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Ion Wind
Ion wind, ionic wind, corona wind or electric wind is the airflow of charged particles induced by electrostatic forces linked to corona discharge arising at the tips of some sharp conductors (such as points or blades) subjected to high voltage relative to ground. Ion wind is an electrohydrodynamic phenomenon. Ion wind generators can also be considered electrohydrodynamic thruster An ion-propelled aircraft or ionocraft is an aircraft that uses electrohydrodynamics (EHD) to provide lift (force), lift or thrust in the air without requiring combustion or moving parts. Current designs do not produce sufficient thrust for crew ...s. The term "ionic wind" is considered a misnomer due to misconceptions that only positive and negative ions were primarily involved in the phenomenon. A 2018 study found that electrons play a larger role than negative ions during the negative voltage period. As a result, the term "electric wind" has been suggested as a more accurate terminology. This phe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corona Spinner-electrostatic Pinwheel
Corona (from the Latin for 'crown') most commonly refers to: * Stellar corona, the outer atmosphere of the Sun or another star * Corona (beer), a Mexican beer * Corona, informal term for the coronavirus or disease responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic: ** SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ** COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019 Corona may also refer to: Architecture * Corona, a part of a cornice * The Corona, Canterbury Cathedral, the east end of Canterbury Cathedral Businesses and brands Food and drink * Corona (beer), a Mexican beer brand * Corona (restaurant), in the Netherlands * Corona (soft drink), a former brand Technology * Corona (software), a mobile app creation tool * Corona Data Systems, 1980s microcomputer supplier * Corona Labs Inc., an American software company * Corona Typewriter Company, merged into Smith Corona in 1926 * Corona, a version of Microsoft's Xbox 360 technical specifications, Xbox 360 * Chaos Corona, renderin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electric Field Strength
An electric field (sometimes called E-field) is a field (physics), physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles such as electrons. In classical electromagnetism, the electric field of a single charge (or group of charges) describes their capacity to exert attractive or repulsive forces on another charged object. Charged particles exert attractive forces on each other when the sign of their charges are opposite, one being positive while the other is negative, and repel each other when the signs of the charges are the same. Because these forces are exerted mutually, two charges must be present for the forces to take place. These forces are described by Coulomb's law, which says that the greater the magnitude of the charges, the greater the force, and the greater the distance between them, the weaker the force. Informally, the greater the charge of an object, the stronger its electric field. Similarly, an electric field is stronger nearer charged objects and weaker f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulsed Inductive Thruster
A pulsed inductive thruster (PIT) is a form of ion thruster, used in spacecraft propulsion. It is a plasma propulsion engine using perpendicular electric field, electric and magnetic fields to accelerate a propellant with no electrode. Operation A nozzle releases a puff of gas which spreads across a flat spiraling induction coil of wire about 1 meter across. A bank of capacitors releases a pulse of high voltage electric current of tens of kilovolts lasting 10 microseconds into the coil, generating a radial magnetic field. This electromagnetic induction, induces a circular electrical field in the gas, Ionization, ionizing it and causing charged particles (free electrons and ions) to revolve in the opposite direction as the original pulse of current. Because the motion of this induced current flow is perpendicular to the magnetic field, the Plasma (physics), plasma is accelerated out into space by the Lorentz force at a high exhaust velocity (10 to 100 km/s). Advantages U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster
A magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster (MPDT) is a form of electrically powered spacecraft propulsion which uses the Lorentz force (the force on a charged particle by an electromagnetic field) to generate thrust. It is sometimes referred to as a Lorentz Force Accelerator (LFA) or (mostly in Japan) MPD arcjet. Generally, a gaseous material is ionized and fed into an acceleration chamber, where the magnetic and electric fields are created using a power source. The particles are then propelled by the Lorentz force resulting from the interaction between the current flowing through the plasma and the magnetic field (which is either externally applied or induced by the current) out through the exhaust chamber. Unlike chemical propulsion, there is no combustion of fuel. As with other electric propulsion variations, both specific impulse and thrust increase with power input, while thrust per watt drops. There are two main types of MPD thrusters, applied-field and self-field. Applied-field t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnetohydrodynamic Drive
A magnetohydrodynamic drive or MHD accelerator is a method for propelling vehicles using only electric and magnetic fields with no moving parts, accelerating an electrically conductive propellant (liquid or gas) with magnetohydrodynamics. The fluid is directed to the rear and as a reaction, the vehicle accelerates forward. Studies examining MHD in the field of marine propulsion began in the late 1950s. Few large-scale marine prototypes have been built, limited by the low electrical conductivity of seawater. Increasing current density is limited by Joule heating and water electrolysis in the vicinity of electrodes, and increasing the magnetic field strength is limited by the cost, size and weight (as well as technological limitations) of electromagnets and the power available to feed them. In 2023 DARPA launched the PUMP program to build a marine engine using superconducting magnets expected to reach a field strength of 20 Tesla. Stronger technical limitations apply to air-brea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hall-effect Thruster
