Icelandic Parliamentary Election, 2013
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Icelandic Parliamentary Election, 2013
Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 27 April 2013. Fifteen parties contested the elections, compared to just seven in the previous elections. The result was a victory for the two centre-right opposition parties, the Independence Party and Progressive Party,Iceland vote: Centre-right opposition wins election
BBC, 28 April 2013
which subsequently formed a coalition government. The parties were and their win brought to a halt partially completed negotiations with the

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2009 Icelandic Parliamentary Election
Snap parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 25 April 2009, following strong pressure from the public as a result of the Icelandic financial crisis. The Social Democratic Alliance and the Left-Green Movement, which formed the outgoing coalition government under Prime Minister Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, both made gains and formed an overall majority of seats in the Althing (Iceland's parliament). The Progressive Party also made gains, and the new Citizens' Movement, formed after the January 2009 protests, gained four seats. The big loser was the Independence Party, which had been in power for 18 years until January 2009: it lost a third of its support and nine seats in the Althing. Background There had been weekly protests in front of the Althing since the collapse of Iceland's three commercial banks in October 2008. These protests intensified with the return of the Althing from Christmas recess on 20 January 2009. Three days later, Prime Minister Geir Haarde of the ...
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been described as a ''sui generis'' political entity (without precedent or comparison) combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.8per cent of the world population in 2020, the EU generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around trillion in 2021, constituting approximately 18per cent of global nominal GDP. Additionally, all EU states but Bulgaria have a very high Human Development Index according to the United Nations Development Programme. Its cornerstone, the Customs Union, paved the way to establishing an internal single market based on standardised legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states have agreed to ac ...
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Kula Samfylkingarinnar
Kula, which translates as ''Tower'' from Serbo-Croatian, may refer to: People *Bob Kula, American football player *Irwin Kula (born 1957), American rabbi and author *Karel Kula (born 1963), Czech footballer Places * Kula, Bihać, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina * Kula (Bugojno), a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina * Kula, Busovača, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina * Kula (Konjic), a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina * Kula (Sokolac), a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina * Kula, Travnik, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina * Kula, Zenica, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina * Kula, Bulgaria, a town and municipality in Vidin Province, Bulgaria * Kula, Croatia, a village in Požega-Slavonia County, Croatia * Kula, Ethiopia, a town in Ethiopia * Kula Eco Park, a zoological park near Sigatoka, Fiji * Kula, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran * Kula, Serbia, a town and municipality in Vojvodina, Serbia * Kula (volcano), a volcanic field in Turkey * Kula, ...
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Rainbow (Iceland)
Rainbow ( is, Regnboginn) is a Eurosceptic and socialist political party in Iceland, founded in March 2013 by former MP Bjarni Harðarson, who had been elected for the Progressive Party, and current MPs Jón Bjarnason and Atli Gíslason, both dissidents from the Left-Green Movement (VG). The party was founded in order to contest the 2013 Icelandic parliamentary election. They successfully applied for the list letter J to contest the 2013 parliamentary election, and submitted an official candidate list on 12 April 2013. History In 2012, the year prior to the formation of the new party, Bjarnason and Gíslason left VG to sit as independents. On 16 March 2013, Thorstein Bergsson, a candidate for the Left-Green Movement, announced he was leaving the party and joining Rainbow, saying he was disappointed by the party's position on the EU. The party subsequently announced Bergsson would have the number two spot on the party's list in the Northeast constituency. Ideology The pa ...
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Pirate Party (Iceland)
The Pirate Party ( is, Píratar) is a political party in Iceland. The party's platform is based on pirate politics and direct democracy. History The Icelandic Pirate Party was founded on 24 November 2012 by Birgitta Jónsdóttir (previously a member of the Movement) and several Internet activists, including Smári McCarthy. The party successfully applied for the ballot list letter Þ (resembling the party's logo) in order to run in the 2013 election. In July 2016, the party requested and was issued the letter P for future elections. In their first electoral participation, at the 2013 parliamentary election, the Pirate Party won 5.1% of the votes, just above the 5% threshold required to win representation in the Althing. The three members elected, Birgitta Jónsdóttir, Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson, and Jón Þór Ólafsson, were the first pirates elected to any national legislature in the world. Following the ''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting on 7 January 2015, the Pirate Party began ...
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Bright Future (Iceland)
Bright Future ( is, Björt framtíð) is a liberal political party in Iceland founded in 2012. The party was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) party and had links to the ALDE Group in the European Parliament,The Reykjavík Grapevine Election Guide 2013
, issue 4, 5 April 2013, p. 20.
although it resigned its membership of ALDE in October 2019.


