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Ion Antonescu
Ion Antonescu (; ; – 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and Mareșal (Romania), marshal who presided over two successive Romania during World War II, wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister of Romania, Prime Minister and ''Conducător'' during most of World War II. Having been responsible for facilitating the Holocaust in Romania, he was overthrown in 1944, before being tried for war crimes and executed two years later in 1946. A Romanian Army career officer who made his name during the 1907 Romanian peasants' revolt, 1907 peasants' revolt and the Romania in World War I, World War I Romanian campaign, the antisemitic Antonescu sympathized with Far-right politics, far-right and Fascism, fascist politics. He was a military attaché to France and later Chief of the Romanian General Staff, Chief of the General Staff, briefly serving as Ministry of National Defense (Romania), Defence Minister in the National Christian cabinet of Octavian Goga as well as the subsequent F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marshal Of Romania
Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated offices, such as in military rank and civilian law enforcement. In most countries, the rank of Marshal is the highest Army rank (equivalent to a five-star General of the Army in the United States). Etymology ''Marshal'' is an ancient loanword from Old French ''mareschal'' (cf. Modern French ''maréchal''), which in turn is borrowed from Old Frankish *' "stable boy, keeper, servant", attested by Medieval Latin ''mariscalcus'' from a Proto-Germanic ''*maraχskalkaz'' (cf. Old High German ''marahschalh'')p. 93b-283a, T. F. Hoad, ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology'' (Oxford University Press, 1993) being still evident in Middle Dutch ''maerscalc'', ''marscal'', and in modern Dutch ''maarschalk'' (="military chief commander"; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radu R
Radu may refer to: People * Radu (given name), Romanian masculine given name * Radu (surname), Romanian surname * Rulers of Wallachia, see * Prince Radu of Romania (born 1960), disputed pretender to the former Romanian throne Other uses * Radu (weapon), a Romanian radiological weapon * Radu, Iran (other), multiple places * A tributary of the Mraconia in Mehedinți County, Romania * A tributary of the Tarcău in Neamț County, Romania * Radu Vladislas, a fictional vampire and the primary antagonist of the ''Subspecies'' film series See also * Radu Negru (other) * Radu Vodă (other) Radu Vodă may refer to: * Negru Vodă, a 13th-century voivode of Wallachia (Romania) * Radu Vodă, a village in Lupșanu Commune, Călăraşi County * Radu Vodă, a village in Izvoarele Commune, Giurgiu County * Radu Vodă Monastery in Buc ... * * Ruda (other) {{disambig, place ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Antonescu
Maria Antonescu (née Niculescu; 3 November 1892 – 18 October 1964), also known as Maria General Antonescu, Maria Mareșal Antonescu, or Rica Antonescu, was a Romanian socialite and philanthropist and the wife of World War II authoritarian prime minister and '' Conducător'' Ion Antonescu. A long-time resident of France, she was twice married before her wedding to Antonescu, and became especially known for her leadership of charitable organization grouped in the Social Works Patronage Council organization, having Veturia Goga for her main collaborator. The Council profited significantly from antisemitic policies targeting Romanian Jews, and especially from the deportation of Bessarabian Jews into Transnistria, taking over several hundred million lei resulting from arbitrary confiscations and extortion. Arrested soon after the August 1944 coup which overthrew her husband, Maria Antonescu was briefly a prisoner of war in the Soviet Union, and, after a period of uncertainty, tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation München
Operation München () was the Romania, Romanian codename of a joint Nazi Germany, German-Romanian offensive during the Operation Barbarossa, German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II, with the primary objective of recapturing Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region, ceded by Romania to the Soviet Union a year before (Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina). The operation started during the night of 2–3 July 1941 and concluded successfully after 24 days of fighting. Axis formations involved included the Romanian Third Army (Romania), Third Army (under the command of Petre Dumitrescu) in the north; the German 11th Army (Wehrmacht), Eleventh Army and subordinated Romanian units (under the command of Eugen Ritter von Schobert) in the center; and the Romanian Fourth Army (Romania), Fourth Army (under the command of Nicolae Ciupercă) in the south. The invasion was followed by a genocide against the Jewish population of Bessarabia. The offen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Execution By Firing Squad
Execution by firing squad, in the past sometimes called fusillading (from the French , rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are usually readily available and a gunshot to a vital organ, such as the brain or heart, most often will kill relatively quickly. Procedure A firing squad is normally composed of at least several shooters, all of whom are usually instructed to fire simultaneously, thus preventing both disruption of the process by one member and identification of who fired the lethal shot. To avoid disfigurement due to multiple shots to the head, the shooters are typically instructed to aim at the heart, sometimes aided by a paper or cloth target. The prisoner is typically blindfolded or Hood (headgear), hooded as well as restrained. Execution (legal), Executions can be carried out with the condemned either standing or sitting. There is a tradition in some jurisdiction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jilava