In spacecraft propulsion, a Hall-effect thruster (HET) is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. Hall-effect thrusters (based on the discovery by Edwin Hall) are sometimes referred to as Hall thrusters or Hall-current thrusters. Hall effect, Hall-effect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons' axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. The Hall-effect thruster is classed as a moderate specific impulse (1,600s) space propulsion technology and has benefited from considerable theoretical and experimental research since the 1960s. Hall thrusters operate on a variety of propellants, the most common being xenon and krypton. Other propellants of interest include argon, bismuth, iodine, magnesium, zinc and adamantane. Hall thrusters are able to accelerate their exhaust to effective exhaust velocity, speeds between 10 and 80 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasma Actuator
Plasma actuators are a type of actuator currently being developed for active aerodynamic flow control (fluid), flow control. Plasma (physics), Plasma actuators impart force in a similar way to ionocraft. Plasma flow control has drawn considerable attention and been used in boundary layer acceleration, airfoil separation control, forebody separation control, turbine blade separation control, axial compressor stability extension, heat transfer and high-speed jet control. ''Dielectric barrier discharge'' (DBD) plasma actuators are widely utilized in airflow control applications. DBD is a type of electrical discharge commonly used in various ''Electrohydrodynamics, electrohydrodynamic'' (EHD) applications. In DBDs, the emitter electrode is connected to a high-voltage source and exposed to the surrounding air, while the collector electrode is grounded and encapsulated within the dielectric material (see figure). When activated, they form a low-temperature plasma between the electrode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ionocraft
An ion-propelled aircraft or ionocraft is an aircraft that uses electrohydrodynamics (EHD) to provide lift or thrust in the air without requiring combustion or moving parts. Current designs do not produce sufficient thrust for crewed flight or useful loads. History Origins The principle of ionic wind propulsion with corona-generated charged particles was discovered soon after the discovery of electricity with references dating to 1709 in a book titled ''Physico-Mechanical Experiments on Various Subjects'' by Francis Hauksbee. VTOL "lifter" experiments American experimenter Thomas Townsend Brown spent much of his life working on the principle, under the mistaken impression that it was an anti-gravity effect, which he named the Biefeld–Brown effect. Since his devices produced thrust in the direction of the field gradient, regardless of the direction of gravity, and did not work in a vacuum, other workers realized that the effect was due to EHD. VTOL ion-propelled aircraf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Thruster
An ion thruster, ion drive, or ion engine is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion. An ion thruster creates a cloud of positive ions from a neutral gas by ionizing it to extract some electrons from its atoms. The ions are then accelerated using electricity to create thrust. Ion thrusters are categorized as either electrostatic or electromagnetic. Electrostatic thruster ions are accelerated by the Coulomb force along the electric field direction. Temporarily stored electrons are reinjected by a ''neutralizer'' in the cloud of ions after it has passed through the electrostatic grid, so the gas becomes neutral again and can freely disperse in space without any further electrical interaction with the thruster. By contrast, electromagnetic thruster ions are accelerated by the Lorentz force to accelerate all species (free electrons as well as positive and negative ions) in the same direction whatever their electric charge, and are specifically refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Ioniser
An air ioniser (or negative ion generator or Chizhevsky's chandelier) is a device that uses high voltage to ionization, ionise (electrically charge) Atmosphere of Earth, air molecules. Negative ions, or anions, are particles with one or more extra electrons, conferring a net negative charge to the particle. Cations are positive ions missing one or more electrons, resulting in a net positive charge. Some commercial air purifiers are designed to generate negative ions. Another type of air ioniser is the electrostatic discharge (ESD) ioniser (balanced ion generator) used to neutralise static charge. History In 1918 Alexander Chizhevsky created the first air ioniser for ion therapy. It was originally used for animal health in agriculture. This discovery ignited Coppy Laws, Cecil Alfred "Coppy" Laws' interest in the phenomenon of air ionisation. Laws has been credited with being the inventor of the domestic air ioniser. Ionic air purifiers Air ionisers are used in air purifiers to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrical Energy
Electrical energy is the energy transferred as electric charges move between points with different electric potential, that is, as they move across a voltage, potential difference. As electric potential is lost or gained, work is done changing the energy of some system. The amount of work in Joule, joules is given by the product of the charge that has moved, in Coulomb, coulombs, and the potential difference that has been crossed, in Volt, volts. Electrical energy is usually sold by the kilowatt hour (1 kW·h = 3.6 MJ) which is the product of the power in kilowatts multiplied by running time in hours. Electric utilities measure energy using an electricity meter, which keeps a running total of the electrical energy delivered to a customer. Electric heating is an example of converting electrical energy into thermal energy. The simplest and most common type of electric heater uses electrical resistance to convert the energy. There are other ways to use electrical energy. Electri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
