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Investigating Committee For Preparatory Work For Independence
The Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (, abbreviated as BPUPK; , Hepburn: , Nihon-shiki / Kunrei-shiki: ), sometimes referred to, but better known locally, as the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence (, BPUPKI), was an organization set up on 1 March 1945 by the Japanese military authority in Java during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies as the initial stage of the establishment of independence for the area under the control of the Japanese 16th Army. The BPUPK held two plenary meetings; the first was from 28 May to 1 June 1945 and the second was between 10 and 17 July 1945. A BPUPK was also established in Sumatra. Background Realising Japan was losing the war, on 7 September 1944, in a session of the Japanese parliament, Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso promised independence for the utch'East Indies' at "sometime in the future". The Japanese navy was not supportive of the idea, but the 25th Army in S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preparatory Committee For Indonesian Independence
The Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (, abbreviated as PPKI; , Hepburn romanization, Hepburn: ) was a body established on 7 August 1945 to prepare for the transfer of authority from the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, occupying Japanese to Indonesia. It approved and promulgated the first Constitution of Indonesia, and appointed Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta as the first President of Indonesia, president and vice president of Indonesia, respectively. Background In two sessions from May to July 1945, the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK) decided on Pancasila (politics), Pancasila as the ideological basis of independent Indonesia, and produced a draft constitution. With the war turning against them, the Japanese, who were Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, occupying Indonesia, decided to grant independence in order to create problems for the returning Dutch colonial authorities. The plan was that Java would be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blitar
Blitar is a landlocked city in East Java, Indonesia, about 73 km from Malang and 167 km from Surabaya. The area lies within longitude 111° 40' – 112° 09' East and its latitude is 8° 06' South. The city of Blitar lies at an altitude on average 167 metres above sea level, and is an enclave within Blitar Regency which surrounds the city on all sides. It covers an area of 32.57 km2, and had a population of 131,968 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 149,149 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 159,781 (comprising 79,651 males and 80,130 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Blitar Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3572) The city is noted as the location of the grave of Sukarno, the first president of Indonesia, five kilometers from the city plaza. The ''Istana Gebang'' (Gebang palace) where Sukarno lived as a child is nearby and has been converted into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soepomo
Soepomo ( EYD: Supomo; 22 January 1903 – 12 September 1958) was an Indonesian politician and lawyer who served as the country's first Minister of Justice from August until November 1945 and again from December 1949 until 6 September 1950. Known as the father of Indonesia's constitution, he was posthumously declared an Indonesian National Hero by President Sukarno in 1965. Early life and education Soepomo was born on 22 January 1903, in Sukoharjo, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). He came from a noble family; his maternal and paternal grandfathers were both high-ranking government officials. He began his education in 1917 when he was enrolled at a '' Europeesche Lagere School'' (ELS) in Boyolali. He graduated in 1920 and continued his studies at '' Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs'' (MULO) in Surakarta. In 1923, he moved to Batavia (now Jakarta) and attended the '' Rechts Hogeschool'' (RHS). After graduating from RHS, he took a job at a court in Surakarta, before leav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agus Salim
''Haji'' Agus Salim (; 8 October 1884 – 4 November 1954) was an Indonesian journalist, diplomat, and statesman. He served as Indonesia's Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1947 and 1949. Early life Agus Salim was born Masjhoedoelhaq Salim on 8 October 1884, in the village of Koto Gadang, a suburb of Fort de Kock. His father, Sultan Mohammad Salim, was a colonial prosecutor and judge whose highest rank was chief judge for the indigenous court in Tanjung Pinang. His birth name, which translates into "defender of truth", was changed to Agus Salim early in his childhood. Salim received his elementary education at ''Europeesche Lagere School''; at that time, it was considered a privilege for a non-European child to attend an all-European school. He continued his studies at the ''Hogere Burgerschool'' in Batavia and graduated with the highest score in the whole Dutch East Indies. Salim's father had applied (and was granted) for his two sons, Agus and Jacob, to be granted equal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ki Hajar Dewantara
Raden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat ( EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); from 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also written as Ki Hajar Dewantoro to reflect its Javanese pronunciation (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian independence movement activist, writer, columnist, politician, and pioneer of education for native Indonesians in Dutch colonial times. He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that provided education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to the Javanese aristocracy and the Dutch colonials. He was honored as a National Hero of Indonesia by Indonesia's first president, Sukarno, on 28 November 1959. Early life Soewardi was born into Javanese aristocracy, his family belonged to the royal house of Pakualaman. He was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through his father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks to his family's '' priyayi'' (Javanese nobility) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mas Mansoer
