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Jacopo Orsini, Lord Of Monterotondo
Jacopo Orsini (1424–1482) was an Italian nobleman of the Orsini family. Life The son of Orso Orsini and Lucrezia Conti, Jacopo succeeded his father as lord of Monterotondo. In 1431, he received the castle of Calvi on behalf of the Papal State. In 1433, on the orders of Pope Eugene IV, he sent a hundred troops to Orte to defend it against Niccolò Fortebraccio. In 1448, he founded a Capuchin convent in Monterotondo. In 1480, he brought Lorenzo de' Medici's congratulations to the recently elected Pope Sixtus IV. In 1482, he served the Republic of Venice as a ''condottiero'' (mercenary captain) during the War of Ferrara. Family Orsini's first wife was Francesca d'Alviano. His second wife was Maddalena Orsini, with whom he had four children: * (died 1509), archbishop of Florence *Aurante ({{circa, 1450 – post 1497), married firstly Gian Ludovico Pio, who was executed in 1469 for having participated in a plot against Duke Borso d'Este; married secondly Lorenzo Malaspina di Gragno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orsini Family
The House of Orsini is an Nobility of Italy, Italian noble family that was one of the most influential princely families in Middle Ages, medieval Italy and Renaissance Rome. Members of the Orsini family include five popes: Pope Stephen II, Stephen II (752–757), Pope Paul I, Paul I (757–767), Pope Celestine III, Celestine III (1191–1198), Pope Nicholas III, Nicholas III (1277–1280), and Pope Benedict XIII, Benedict XIII (1724–1730). The family also included 34 Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinals, numerous ''condottieri'', and other significant political and religious figures. The Orsini are part of the Black nobility who were Roman aristocratic families who supported the Popes in the governance of the Papal States. Origins According to their own family legend, the Orsini are descended from the Julio-Claudian dynasty of ancient Rome. The Orsini carried on a political feud with the Colonna family for centuries in Rome, until it was stopped by Papal Bull in 1511. In 1571 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Sixtus IV
Pope Sixtus IV (or Xystus IV, ; born Francesco della Rovere; (21 July 1414 – 12 August 1484) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 August 1471 until his death in 1484. His accomplishments as pope included the construction of the Sistine Chapel and the creation of the Vatican Library. A patron of the arts, he brought together the group of artists who ushered the early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city's new artistic age. Sixtus created the Spanish Inquisition through the Papal bull ''Exigit Sinceræ Devotionis'' (1478), and annulled the Pontifical decrees of the Council of Constance. He was noted for his nepotism and was personally involved in the infamous Pazzi conspiracy, a plot to remove the Medici family from power in Florence. Early life Francesco was a member of the Della Rovere family, a son of Leonardo Beltramo di Savona della Rovere and Luchina Monteleoni. He was born in Celle Ligure, a town near S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1424 Births
Year 1424 ( MCDXXIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 23 – William Cheyne becomes the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, replacing the late William Hankford. * February 1 – While negotiating his release from captivity, King James of Scotland is allowed to be married to Joan Beaufort in London, with a ceremony taking place at Southwark Cathedral. * February 12 – The coronation of Sophia of Halshany, wife of Władysław II Jagiełło, as Queen consort of Poland takes place at the Kraków Cathedral. * February 14 – Wars in Lombardy: The Army of the Florentine Republic, led by Captain Pandolfo III Malatesta, storms the city of Romagna. * March 28 – King James I of Scotland is released after having been held captive in England for 18 years. James is freed after putting his royal seal on a ransom treaty of £40,000, secured by Scottish hostages taking his place, as agreed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clarice Orsini
