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Igbo Women's War Of 1929
The Women's War ( Igbo: ''Ogu Umunwanyi''; Ibibio: ''Ekong Iban'') were a period of unrest in colonial Nigeria in November 1929. The protests broke out when thousands of Igbo women from the Bende District, Umuahia and other places in Nigeria traveled to the town of Oloko to protest against the Warrant Chiefs, whom they accused of restricting the role of women in the government. The protest encompassed women from six ethnic groups (Igbo, Ibibio, Andoni, Ogoni, Efik, and Ijaw). It was organised and led by the rural women of Owerri and Calabar provinces. The modus operandi of the protests involved 'sit-in' by the women. During the events, many Warrant Chiefs were forced to resign, and 16 Native Courts were attacked, most of which were destroyed. It was the first major revolt by women in West Africa. In 1930 the colonial government abolished the system of warrant chieftains, and appointed women to the Native Court system. These reforms were built upon by the African women and h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonial Nigeria
Colonial Nigeria was ruled by the British Empire from the mid-nineteenth century until 1st of October 1960 when Nigeria achieved independence. Britain Lagos Treaty of Cession, annexed Lagos Colony, Lagos in 1861 and established the Oil River Protectorate in 1884. British influence in the Niger area increased gradually over the 19th century, but Britain did not effectively occupy the area until 1885. Other European powers acknowledged Britain's dominance over the area in the 1885 Berlin Conference. From 1886 to 1899, much of the country was ruled by the Royal Niger Company, authorised by charter, and governed by George Taubman Goldie. In 1900, the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate passed from company hands to the Crown. At the urging of Governor Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, Frederick Lugard, the two territories were amalgamated as the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, while maintaining considerable regional autonomy among the three major regio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abeokuta Women's Union
The Abeokuta Women's Revolt (also called the Egba Women's Tax Riot) was a resistance movement led by the Abeokuta Women's Union (AWU) in the late 1940s against the imposition of unfair taxation by the Nigerian colonial government. The women of Abeokuta believed that, under colonialism, their economic roles were declining, while their taxes were increasing. Additionally, they argued that until they were granted representation in local government, they should not be required to pay taxes separately from men. As a result of their protests, four women received seats on the local council, and the taxation of women was ended. Early colonialism Located in southwest Nigeria and inhabited by the Yoruba people, Yoruba, Abeokuta was established in 1830 and was primarily home for the Egba people, Egba and Owu people. Around 1850, the United Kingdom, British colonial government began to extend its control into Abeokuta and negotiate treaties with the native Egba people, Egba. The treaty agr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bussa Rebellion
The Bussa rebellion, also known as the Boussa rebellion, was a small insurrection in the town of Bussa against the policy of indirect rule in British-ruled Nigeria in June 1915. The rebellion was triggered by the British deposition of the local Emir of Bussa, Kitoro Gani, and his replacement with a Native Administration. The rebels attacked and killed around half of the members of the Administration, while the rest fled, leaving the rebels in control in Bussa. Despite the ongoing Kamerun campaign against the German Empire, the British were able to use a small force of soldiers which quickly suppressed the rebellion incurring no casualties. The Bussa Rebellion was the subject of a major work by British historian Michael Crowder. Background During World War I, the increased demands on the colonial state, combined with its growing shortage of manpower, put strain on British and French colonial holdings in West Africa. Uprisings in British Nigeria and French Dahomey in particu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
District Officer
The District Officer (abbreviated to D.O.), was a commissioned officer of one of the colonial governments of the British Empire, from the mid-1930s also a member of the Colonial Service of the United Kingdom, who was responsible for a District of one of the overseas territories of the Empire. Role The district officer was an administrator and often also a magistrate and was the link between the professional and technical services of the colonial government and the people of his district. He was at the heart of colonial administration throughout most of the British Empire, although not in British India, where the same functions were carried out by members of the Indian Civil Service, nor in the self-governing Dominions.Anthony Kirk-Greene, ''On Crown Service: A History of HM Colonial and Overseas Civil Services, 1837-1997'' (London: I. B. Tauris & Co., 1999) District Officers wore uniforms, according to the climate, but their formal tunic with gold braid was usually reserved for ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolanle Awe
Bolanle Awe ( Yoruba: ''Bọ́láńlé (Fájẹ́m̄bọ́là) Awẹ́'' born 28 January 1933) is a Nigerian and Yoruba history professor. She became the Pro-Chancellor of the University of Nigeria in Nsukka. She has been called a Nigerian "intellectual hero". Life Awe was born on 28 January 1933 in the town of Ilesa, Colonial Nigeria to Samuel Akindeji Fajembola and Mosebolatan Abede. Her father was originally from the town of Ibadan, and also he was a cocoa trader a manager at the John Holt & Co, a shipping and general merchandise company. Her mother was from the town of Ilesa, and was a member of the Abede family, a branch of the Royal House of Bilayirere, one of the 4 royal houses of Ilesa. Her mother was a teacher. Upon her father's transfer to one of the branches of John Holt & Co. in Ilesa, Awe was born. She was born in a community where practitioners of Islam, Christianity, and the Yoruba religion lived harmoniously. She attended Holy Trinity School, Omofe- Ilesha, befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aba, Abia