Mas Mansoer ( EYD: Mas Mansur; 25 June 1896 – 25 April 1946) was an Indonesian religious leader who served as the 4th chairman of Muhammadiyah from 1937 to 1942. He was declared a national hero by President Sukarno in 1964. Biography Mas Mansoer was born on 25 June 1896 in Kampung Sawahan, north of Surabaya. His father was Kyai Hajji Mas Ahmad Marzuki, a descendant of the Sumenep royal family and a friend of Kyai Hajji Ahmad Dahlan. His mother was a woman from Surabaya who was of mixed Buginese and Minang descent. At the age of 12, Mansoer went to Mecca to study Islam. He then enrolled at Al-Azhar University in Egypt. During his studies, he read several Western literary works about freedom, humanism, and democracy. He also observed how Egyptian people fought against British colonists to obtain their independence, which influenced his later views. After graduating from Al-Azhar, Mansoer returned to Surabaya and became a Ustaz at the Mufidah pesantren. During this peri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Besar Mertokusumo
Besar Mertokusumo (also spelled Besar Martokusumo; 8 July 1894 – 1980) was an Indonesian advocate, said by Daniel S. Lev to be the first. Early life and education Mertokusumo was born in Brebes, Central Java, Dutch East Indies on 8 July 1894 to a prosecutor and his wife; he was the first of two children. He attended elementary school at a Europeesche Lagere School in Pekalongan, graduating in 1909. He then attended the Rechtschool in Batavia, which he graduated in 1915; there, he lived with numerous other Indonesian students under the supervision of a Dutchwoman, studying criminal law. After several years as the Official Seconded () at the ''Landraad'' (state court) in Pekalongan, he received a grant to go to Leiden, Netherlands, to study at Leiden University together with eleven others. He graduated in 1922. Legal and political career After being refused equal legal status with the Dutch, Mertokusumo decided to become an advocate. He later established a law firm in Tegal, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdoel Gaffar Pringgodigdo
Prof. Mr. Abdoel Gaffar Pringgodigdo (24 August 1904 – 1988) was the Minister of Justice of Indonesia from 21 January to 6 September 1950. Biography Pringgodigdo was born in Bojonegoro, East Java, Dutch East Indies on 24 August 1904. He was the older brother of diplomat Abdoel Kareem Pringgodigdo. After two years of elementary school, he studied at a Europeesche Lagere School from 1911 to 1918, then at the Hogere Burger School. After graduating in 1923, he went to Leiden, Netherlands, to study at Leiden University, where he graduated in 1927 with a law degree. He also received a ''cum laude'' degree in ''Indoloogie'', the study of the Dutch East Indies. After returning to Indonesia, Pringgodigdo took a job as a scribe (), later becoming the leader () of Karang Kobar in the eastern part of Purbalingga Regency. Towards the end of the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Pringgodigdo served on the Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence as secretary f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soeroso
Raden Panji Soeroso ( EYD: Suroso; 3 November 1893 – 16 May 1981) was an Indonesian politician and labor union activist. He served in various positions throughout his career, including as the first governor of Central Java and a minister in several cabinets. He was also the leader of the '' Persatuan Vakbond Pegawei Negeri'' union federation and was active in the Parindra political party during the colonial period. He was also a member of the BPUPK and PPKI committees. He also founded the Civil Servants Cooperative Republic of Indonesia. In 1986, he was made a national hero by presidential decree. He died in Indonesia. Personal life One of his sons was Raden Panji Soejono (1926–present), an antiquities expert and senior archaeologist in Indonesia. Soejono is a professor of prehistoric archeology at several universities in Indonesia. Among others: the University of Indonesia, Gadjah Mada University Gadjah Mada University (; , abbreviated as UGM) is a public research ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shōwa Day
is a public holiday in Japan held on April 29. It honors the birthday of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito), the reigning emperor from 1926 to 1989. Shō (昭) means "shining" or "bright", and wa (和) means "peace", signifying the "enlightened peace" that citizens receive. According to the now defunct Democratic Party of Japan, the purpose of the holiday is to encourage public reflection on the turbulent 62 years of Hirohito's reign, ranging from totalitarianism to the post-war reconstruction and transition into a democratic state.BBC news report Japan names day after Hirohito (BBC News, May 13, 2005). History Emperor Hirohito died on January 7, 1989. April 29 was subsequently no longer celebrated as[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madura
is an list of islands of Indonesia, Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. The island comprises an area of approximately (administratively including various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are administratively part of Madura's easternmost Sumenep Regency). Administratively, Madura is part of the province of East Java. It is separated from Java by the narrow Madura Strait. The administered area had a density of 773 people per km2 (2,003 per sq. mile) in mid-2024, while the main island had a somewhat higher figure of 862.3 per km2 (2,233 per sq. mile).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, ''Kabupaten Sumenep Dalam Angka 2025'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3529) Etymology Madura is named for Madurai, the home of the Hinduism, Hindu deity Vishnu, Azhagar.Ed. Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson, 1903-09The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 : explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java
Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, projected to rise to 158 million at mid 2025, Java is the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, home to approximately 55.7% of the Demographics of Indonesia, Indonesian population (only approximately 44.3% of Indonesian population live outside Java). Indonesia's capital city, Jakarta, is on Java's northwestern coast. Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies. Java was also the center of the History of Indonesia, Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
