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Ismail I
Ismail I (; 17 July 1487 – 23 May 1524) was the founder and first shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1501 until his death in 1524. His reign is one of the most vital in the history of Iran, and the Safavid period is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.. Under Ismail, Iran was unified under native rule for the first time since the Islamic conquest of the country eight-and-a-half centuries earlier. Ismail inherited leadership of the Safavid Sufi order from his brother as a child. His predecessors had transformed the religious order into a military movement supported by the Qizilbash (mainly Turkoman Shiite groups). The Safavids took control of Azerbaijan, and in 1501 Ismail was crowned as king (''padshah''). In the following years, Ismail conquered the rest of Iran and other neighboring territories. His expansion into Eastern Anatolia brought him into conflict with the Ottoman Empire. In 1514, the Ottomans decisively defeated the Safavids at the Battle o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardabil
Ardabil (, ) is a city in northwestern Iran. It is in the Central District (Ardabil County), Central District of Ardabil County, Ardabil province, Ardabil province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city of Ardabil lies close to the borders of the Azerbaijan, Republic of Azerbaijan, 40 kilometers from the village of Diqo. As of the 2022 census, Ardabil's population was 588,000. The population of Ardabil County is about 650,000 with the majority Shia, Shia Muslim. For a brief period in the 10th century, Ardabil was the principal city of Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan, but it was eventually replaced by Tabriz. Iran under the Safavids, by Roger Savory /Page 1/ (New York, 1980), in 286 bookmarked and searchable pdf pages, with map and illustrations. Scanned by Robert Bedrosian. Ardabil is known for its trade in silk and carpets. Ardabil rugs are renowned and the ancient Ardabil Carpet, Ardabil carpets are considered among the best of c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aq Qoyunlu
The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (, ; ) was a culturally Persianate society, Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (White Sheep) (1378–1507) and Qaraoyunlu (Black Sheep). They were Persianate Turkoman Confederations of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Azerbaijan." Sunni Islam, SunniMichael M. Gunter, ''Historical dictionary of the Kurds'' (2010), p. 29 Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal confederation. Founded in the Diyar Bakr, Diyarbakir region by Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg, they ruled parts of present-day eastern Turkey from 1378 to 1508, and in their last decades also ruled Armenia, Azerbaijan, much of Iran, Iraq, and Oman where the ruler of Kingdom of Ormus, Hormuz recognised Aq Qoyunlu suzerainty. The Aq Qoyunlu empire reached its zenith under Uzun Hasan. History Etymology The name Aq Qoyunlu, literally meaning "those with w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twelver Shi'ism
Twelver Shi'ism (), also known as Imamism () or Ithna Ashari, is the largest branch of Shi'a Islam, comprising about 90% of all Shi'a Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers to its adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as the Twelve Imams, and their belief that the last Imam, Imam al-Mahdi, lives in occultation (''ghayba'') and will reappear as "the awaited Mahdi" (''al-Mahdi al-muntazar''). Twelver Shi'as believe that the Twelve Imams are divinely appointed as both spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and that they possess special knowledge and authority to guide the Muslim community. According to Twelver theology, the Twelve Imams are exemplary human individuals who rule over the Muslim community (''Ummah'') with justice, and are able to preserve and interpret the Islamic law (Sharia) and the esoteric meaning of the Qur'an. The words and deeds ('' sunnah'') of Muhammad and the Imams are a guide and model for the Musl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alemshah Halime Begum
Alamshah Halima Begum (1460–1522) ( Azerbaijani: عالمشاه حلیمه بیگم) was a Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu princess. She was the daughter of Uzun Hasan and Teodora Despina Khatun, and the mother of Ismail I. Name There are different opinions about her real name. It may have been Halima, Halime, Alamshah, Alemshah, Alamşah, Alemşah, or Martha. Life Her father was the Aq Qoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan and her mother was the daughter of John IV of Trebizond, Theodora Megale Komnene, also known as " Despina Hatun".Michel Kuršanskis"La descendance d'Alexis IV, empereur de Trébizonde. Contribution à la prosopographie des Grands Comnènes" ''Revue des études byzantines'', 37 (1979), pp. 239-247 There is no reliable information about the first years of her life. In 1471 she married Shaykh Haydar, the son of her aunt Khadija Khatun (her father's sister) and the sheikh of the Safavid Order. They had three sons, Ali Mirza Safavi, Ibrahim and Ismail I and four daughters. Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaykh Haydar
Shaykh Haydar or Sheikh Haydar ( ''Shaikh Ḥaidar''; 1459–9 July 1488) was the successor of his father ( Shaykh Junayd) as leader of the Safavid order from 1460 to 1488. Haydar maintained the policies and political ambitions initiated by his father. Under Sheikh Haydar, the order became crystallized as a political movement with an increasingly extremist heterodox Twelver Shi'i coloring and Haydar was viewed as a divine figure by his followers. Shaykh Haydar was responsible for instructing his followers to adopt the scarlet headgear of 12 gores commemorating The Twelve Imams, which led to them being designated by the Turkish term Qizilbash "Red Head". Haydar soon came into conflict with the Shirvanshahs, as well as the Ak Koyunlu, who were allied to the former. Following several campaigns into the North Caucasus, mainly in Circassia and Dagestan, he and his men were eventually trapped in 1488 at Tabasaran by the combined forces of the Shirvanshah Farrukh Yassar and Ya' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safavid Dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (; , ) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from Safavid Iran, 1501 to 1736. Their rule is often considered the beginning of History of Iran, modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires. The Safavid List of monarchs of Persia, Shah Ismail I established the Twelver denomination of Shia Islam, Shi'a Islam as the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, official religion of the Persian Empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order, Safavid Sufi order, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Azerbaijan (Iran), Iranian Azerbaijan region. It was an Iranian dynasty of Kurdish people, Kurdish origin, but during their rule they intermarried with Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman, Georgians, Georgian, Circassians, Circassian, and Pontic Greeks, Pontic GreekAnthony Bryer. "Greeks and Türkmens: The Pontic Exception", ''Dumbarton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahinbanu Khanum