Aba is a city in southeastern Nigeria. It lies along the west bank of the Aba River and is at the intersection of roads leading to settlements such as Port Harcourt, Owerri, Umuahia, Ikot Ekpene, and Ikot-Abasi. Aba was established by the Ngwa clan of the Igbo people in Nigeria as a market town. Later, a military post was placed there by the British colonial administration in 1901. The city became a collection point for agricultural products following construction of a British-made railway running through it to Port Harcourt. Aba is a major urban settlement and commercial centre in Abia State, which is surrounded by small villages and towns. The indigenous people of Aba are the Ngwa. Aba is well known for its craftsmen, and as of 2016, Aba had an estimated population of 2,534,265, making it the biggest city in southeastern Nigeria. History The city was initially a trade centre, which eventually became an administrative centre of Britain's colonial government. Aba ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imo River
The Imo River (Igbo:Imo) is located in southeastern Nigeria and flows into the Atlantic Ocean. In Akwa Ibom State, the river is known as Imoh River, that is, Inyang Imoh, which translates to ''River of Wealth'' ( means ''river'' or ''ocean'', and means ''wealth''). Its estuary is around wide, and the river has an annual discharge of with 26,000 hectares of wetland. The Imo's tributary rivers are the Otamiri River, Otamiri and Oramiriukwa River, Oramirukwa. The Imo was cleared under the British Empire, British colonial administration of Nigeria in 1907–1908 and 1911; first to Aba, Abia, Aba and then to Udo near Umuahia. The deity, or Alusi of the river is the female ''Imo (mythology), Imo'' who communities surrounding the river believe to be the owner of the river. Mmiri in Igbo language, Ibo or Igbo language means water or rain. A festival for the Alusi is held annually between May and July. The Imo River features an bridge at the crossing between Rivers State and Akwa Ibo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand-Bassam
Grand-Bassam () is a town in southeastern Ivory Coast, lying east of Abidjan. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Grand-Bassam Department; it is also a commune. During the late 19th century, Grand-Bassam was briefly the French colonial capital of Ivory Coast. Because of its outstanding examples of colonial architecture and town-planning, and the juxtaposition of the colonial town with a traditional Nzema village, the historic center of Grand-Bassam was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012. In 2021, the population of the sub-prefecture of Grand-Bassam was 124,567. Geography The town is divided by the Ébrié Lagoon into two-halves: ''Ancien Bassam'' is the former French settlement, facing the Gulf of Guinea. It is home to the grander colonial buildings, some of which have been restored. The district is also home to a cathedral and the Ivory Coast National Museum of Costume, located in the former Governor's Palace. ''Nouveau Bassam'', linked to Ancient Bass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sylvia Leith-Ross
Sylvia Hope Leith-Ross, MBE (''née'' Ruxton) (30 September 1884 – 12 February 1980) was an English anthropologist and writer who worked primarily in Nigeria. Early life Sylvia Hope Ruxton was born in London, the daughter of Admiral William Fitzherbert Ruxton and Sylvia Howland Grinnell Ruxton. Her father was an admiral in the Royal Navy; her mother was American-born, the daughter of Henry Grinnell and the sister of Henry Walton Grinnell. Sylvia and her mother moved to Paris in 1896, where she attended school. Sylvia's memoir, ''Cocks in the Dawn'' (1944), recalls this time as the beginning of her lifelong attachment to France.Helen Callaway"Ross, Sylvia Hope Leith"in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 23 September 2004. Career In 1907, as a new bride, she moved to Zungeru in Nigeria, where her husband, Arthur Leith-Ross, was the chief transport officer for the British protectorate. She returned to Nigeria in 1910 as a widow, to stay wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sitting On A Man
Sitting on a man refers to an Igbo method of public shaming, often employed by women, involving the assembly at a man's hut or workplace to express grievances through dance, song, and symbolic acts such as pounding walls or removing roof thatching. This custom, also known as "''making war on a man''," was practiced against men and women alike, serving as a means of resistance and preserving social and political equilibrium during pre-colonial Colonialism is the control of another territory, natural resources and people by a foreign group. Colonizers control the political and tribal power of the colonised territory. While frequently an Imperialism, imperialist project, colonialism c ... times. Historical context Igbo political system The political structure of the Igbo people was rooted in collectivism, where authority wasn't centralized but shared. Decision-making took place through village assemblies where concerns were discussed and consensus reached. While both men a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protest
A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration, or remonstrance) is a public act of objection, disapproval or dissent against political advantage. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share the potential costs and risks of doing so. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass political demonstrations. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy, or they may undertake direct action in an attempt to enact desired changes themselves. When protests are part of a systematic and peaceful nonviolent campaign to achieve a particular objective, and involve the use of pressure as well as persuasion, they go beyond mere protest and may be better described as civil resistance or nonviolent resistance. Various forms of self-expression and protest are sometimes restricted by governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nwanyeruwa
Nwanyeruwa , also known as Madame Nwanyeruwa, was an Igbo woman living in colonial Nigeria who gained prominence for her role in the Aba Women's Riots, better known as the Women's War. The revolt stemmed for the reluctance of Nigerian women to be taxed amidst the economic hardships of the Great Depression. After a scuffle with a male Igbo Warrant Officer, Nwanyeruwa organized 10,000 Nigerian woman in a protest against the colonial and native authorities. While the protest did not result in much concrete changes or acceptance of Nwanyeruwa's demands, it did result in woman being involved in the colonial Nigerian political system. Nwanyeruwa's actions have been appraised by several historians, who cite her actions as an important milestone in the history of African nationalism. Early life Although her date of birth and location of birth is unknown, it has been speculated by some historians that Nwanyeruwa was born in Igboland, a region which covers most of Southeast Nigeria. Nwany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
