last women's association was dissolved by the government of Rezā Shāh, Reza Shah Pahlavi. It rose again after the Iranian Revolution in 1979.#Sanasarian1982, Sanasarian 1982, pp. 124–129 Between 1963 and 1979, the Iranian Women's Movement gained victories such as the Women's suffrage, right for women to vote in 1963, a part of Mohammad Reza Shah's White Revolution. Women were also allowed to take part in public office, and in 1975 the Iran's Family Protection Law, Family Protection Law provided new rights for women, including expanded divorce and custody rights and reduced Polygyny in Islam, polygamy. Since the Islamic Revolution o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organizations Established In 1922
An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is an entity—such as a company, or corporation or an institution (formal organization), or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. Organizations may also operate secretly or illegally in the case of secret societies, criminal organizations, and resistance movements. And in some cases may have obstacles from other organizations (e.g.: MLK's organization). What makes an organization recognized by the government is either filling out incorporation or recognition in the form of either societal pressure (e.g.: Advocacy group), causing concerns (e.g.: Resistance movement) or being considered the spokesperson of a group of people subject to negotiation (e.g.: the Polisario Front being recognized as the sole representative of the Sahrawi people and forming a partially recognized state.) Compare the concept of social groups, which may include non-orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feminist Organisations In Iran
Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism holds the position that modern societies are patriarchal—they prioritize the male point of view—and that women are treated unjustly in these societies. Efforts to change this include fighting against gender stereotypes and improving educational, professional, and interpersonal opportunities and outcomes for women. Originating in late 18th-century Europe, feminist movements have campaigned and continue to campaign for women's rights, including the right to vote, run for public office, work, earn equal pay, own property, receive education, enter into contracts, have equal rights within marriage, and maternity leave. Feminists have also worked to ensure access to contraception, legal abortions, and social integration; and to protect women and girls from sexual assault, sexual harassment, and do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1922 Establishments In Iran
Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number) * One of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (1987 film), a 1987 science fiction film * '' 19-Nineteen'', a 2009 South Korean film * '' Diciannove'', a 2024 Italian drama film informally referred to as "Nineteen" in some sources Science * Potassium, an alkali metal * 19 Fortuna, an asteroid Music * 19 (band), a Japanese pop music duo Albums * ''19'' (Adele album), 2008 * ''19'', a 2003 album by Alsou * ''19'', a 2006 album by Evan Yo * ''19'', a 2018 album by MHD * ''19'', one half of the double album '' 63/19'' by Kool A.D. * ''Number Nineteen'', a 1971 album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron * ''XIX'' (EP), a 2019 EP by 1the9 Songs * "19" (song), a 1985 song by British musician Paul Hardcastle * " Stone in Focus", officially "#19", a composition by Aphex Twin * "Nineteen", a song from the 1992 album '' Refugee'' by Bad4Good * "Nineteen", a song fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Majma'-e Enghelabi-ye Nesvan
Majma'-e Enghelabi-ye Nesvan (Persian: مجمع انقلابی نسوان; lit. Revolutionary Society of Women) was a feminist association founded in 1927 by Zandokht Shirazi in Shiraz, Iran. History Shirazi established the organization in 1927 (1306 SH) at the age of eighteen, with the aim of promoting gender equality and raising awareness among women about their rights. Under pressure from religious groups, the government of Reza Shah initially ordered the association to change its name to ''Nahzat-e Nesvān'' (نهضت نسوان; lit. Women's Movement). Ultimately, the group was declared illegal after nine months of activity. Following a formal religious condemnation (''takfir'') by a prominent cleric in Shiraz, Zandokht Shirazi was compelled to relocate to Tehran, where she began publishing the magazine ''Dokhtaran-e Iran'' (دختران ایران; lit. Daughters of Iran). See also * Women in Iran * Women's rights movement in Iran * Women in the Persian Constitutional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Revolution's Associations
The associations of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution () are a number of political and state communities that not only were the official initiators of the civil society participation in Iran but, also played a key role in the victory of the Constitutional Revolution and the formation of subsequent parties. Introduction At the end of the Naser al-Din Shah Qajar period and in the early days of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah's rule, a number of intellectuals and a group of government agents associated with the European countries, who considered Iran's political and social outcomes in the absence of law and respect for individual freedoms, gradually began to rumor and talk about reforms. The reform was based on three amendments of law, civil law, reforming the court system, and preventing foreign intervention. Primary core Perhaps we can recognize Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī as one of the forerunners of the popular reformist campaigns. Although his efforts were mostly to keep the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Women
