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It (pronoun)
In Modern English, ''it'' is a grammatical number, singular, Grammatical gender, neuter, Grammatical person, third-person personal pronoun, pronoun. Morphology In Modern English, ''it'' has only three shapes representing five word Morphology (linguistics), forms: * ''it'': the nominative case, nominative (subjective) and Accusative case, accusative (objective) forms. (The accusative case is also called the "Oblique case, oblique".) * ''its:'' the dependent and independent Genitive case, genitive (possessive) forms * ''itself'': the Reflexive pronoun, reflexive and Intensive pronoun, intensive form Historically, though, the morphology is more complex. History Old English Old English had a single third-person pronoun – from the Proto-Germanic language, Proto-Germanic demonstrative base *''khi''-, from Proto-Indo-European language, PIE *''ko''- "this" – which had a plural and three Grammatical gender, genders in the singular. The modern pronoun ''it'' developed out of the ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modern English
Modern English, sometimes called New English (NE) or present-day English (PDE) as opposed to Middle and Old English, is the form of the English language that has been spoken since the Great Vowel Shift in England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ..., which began in the late 14th century and was completed by the 17th century. With some differences in vocabulary, texts that date from the early 17th century, such as the works of William Shakespeare and the King James Bible, are considered Modern English, or more specifically, Early Modern English or Elizabethan era, Elizabethan English. Through colonization, English was adopted in many regions of the world by the British Empire, such as Anglo-America, the Indian subcontinent, Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dative Case
In grammar, the dative case ( abbreviated , or sometimes when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action, as in "", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink". In this example, the dative marks what would be considered the indirect object of a verb in English. Sometimes the dative has functions unrelated to giving. In Scottish Gaelic and Irish, the term ''dative case'' is used in traditional grammars to refer to the prepositional case-marking of nouns following simple prepositions and the definite article. In Georgian and Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu), the dative case can also mark the subject of a sentence.Bhatt, Rajesh (2003). Experiencer subjects. Handout from MIT course “Structure of the Modern Indo-Aryan Languages”. This is called the dative construction. In Hindi, the dative construction is not limited to only certain verbs or tenses and it can be used with any verb in any tense or mood. The dative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Awful German Language
"The Awful German Language" is an 1880 essay by Mark Twain published as Appendix D in '' A Tramp Abroad''. The essay is a humorous exploration of the frustrations a native speaker of English has with learning German as a second language. Background Twain made his first unsuccessful attempt to learn German in 1850 at age fifteen. He resumed his study 28 years later in preparation for a trip to Europe. Upon his arrival in Germany, the fruit of his recent scholarship was attested to in the advice of a friend: "Speak in German, Mark. Some of these people may understand English."Potsdam 2004 pp. 315–316 During this 1878 stay in Germany, Twain had a dream in which, according to his notebook, "all bad foreigners went to German Heaven—couldn't talk and wished they had gone to the other place." "The Awful German Language" was published in the second volume of Twain's ''A Tramp Abroad'', 1880, as appendix D. Gunnar Magnusson describes the work as "Twain's most famous philological essay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, and essayist. He was praised as the "greatest humorist the United States has produced," with William Faulkner calling him "the father of American literature." Twain's novels include ''The Adventures of Tom Sawyer'' (1876) and its sequel, ''Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'' (1884), with the latter often called the "Great American Novel." He also wrote ''A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court'' (1889) and ''Pudd'nhead Wilson'' (1894) and cowrote ''The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today'' (1873) with Charles Dudley Warner. The novelist Ernest Hemingway claimed that "All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called ''Huckleberry Finn''." Twain was raised in Hannibal, Missouri, which later provided the setting for both ''Tom Sawyer'' and ''Huckleberry Finn''. He served an apprenticeship with a printer early in his career, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Language
German (, ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western Europe, Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and Official language, official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It is also an official language of Luxembourg, German-speaking Community of Belgium, Belgium and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol, as well as a recognized national language in Namibia. There are also notable German-speaking communities in other parts of Europe, including: Poland (Upper Silesia), the Czech Republic (North Bohemia), Denmark (South Jutland County, North Schleswig), Slovakia (Krahule), Germans of Romania, Romania, Hungary (Sopron), and France (European Collectivity of Alsace, Alsace). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in the Americas. German is one of the global language system, major languages of the world, with nearly 80 million native speakers and over 130 mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Richard Clark Hall