History

The party was founded on 4 February 2012. Before the 2013 general election, it included two

Member Of Parliament
A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members often have a different title. The terms congressman/congresswoman or deputy are equivalent terms used in other jurisdictions. The term parliamentarian is also sometimes used for members of parliament, but this may also be used to refer to unelected government officials with specific roles in a parliament and other expert advisers on parliamentary procedure such as the Senate Parliamentarian in the United States. The term is also used to the characteristic of performing the duties of a member of a legislature, for example: "The two party leaders often disagreed on issues, but both were excellent parliamentarians and cooperated to get many good things done." Members of parliament typically form parliamentary groups, sometimes called cauc ...
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Solidarity (Iceland)
Solidarity ( is, Samstaða) is a registered political party in Iceland, that was founded 15 January 2012. The leader of the party is Lilja Mósesdóttir. After Lilja Mósesdóttir left the Left-Green Movement in autumn 2011, she became one of the leading founders of the Solidarity party, and worked as the only Solidarity member of parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members o ... for the remaining part of the term until 28 March 2013. The party decided in February 2013, not to participate in the 2013 Icelandic parliamentary election, but informed they still intended to engage and impact the ongoing political debate in Iceland as much as possible, and thus would continue to be officially registered as a political party with list letter C. External links Official websit ...
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Þráinn Bertelsson
Þráinn Bertelsson (born 30 November 1944) is an Icelandic film director, writer, politician, journalist and newspaper editor. He moved into politics in the wake of the financial crisis in 2008, and was elected a member of the Althing in 2009, initially for the Citizens' Movement. He later left the party to become an independent MP, before joining the Left-Green Movement, which he currently represents. Film production Þráinn has written, directed and produced seven feature films. His 1981 film '' Jón Oddur & Jón Bjarni'' (English title: ''The Twins'') won a Silver Award at the 1982 Giffoni Film Festival.Þráinn Bertelsson: Verðlaun og viðurkenningar
Bókmenntir.is,
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Dawn (Iceland)
Dawn, officially Dawn – The Organization of Justice, Fairness and Democracy ( is, Dögun – stjórnmálasamtök um réttlæti, sanngirni og lýðræði) is an Icelandic political organization founded 18 March 2012 to participate in the 2013 parliamentary elections. It was founded as a merger between three political parties: The Movement, Citizens' Movement, and the Liberal Party. Its founders included two current MPs, Margrét Tryggvadóttir and Þór Saari, and two former members of the now defunct Icelandic Constitutional Assembly (Gísli Tryggvason and Lýður Árnason). Lýður Árnason withdrew his membership of the party a year after it was founded. The movement derives its tradition from the protests during the financial crisis that started in 2008 ("Pots and Pans Revolution"). As of 8 January 2013, the party claimed to have reached 2,275 party members (equal to 1% of the electorate). The party presented a deadline on 9 February 2013, for its party members to an ...
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The Movement (Iceland)
The Movement ( is, Hreyfingin) was a political movement in Iceland. It had three members of parliament in the Icelandic Parliament, the Althing. All of them were former Citizens' Movement (CM) MPs. * Þór Saari, economist *Margrét Tryggvadóttir, editor *Birgitta Jónsdóttir, poet, editor and artist The original Citizen's Movement had four members of parliament. However, since one MP, Þráinn Bertelsson, had already left the party in the summer of 2009, none remain. On March 18, 2012, it merged with Citizens' Movement and the Liberal Party to form a new political party called Dawn Dawn is the time that marks the beginning of twilight before sunrise. It is recognized by the appearance of indirect sunlight being scattered in Earth's atmosphere, when the centre of the Sun's disc has reached 18° below the observer's hori .... References External links Party website 2009 establishments in Iceland 2012 disestablishments in Iceland Defunct political parties in Ic ...
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