Mahinbanu Sultan (; 1519–1562) was the little daughter of Shah Ismail I of Persia (r. 1524–1576) and Tajlu Khanum. She was the youngest sister of Shah Tahmasb. She had a big influence during the reign of her brother, and acted as his political adviser. Biography Mahinbanu was born in 1519 in Tabriz. She lost her father at the age of five and was given a higher education in the court. She was very interested in politics and Tajlu Khanum introduced her well to it. After her mother's death in 1540, Mahinbanu was chosen as the only advisor to her brother, Shah Tahmasb. During her brother's reign, Mahinbanu was known as the greatest lady of the Safavid Empire. She never married and dedicated his whole life to the government of her father and brother, but after the death of Bahram Mirza, she took care of his three children named Sultan Hossein Mirza, Ibrahim Mirza and Badi-al Zaman Mirza Safavi took charge and brought them up, then at his request the two younger sons of Bahram Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parikhan Khanum (1506–1540)
Parikhan Khanum (; 1506–1540) was a daughter of shah Ismail I of Iran(r. 1501–1524).Newman, Andrew J. (2008). Safavid. I.B. Tauris. pp. 1–281. ISBN 9780857716613. She was born to Tajlu Khanum Tajlu Khanum () or Tajli Begum (), also known by her title of Shah-Begi Khanum (), was a Turkoman princess from the Mawsillu tribe and mother of Tahmasp I. Family While Italian writer Angiolello and Iranian historian Manuchihr Parsaʹdust ag ... and was the sister of Mahinbanu Sultan. Alongside her mother and sister, she participated actively in politics during the reign of her father. References 1506 births 1541 deaths 16th-century Iranian women 16th-century Iranian people Safavid princesses {{Iran-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahram Mirza Safavi
Bahram Mirza Safavi (; 15 September 1517 – 11 October 1549) was a Safavid prince, governor and military commander in 16th-century Iran. He was the youngest son of Shah Ismail I (), the founder of the Safavid dynasty. Throughout his career, he held the governorship of Herat (1530–1533), Gilan (1536/37), and Hamadan (1546–1549). He participated actively in the war with the Ottoman Empire, and also played a key-role in suppressing the rebellion of his brother Alqas Mirza. Bahram Mirza was also a notable patron of the arts, excelling in calligraphy, painting, poetry, and music, being surrounded by some of the same painters and calligraphers as his full brother and sovereign Shah Tahmasp I (). The '' Bahram Mirza Album'', an album of paintings and calligraphic samplings dedicated to him, is preserved at the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul. It appears to have had a significant influence on Safavid Iran's perception of a unique Persian artistic style. Bahram Mirza died on 11 Octobe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alqas Mirza
Abu'l Ghazi Sultan Alqas Mirza (), better known as Alqas Mirza (; 15 March 1516 – 9 April 1550), was a Safavid prince and the second surviving son of king (shah) Ismail I (r. 1501–1524). In early 1546, with Ottoman help, he staged a revolt against his brother Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576), who was king at the time. Early life Alqas Mirza was born on 15 March 1516 (10 Safar 922 AH) in a winter camp near Tabriz as Shah Ismail's third son. According to a source, his name was a word play on ''Qisas'' (retaliation) referring to a desire to beat Ottomans back after Battle of Chaldiran. According to ''Tāriḵ-e Rawżat al-ṣafā-ye nāṣeri'' by Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat, he was born as soon as the news of Selim I's death reached Safavid realm. His mother was Khanbegi khanum Mawsillu, daughter of Sufi Khalil Beg Mawsillu. His military career started as early as in 1528, participating in Battle of Jam (near Zurabad) against Uzbeks. At the age of 16, he was trusted with the governor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sam Mirza Safavi
Sam Mirza (; 1517 – 1566/67) was a Safavid prince and poet in 16th-century Iran, who wrote the ''Tohfa-ye Sami'' ("Gift of Sam"), a collection of biographies of contemporary Persian poets. He was the third son of Shah Ismail I (), the founder of the Safavid dynasty. Sam Mirza was appointed governor of Herat (in present-day Afghanistan) during his early years, following the tradition of educating Safavid princes by assigning them governorships under the supervision of experienced amir of the Qizilbash. During his time in Herat, he witnessed the remnants of the zenith of Persian culture from the reign of the Timurid ruler Sultan Husayn Bayqara (), but also became entangled in the political struggles of his Qizilbash guardians. After an unsuccessful military campaign against the Mughal city of Kandahar in 1534, which resulted in significant losses and the fall of Herat to the Uzbeks from the Khanate of Bukhara, Sam Mirza's political career was effectively ended, despite his attemp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behruzeh Khanum
Behruzeh Khanum (; 16th-century) was a consort of shah Ismail I of Persia (r. 1501–1524). After entering the Safavid imperial harem The Safavid imperial harem refers to the harem of the monarchs of the Safavid dynasty of Iran. The harem of the Safavid shahs played an important role in the history of Safavid Iran (1501-1736). It was the quarters of the women of the Imperia ... as a slave concubine, she became the third wife of Ismail I. References {{Reflist * 16th-century births 16th-century deaths 16th-century Iranian women 16th-century Iranian people Safavid royal consorts Safavid concubines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