Clarice Orsini (1453 – 30 July 1488) was the daughter of Jacopo Orsini, and Maddalena Orsini; both from the Orsini family, a great Roman noble house, and was the wife of Lorenzo de' Medici. Life Clarice and Lorenzo married 4 June 1469, with a four-day celebration. The marriage was arranged by Lorenzo's mother Lucrezia Tornabuoni, who wanted her eldest son to marry a woman from a noble family to enhance the social status of the Medicis. Their marriage was unusual for Florence at the time in that they were nearly the same age. Clarice's dowry was 6,000 florins. The political nature of her marriage meant that she was often called upon by each side of her family to influence the other. This included Lorenzo helping her brother Rinaldo get selected as Archbishop of Florence. She was also called on by others throughout the area to support their requests to her husband. People sought her support in easing taxes and releasing family members from exile or prison. She would als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borso D'Este
image:Borso d'Este.jpg, Borso d'Este, attributed to Vicino da Ferrara, Pinacoteca of the Castello Sforzesco, Sforza Castle in Milan, Italy. Borso d'Este (1413 – 20 August 1471) was the first duke of Ferrara and duke of Modena, Modena, which he ruled from 1450 until his death. He was a member of the House of Este. Biography He was an illegitimate son of Niccolò III d'Este, Marquess of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio, and his mistress Stella de' Tolomei. Borso succeeded his brother Leonello d'Este in the marquisate on 1 October 1450. image:Borsobijbel.jpg, left, 220px, A page of Borso d'Este Bible, Borso d'Este's Bible. On 18 May 1452 he received confirmation over his fiefs, as Duke, by Emperor Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick III. On 12 April 1471, in St. Peter's Basilica, he was also appointed as Duke of Ferrara by Pope Paul II. Borso followed an expansionist policy for his state, and one of ennobling for his family. He was generally allied with the Repub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of Ferrara (1482–1484)
The War of Ferrara (also known as the Salt War, Italian: ''Guerra del Sale'') was fought in 1482–1484 between Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, and the forces mustered by Ercole's personal nemesis, Pope Sixtus IV and his Venetian allies. Hostilities ended with the Treaty of Bagnolo, signed on 7 August 1484. Diplomatic background The failure of the Pazzi conspiracy against Florence in 1480 and the unexpected peace resulting from Lorenzo de' Medici's daring personal diplomacy with Ferdinand I of Naples, the Pope's erstwhile champion, was a source of discontent among the Venetians and Pope Sixtus IV alike. With the Treaty of Constantinople of 1479, Venice had ended its long conflict with the Ottoman Turks, and was freed to turn its whole attention to its role in its '' terra firma'' (mainland) and to the peninsula of Italy more generally. In addition to the usual minor friction over strongholds along the borders, there was a contest over the commerce in salt, which was reserv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condottiero
Condottieri (; singular: ''condottiero'' or ''condottiere'') were Italian military leaders active during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. The term originally referred specifically to commanders of mercenary companies, derived from the Italian word ''condotta''—the contract under which they served a Italian city-states, city-state or lord. The word ''condottiero'' thus meant 'contractor'. Over time, however, in Italian usage, ''condottiero'' came to mean any 'commander' or 'military leader'. Mercenary captains Background In the 13th and 14th centuries, the Italian city-states of Republic of Venice, Venice, Republic of Florence, Florence, and republic of Genoa, Genoa were very rich from their trade with the Levant, yet possessed woefully small armies. In the event that foreign powers and envious neighbours attacked, the ruling nobles hired foreign mercenaries to fight for them. The military-service terms and conditions were stipulated in a (contract) between the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Venice
The Republic of Venice, officially the Most Serene Republic of Venice and traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and Maritime republics, maritime republic with its capital in Venice. Founded, according to tradition, in 697 by Paolo Lucio Anafesto, over the course of its History of the Republic of Venice, 1,100 years of history it established itself as one of the major European commercial and naval powers. Initially extended in the ''Dogado'' area (a territory currently comparable to the Metropolitan City of Venice), during its history it annexed a large part of Northeast Italy, Istria, Dalmatia, the coasts of present-day Montenegro and Albania as well as numerous islands in the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and eastern Ionian Sea, Ionian seas. At the height of its expansion, between the 13th and 16th centuries, it also governed Crete, Cyprus, the Peloponnese, a number of List of islands of Greece, Greek islands, as well as several cities and ports in the eastern Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorenzo De' Medici
Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici (), known as Lorenzo the Magnificent (; 1 January 1449 – 9 April 1492), was an Italian statesman, the ''de facto'' ruler of the Florentine Republic, and the most powerful patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. Lorenzo held the balance of power within the Italic League, an alliance of states that stabilized political conditions on the Italian Peninsula for decades, and his life coincided with the mature phase of the Italian Renaissance and the golden age of Florence. As a patron, he is best known for his sponsorship of artists such as Botticelli and Michelangelo. On the foreign policy front, Lorenzo manifested a clear plan to stem the territorial ambitions of Pope Sixtus IV, in the name of the balance of the Italic League of 1454. For these reasons, Lorenzo was the subject of the Pazzi conspiracy (1478), in which his brother Giuliano di Piero de' Medici, Giuliano was assassinated. The Peace of Lodi of 1454 that he supported among the various List of h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monterotondo
Monterotondo is a town and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Rome, central Italy. History According to some historians, Monterotondo is the heir of the ancient Sabine town of Eretum, although the modern settlement appeared in the 10th-11th centuries in a different location. The name derives from the medieval corruption (then ''Mons Teres'', then ''Monte Ritondo'') of the original ''Mons Eretum''. In the Middle Ages, due to its location across the Via Salaria, Monterotondo was a strategic point for the defense of Rome. Initially under the Capocci family, it was sold in the 12th century to the Orsini, who held it until the 18th century. In 1432, it was seized by the ''condottiero'' Niccolò Fortebraccio, and in 1485, it was set on fire by the Orsini. In 1634, the Barberini acquired the town, restoring or enlarging several edifices, and building the cathedral in 1639. On 28 April 1864, the Rome and Monterotondo Rail Road was opened for service. In 1943, after the Italian a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Friars Minor Capuchin
The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (; postnominal abbr. OFMCap) is a religious order of Franciscan friars within the Catholic Church, one of three " First Orders" that reformed from the Franciscan Friars Minor Observant (OFMObs, now OFM), the other being the Conventuals (OFMConv). Franciscans reformed as Capuchins in 1525 with the purpose of regaining the original Habit (tunic) of St. Francis of Assisi and also for returning to a stricter observance of the rule established by Francis of Assisi in 1209. History Origins The Order arose in 1525 when Matteo da Bascio, an Observant Franciscan friar native to the Italian region of Marche, said he had been inspired by God with the idea that the manner of life led by the friars of his day was not the one which their founder, St. Francis of Assisi, had envisaged. He sought to return to the primitive way of life of solitude and penance, as practised by the founder of their Order. His religious superiors tried to suppress the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niccolò Fortebraccio
Niccolò Fortebraccio (1375–1435), also known as Niccolò della Stella, was an Italian condottiero. Born in Sant'Angelo in Vado, he was the son of Stella, sister of Braccio da Montone. His half-brother Oddo and his cousin Carlo were also condottieri. In 1426 and 1429, he is mentioned at the service of the Republic of Florence. On the latter occasion he was sent against Volterra and Lucca, but, together with Guidantonio da Montefeltro, he was defeated by Niccolò Piccinino in 1430. The following year Pope Eugene IV ordered him to recapture Città di Castello, but Fortebraccio was pushed back. Despite this setback, Eugene made him gonfaloniere of the Papal Army with the task to halt emperor Sigismund's march in Tuscany and to counter the Prefetti di Vico in the Latium. However, as Fortebraccio pursued mostly his personal interests, especially regarding the possession of Città di Castello, he was fired. Having received a ''condotta'' by the Visconti of Milan, in 1434 he moved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