John Richard Clark Hall (1855 – 6 August 1931) was a British barrister, writer, and scholar of Old English. In his professional life, Hall worked as a clerk at the Local Government Board in Whitehall. Admitted to Gray's Inn in 1881 and Call to the bar, called to the bar in 1896, Hall became principal clerk two years later. Hall's ''A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'' became a widely used work upon its 1894 publication, and after multiple revisions, it remains in print as of 2024. His 1901 prose translation of ''Beowulf''—the tenth in English, known simply as "Clark Hall"—became "the standard trot to ''Beowulf'', and was still the canonical introduction to the poem into the 1960s; several of the later editions included On Translating Beowulf, a prefatory essay by J. R. R. Tolkien. Hall's other work on ''Beowulf'' included a Metre (poetry), metrical translation in 1914, and the translation and collection of Knut Stjerna's Swedish papers on the poem into the 1912 work ''Essays ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angles (tribe)
The Angles (, ) were one of the main Germanic peoples who settled in Great Britain in the post-Roman period. They founded several kingdoms of the Heptarchy in Anglo-Saxon England. Their name, which probably derives from the Angeln peninsula, is the root of the name ''England'' ("Engla land", "Land of the Angles"), and ''English'', in reference to both for its people and language. According to Tacitus, writing around 100 AD, a people known as Angles (Anglii) lived beyond (apparently northeast of) the Lombards and Semnones, who lived near the River Elbe. Etymology The name of the Angles may have been first recorded in Latinised form, as ''Anglii'', in the ''Germania'' of Tacitus. It is thought to derive from the name of the area they originally inhabited, the Angeln peninsula, which is on the Baltic Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein. Two related theories have been advanced, which attempt to give the name a Germanic etymology: # It originated from the Germanic root for "nar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bæddel And Bædling
and are Old English (Anglo-Saxon) terms theorised to refer to non-normative sexual or gender categories. They occur in only five medieval Glossary, glossaries and penitentials (guides for religious penance). Scholars debate their exact meanings (and their distinction, if any), but both are linked to effeminacy and adultery. appears in one glossary, where it glosses "hermaphrodite" and a "man of both sexes", while glosses an "effeminate" or "soft" person. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' states that may be related to the English adjective "bad"; scholars have proposed that the word may share a root with both and . The Old English translation of the medieval penitential ''Paenitentiale Theodori'' distinguishes men from ; it describes men having sex with other men or with as separate offences, and states that must atone for having sex with other . The term has been variously conjectured to refer to people Sex assignment, assigned male at birth who exhibited gender-nonconf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intersex
Intersex people are those born with any of several sex characteristics, including chromosome patterns, gonads, or genitals that, according to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies". Sex assignment at birth usually aligns with a child's external genitalia. The number of births with ambiguous genitals is in the range of 1:4,500–1:2,000 (0.02%–0.05%). Other conditions involve the development of atypical chromosomes, gonads, or hormones. The portion of the population that is intersex has been reported differently depending on which definition of intersex is used and which conditions are included. Estimates range from 0.018% (one in 5,500 births) to 1.7%. The difference centers on whether conditions in which chromosomal sex matches a phenotypic sex which is clearly identifiable as male or female, such as late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia (1.5 percentage points) and Kline ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ælfric Of Abingdon
Ælfric of Abingdon (died 16 November 1005) was a late 10th-century Archbishop of Canterbury. He previously held the offices of abbot of St Albans Abbey and Bishop of Ramsbury, as well as likely being the abbot of Abingdon Abbey. After his election to Canterbury, he continued to hold the bishopric of Ramsbury along with the archbishopric of Canterbury until his death in 1005. Ælfric may have altered the composition of Canterbury's cathedral chapter by changing the clergy serving in the cathedral from secular clergy to monks. In his will he left a ship to King Æthelred II of England as well as more ships to other legatees. Early life Ælfric was the son of an earl of KentBarlow ''English Church 1000–1066'' p. 125 footnote 3 and became a monk of Abingdon Abbey in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire). He was very likely Abbot of AbingdonMason "Ælfric" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' before becoming Abbot of St Albans Abbey around 975,Knowles, et al. ''Heads of Religious ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Man (word)
The term ''man'' (from Proto-Germanic ''*mann-'' ) and words derived from it can designate any or even all of the human race regardless of their sex or age. In traditional usage, ''man'' (without an article) itself refers to the species or to humanity (mankind) as a whole. The Germanic word developed into Old English '' mann''. In Old English, the word still primarily meant "person" or "human," and was used for men, women, and children alike. The sense "adult male" was very rare, at least in the written language. That meaning is not recorded at all until about the year 1000, over a hundred years after the writings of Alfred the Great and perhaps nearly three centuries after ''Beowulf.'' Male and female gender qualifiers were used with in compound words. Adopting the term for humans in general to refer to men is a common development of Romance and Germanic languages, but is not found in most other European languages (Slavic ''čelověkъ'' vs. ''mǫžь'', Greek ἄνθρωπ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