Jilava is a commune in Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania, near Bucharest. It is composed of a single village, Jilava. The name derives from a Romanian word of Slavic origin ( Bulgarian жилав ''žilav'' (tough), which passed into Romanian as ''jilav'') meaning "humid place". In this commune there is an operating prison and also the Fort 13 Jilava. Fort 13 Jilava Jilava was the location of a fort built by King Carol I of Romania, as part of the capital's defense system. At a later date, the fort was converted into a prison. Jilava Prison is now a historical monument. This prison is the site where, on November 26–27, 1940, the Iron Guard authorities of the National Legionary State killed 64 political prisoners as revenge for the previous killing of their leader Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (see '' Jilava Massacre''); it was also here that Ion Antonescu, dictator ('' Conducător'') of Romania during World War II, was executed for war crimes in 1946 and where on 23 October 1971 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitești
Pitești () is a city in Romania, located on the river Argeș (river), Argeș. The capital and largest city of Argeș County, it is an important commercial and industrial center, as well as the home of two universities. Pitești is situated in the historical region of Muntenia. It lies on the A1 freeway (Romania), A1 freeway connecting the city directly to the national capital Bucharest, being an important railway junction, with a classification yard in nearby Bălilești. The city houses the Arpechim Refinery, Arpechim oil refinery, and is a marketing center for the Automotive industry in Romania, automotive industry, in particular, Automobile Dacia. Inhabited since Prehistory of the Balkans, prehistoric times but first mentioned in the 14th century, it developed as a trading town in northern Wallachia, serving as an informal residence for various Rulers of Wallachia, Wallachian Princes until the 18th century. From the 19th century and until the interwar period, it was an importa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolae Samsonovici
Nicolae Samsonovici (August 7, 1877–September 16, 1950) was a Romanian general. He attended officer training school in Bucharest from 1897 and afterwards joined an infantry regiment in a Romanian Army regiment. Samsonovici commanded a battalion during the Second Balkan War and during the First World War served was chief of staff of, successively, a division, corps and army. He ended the war in command of the 77th Infantry Regiment. Samsonovici was promoted to general rank in 1919 and served on the army staff; in the 1930s, he served as Chief of the General Staff and as Defense Minister. He resigned from active duty in 1937 upon which he was promoted to the rank of army corps general. Samsonovici was arrested by the communist regime in 1950 and died in prison. Origins through World War I Born in Dorohoi to Costache and Agripina Samsonovici, he graduated from the soldiers’ sons’ school in Iași in 1895 and from the Bucharest officers’ school in 1897. He was then ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carol II
Carol II (4 April 1953) was King of Romania from 8 June 1930, until his forced abdication on 6 September 1940. As the eldest son of Ferdinand I of Romania, King Ferdinand I, he became crown prince upon the death of his grand-uncle, King Carol I, in 1914. He was the first Romanian king to be born in Romania, as both of his predecessors had been born in Germany and came to Romania only as adults. As such, he was the first member of the Hohenzollern family who spoke Romanian language, Romanian as his first language and was also the first to be raised in the Romanian Orthodox Church, Romanian Orthodox faith. Carol's life and reign were surrounded by controversy, such as his desertion from the army during World War I. Another controversy was his marriage to Zizi Lambrino, who was not from a royal lineage. After the dissolution of his first marriage, he met Princess Helen of Greece and Denmark, daughter of King Constantine I of Greece, married her in March 1921, and later that year had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Of The Romanian General Staff
The Chief of General Staff () is the highest professional military authority in the Romanian Armed Forces. He is appointed by the President of Romania, at the Ministry of National Defense (Romania), National Defense Minister's proposal (with the approval of the Prime Minister of Romania, Prime Minister) on a four-year period, with the possibility of one-year extension. The Deputy Chief of General Staff or one of the Chiefs of the Services can be appointed in this position. Role of the General Staff According to Law no. 346 from 21 July 2006 (art. 12), the General Staff provides for: * Force command; * Organization; * Planning and making operational; * Gradual increase of readiness levels; * Mobilization; * Conduct of joint operations; * Troops' training; * Basic and specialty training of the active-duty and reserve military personnel; * Military personnel individual career management; * Armaments planning; * Standardization in the military field; * Implementation of the C4ISR, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radu Irimescu
Radu Irimescu (December 9, 1890 – May 1975) was a Romanian businessman, politician, and diplomat. The son of an admiral, Irimescu joined the Romanian Navy and, being first in his class, was sent to Germany, as a pre-World War I Romanian-German convention provided. Based in Kiel, he was a cadet in the Imperial German Navy and, again at the head of his class, was appointed a German naval officer, serving two years on a man of war, then being obliged to return to Romania. Admiral von Tirpitz himself held Irimescu in high esteem. However, he became dissatisfied with his career in the Romanian Navy: after cruising the world on a German man of war, commanding a Danube monitor or a Black Sea torpedo boat was not very attractive to him and he left the navy after two years. He was then granted leave to attend courses at the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin), from where he graduated with excellent marks. During World War I, Major Irimesc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
