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Investigating Committee For Preparatory Work For Independence
The Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence ( id, Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan, BPUPK; ja, 独立準備調査会, Hepburn: , Nihon-shiki / Kunrei-shiki: ), sometimes referred to as the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence ( id, Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, BPUPKI), was an organization set up in March 1945 by the Japanese military authority in Java during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies as the initial stage of the establishment of independence for the area under the control of the Japanese 16th Army. The BPUPK held two plenary meetings; the first was from 28 May to 1 June 1945 and the second was between 10 and 17 July 1945. Background Realising Japan was losing the war, on 7 September 1944, in a session of the Japanese parliament, Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso promised independence for the utch'East Indies' at "sometime in the future". The Japanese navy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shōwa Day
is a public holiday in Japan held on April 29. It honors the birthday of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito), the reigning emperor from 1926 to 1989. Shō (昭) means “shining” or “bright”, and wa (和) means “peace”, signifying the "enlightened peace" that citizens receive. According to the now defunct Democratic Party of Japan, the purpose of the holiday is to encourage public reflection on the turbulent 63 years of Hirohito's reign.BBC news report Japan names day after Hirohito (BBC News, May 13, 2005). 
Coincidentally, Shōwa Day happen ...
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Abdurrahman Baswedan
Abdurrahman Baswedan, also known as AR Baswedan ( ar, عبد الرحمن باسويدان '; 9 September 1908 – 16 March 1986) was a nationalist, journalist, Indonesian freedom fighter, diplomat, and writer. During his political life, AR Baswedan was a member of the Central Advisory Council during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies and of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK), served as Deputy Minister of Information of the Third Sjahrir Cabinet, was a member of the Central Indonesian National Committee Working Group (Badan Pekerja Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat, BP KNIP), a member of Parliament, and also a member of the Indonesian Constitutional Assembly. AR Baswedan was one of Indonesia's first diplomats who successfully gained de jure and de facto international recognition for the Republic of Indonesia (from Egypt). He was awarded the title of National Hero of Indonesia in 2018. Independence Fighter AR Baswedan was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Yamin
Mohammad Yamin (24 August 1903 – 17 October 1962) was an Indonesian poet, politician and national hero who played a key role in the writing of the draft preamble to the 1945 constitution. Early life and education Yamin was born on 28 August 1903 in Talawi, Sawahlunto on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. He was educated at Dutch schools for natives, firstly at a Hollandsch-Inlandsche School, then at a Algemene Middelbare School in Yogyakarta. In 1932 he obtained a law degree in Jakarta. In the early 1930s, Yamin was active in journalist circles, joining the editorial board of the newspaper ''Panorama'', together with Liem Koen Hian, Sanusi Pane and Amir Sjarifuddin. In mid-1936, together with his colleagues Liem, Pane and Sjarifuddin, Yamin started another newspaper, ''Kebangoenan'' (1936–1941), which—as with ''Panorama''—was published by Phoa Liong Gie's Siang Po Printing Press. Literary legacy Yamin began his literary career as a writer in the 1920s, when Indone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wahid Hasyim
Abdul Wahid Hasyim (June 1, 1914 – April 19, 1953) was the first Minister of Religious Affairs in the government of President Sukarno of Indonesia, a post he held in 1945, and from 1949 to 1952. He was the son of Nahdlatul Ulama founder Hasyim Asy'ari and went on to lead the organization. In the future his son, Abdurrahman Wahid, also held the same office in NU, and later was elected as President of Indonesia in 1999. One of the main roads in central Jakarta, Jalan Wahid Hasyim, is named after him. Early life Hasyim was born in 1914 as a child of Hasyim Asy'ari and one of his wives, Nafiqoh. Both Asy’ari and Nafiqoh hailed from ulema families in East Java. Hasyim is Asy'ari's first-born male and his fifth child. He spent most of his childhood in Jombang, which included attending a pesantren that his father founded, Pesantren Tebuireng. By 1926, he had finished his schooling in Tebuireng and spent two years continuing his education in various East Java pesantren as was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abikusno Tjokrosujoso
Abikusno Tjokrosujoso (also spelled Abikoesno Tjokrosoejoso, or Abikusno Cokrosuyoso; 1897–1968) was one of the Founding Fathers of Indonesian Independence and a signatory to the constitution. During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Tjokrosoejoso was a key figure in Masjumi, and was a member of the Central Advisory Council.. He later served on the "Committee of Nine” (Panitia Sembilan) that drafted the preamble (known as the Jakarta Charter The Jakarta Charter ( id, Piagam Jakarta) was a document drawn up by members of the Indonesian Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK) on 22 June 1945 in Jakarta that later formed the basis of the preamble to the Con ...) to Indonesia's 1945 constitution. After independence, he served as the Minister of Transportation in Sukarno's first Presidential Cabinet, and also became an advisor to the Bureau of Public Works. Tjokrosujono was the younger brother of Oemar Tjokroaminoto, the first lead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo
Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo (22 October 1890 – 20 December 1976) was an Indonesian politician who served as the first Governor of West Java in 1945. A former member of the Volksraad, he was also renowned for the 1936 Soetardjo Petition. Early life and education Soetardjo was born on 22 October 1890 in the village of Kunduran, within what is today Blora Regency. He was the sixth of eight siblings. His father Kartoredjo was a district chief in Tuban. He began attending an ''Europeesche Lagere School'' (elementary school) at the age of 8, despite the age limit for such schools being 6; according to a book later published by the Ministry of Education and Culture, Kartohadikusumo "had to be made 2 years younger" to fit this age limit. He continued to study at a school for native bureaucrats (') in Magelang, during which he joined Budi Utomo and became chairman of its local office. Career After a one-month internship, he was appointed as an assistant scribe at the Rembang Residency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soepomo
Soepomo (EYD: Supomo; 22 January 1903 – 12 September 1958) was an Indonesian politician and lawyer who served as the country's first Minister of Justice from August until November 1945 and again from December 1949 until 6 September 1950. Known as the father of Indonesia's constitution, he was posthumously declared an Indonesian National Hero by President Sukarno in 1965. Early life and education Soepomo was born on 22 January 1903, in Sukoharjo, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). He came from a noble family; his maternal and paternal grandfathers were both high-ranking government officials. He began his education in 1917, when he was enrolled at a ''Europeesche Lagere School'' (ELS) in Boyolali. He graduated in 1920, and continued his studies to a '' Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs'' (MULO) in Surakarta. In 1923, he moved to Batavia (now Jakarta) and attended the '' Rechts Hogeschool'' (RHS). After graduating from RHS, he took a job at a court in Surakarta, before le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agus Salim
''Haji'' Agus Salim (; October 8, 1884 – November 4, 1954) was an Indonesian journalist, diplomat, and statesman. He served as Indonesia's Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1947 and 1949. Early life Agus Salim was born Masjhoedoelhaq Salim on October 8, 1884, in the village of Koto Gadang, a suburb of Fort de Kock. His father, Sutan Mohammad Salim, was a colonial prosecutor and judge whose highest rank was chief judge for the indigenous court in Tanjung Pinang. His birth name, which translates into "defender of truth", was changed into Agus Salim early in his childhood. Salim received his elementary education at ''Europeesche Lagere School''; at that time, it was considered a privilege for a non-European child to attend an all-European school. He continued his studies at the ''Hogere Burgerschool'' in Batavia, and graduated with the highest score in the whole Dutch East Indies. Salim's father had applied (and was granted) for his two sons, Agus and Jacob, to be granted e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ki Hajar Dewantara
Raden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); from 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also written as Ki Hajar Dewantoro to reflect its Javanese sounds (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian independence movement activist, writer, columnist, politician, and pioneer of education for native Indonesians in Dutch colonial times. He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that provided education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to the Javanese aristocracy and the Dutch colonials. He was honored as a National Hero of Indonesia by Indonesia's first president, Sukarno, on November 28, 1959. Early life Soewardi was born into Javanese aristocracy, his family belonged to the royal house of Pakualaman. He was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through his father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks to his family's '' priyayi'' (Javanese nobility) background, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mas Mansoer
Mas Mansoer (EYD: Mas Mansur; 25 June 1896 – 25 April 1946) was an Indonesian religious leader who served as the 4th chairman of Muhammadiyah from 1937 to 1942. He was declared a national hero by President Sukarno in 1964. Biography Mas Mansoer was born on 25 June 1896 in Kampung Sawahan, north of Surabaya. His father was Kyai Hajji Mas Ahmad Marzuki, a descendant of the Sumenep royal family and a friend of Kyai Hajji Ahmad Dahlan. His mother was a woman from Surabaya who was of mixed Buginese and Minang descent. At the age of 12, Mansoer went to Mecca to study Islam. He then enrolled at Al-Azhar University in Egypt. During his studies, he read several Western literary works about freedom, humanism, and democracy. He also observed how Egyptian people fought against British colonists to obtain their independence, which influenced his later views. After graduating from Al-Azhar, Mansoer returned to Surabaya and became an ustaz at the Mufidah pesantren. During this perio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Besar Mertokusumo
Besar Mertokusumo (also spelled Besar Martokusumo; 8 July 1894 – 1980) was an Indonesian advocate, said by Daniel S. Lev to be the first. Early life and education Mertokusumo was born in Brebes, Central Java, Dutch East Indies on 8 July 1894 to a prosecutor and his wife; he was the first of two children. He attended elementary school at a Europeesche Lagere School in Pekalongan, graduating in 1909. He then attended the Rechtschool in Batavia, which he graduated in 1915; there, he lived with numerous other Indonesian students under the supervision of a Dutchwoman, studying criminal law. After several years as the Official Seconded ( nl, Ambtenaar Ter Beschikking) at the ''Landraad'' (state court) in Pekalongan, he received a grant to go to Leiden, Netherlands, to study at Leiden University together with eleven others. He graduated in 1922. Legal and political career After being refused equal legal status with the Dutch, Mertokusumo decided to become an advocate. He later esta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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