Throughout history, women in Iran have played numerous roles, and contributed in many ways, to Iranian society. Historically, tradition maintained that women be confined to their homes to manage the household and raise children. During the Pahlavi era, there was a drastic social change towards women's desegregation such as ban of the veil, right to vote, right to education, equal salaries for men and women, and the right to hold public office. Women were active participants in the Islamic Revolution. Iran's constitution, adopted after the Islamic Revolution in 1979, proclaims equality for men and women under Article 20, while mandating legal code adhering to Sharia law. Article 21 of the constitution as well as a few parliament-passed laws give women rights such as being allowed to drive, hold public office, and attend university but not wearing a veil in public can be punished by law; and when in public, all hair and skin except the face and hands must be covered. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mokhadarat Vatan Association
Mokhadarat Vatan Association () was a feminist society that was formed in 1910 during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and the national movements happening in the 1900s. The aim of this association was to organize various activities for Iranian independence from the sovereignty of foreign countries. The members of the association were active in the meetings and demonstrations of the constitutional movement. They also wrote protest letters to the Russian Government about their imperialist actions. Eliz Sanasarian pages. 62-63 History During the Constitutional Revolution, many secret and semi-congressional associations in Iran were established. Many women's associations were also secretly formed in the constitutional movement. (Later, in the years following the governmental assembly and in World War II, associations were set up that focused on women's rights).آفاری، ژانت Mokhadarat Vatan Association and similar organizations held massive meetings on the role of wome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Freedom Association
The Women’s Freedom Association () بامداد، بدرالملوک، ص. ۷ تا ۹Bamdad Badramaulk was formed in 1907 with the discussions and plans of a number of women and men intellectuals of the Constitutional Movement, and its meetings focused on the subordinate position of women in Iran. Eliz Sanasarian pages. 62-63 History During the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, there were many secret and semi-congressional associations in Iran. In this period of time, women's associations were secretly formed in the constitutional movement. Many years after the assembly and the World War II, organizations were set up that focused on women's rights. Janet Afariآفاری، ژانت Eliz Sanasarianساناساریان، الیز Goals and activities The founders of the Women’s Freedom Association wanted to familiarize women with the rules of socializing, attending the community, and to raise their confidence in speaking in the community, especially when men are at present. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Constitutional Revolution
The Persian Constitutional Revolution (, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911 during the Qajar era. The revolution led to the establishment of a parliament in Iran (Persia), and has been called an "epoch-making episode in the modern history of Persia". The revolution was "the first of its kind in the Islamic world, earlier than the revolution of the Young Turks in 1908". It opened the way for the modern era in Iran, and debate in a burgeoning press. Many groups fought to shape the course of the revolution. The old order, which Naser al-Din Shah Qajar had struggled for so long to sustain, was finally replaced by new institutions. Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar signed the 1906 constitution shortly before his death. He was succeeded by Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, who abolished the constitution and bombarded the parliament in 1908 with Russian and British support. This led to a second effort with c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopædia Iranica
''Encyclopædia Iranica'' is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times. Scope The ''Encyclopædia Iranica'' is dedicated to the study of Iranian civilization in the wider Middle East, the Caucasus, Southeastern Europe, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. The academic reference work will eventually cover all aspects of Iranian history and culture as well as all Iranian languages and literatures, facilitating the whole range of Iranian studies research from archeology to political sciences. It is a project founded by Ehsan Yarshater in 1973 and currently carried out at Columbia University's Center for Iranian Studies. It is considered the standard encyclopedia of the academic discipline of Iranistics. The scope of the encyclopedia goes beyond modern Iran (also known as ''"Persia"'') and encompasses the entire Iranian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
