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Hypatus Of Gaeta
This is a list of the hypati, patricians, consuls, and dukes of Gaeta. Many of the dates are uncertain and sometimes the status of the rulership, with co-rulers and suzerain–vassal relations, is vague. Native rule (839–1032) Anatolian dynasty * Constantine (839–866) *Marinus I (839–866) Docibilan dynasty * Docibilis I (866-906) *John I (867–933 or 934), also patrician from 877 * Docibilis II (914 or 915–954), co–hypatus from 906 * John II (954–962 or 963), co–duke from 933 or 934, consul * Gregory (962 or 963–978) *Marinus II (978–984) * John III (984–1008), co–duke from 979 * John IV (1008–1012), co–duke from 991 *John V (1012–1032), also consul ** Emilia, grandmother, regent (1012–1027) **Leo I, uncle, regent (1017–1023) Lombard period (1032–1064) In 1041, Guaimar gave direct control and his title to the count of Aversa. In 1058, Gaeta was made subject to the count of Aversa, by then prince of Capua. * Pandulf I (1032–1038) * Pandulf II ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypati
''Hypatos'' ( gr, ὕπατος; plural: , ''hypatoi'') and the variant ''apo hypatōn'' (, "former ''hypatos''", literally: "from among the consuls") was a Byzantine court dignity, originally the Greek translation of Latin ''consul'' (the literal meaning of ''hypatos'' is "the supreme one," which reflects the office, but not the etymology of the Roman ''consul''). The dignity arose from the honorary consulships awarded in the late Roman Empire, and survived until the early 12th century. It was often conferred upon the rulers of the south Italian principalities. In Italian documents the term was sometimes Latinised as ''hypatus'' or ''ypatus'', and in Italian historiography one finds ''ipato''. The feminine form of the term was ''hypatissa'' (). The creation of ordinary consuls in Late Antiquity was irregular, and after their division in 395, the two halves of the Roman Empire tended to divide the two consulships between them; the office, which had become both effectively honora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo I Of Gaeta
Leo I, sometimes called the Usurper, was the regent of the Duchy of Gaeta from 1017 until 1024. He was a younger son of Duke John III and Duchess Emilia. After the death of his brother, John IV in 1008, his mother took over the regency for her grandson, Leo's nephew, John V. Leo challenged his mother for the regency, successfully displacing her by 1017. As regent, Leo gave away public land to Kampulus, son of Docibilis, of the prominent Kampuli family, probably in an effort to gain the family's support. The fisheries owned by the duke on the island of Ventotene and Santo Stefano in the Pontines were granted to Kampulus. There is a single document from 1023 in which Leo and Emilia are listed together as regents, but it comes from the autonomous county of Suio and may not represent the facts on the ground Facts on the ground is a diplomatic and geopolitical term that means the situation in reality as opposed to in the abstract. The term was popularised in the 1970s in discuss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princes Of Capua
This is a list of the rulers of the Principality of Capua. Lombard rulers of Capua Gastalds and counts The gastalds (or counts) of Capua were vassals of the princes of Benevento until the early 840s, when Gastald Landulf began to clamour for the independence which Salerno had recently declared. That caused a civil war in Benevento which did not cease for some ten years and by the end of the 9th century Capua was definitively independent. *???–663 Thrasimund, as count ::... * 840–843 Landulf I ''il vecchio'' * 843–861 Lando I (son of prec.) * 861 Lando II ''Cyruttu'' (son of prec., deposed) * 861–862 Pando ''il rapace'' (uncle of prec., usurper) * 862–863 Pandenulf (son of prec., deposed) * 863–866 Landulf II ''il vescovo'' (also Bishop of Capua, uncle of prec., usurper, deposed) * 866–871 Lambert I ''di Spoleto'' (also Duke of Spoleto, unrelated, imposed by Emperor Louis II, deposed) * 871–879 Landulf II ''il vescovo'' (reinstated) * 879–882 Panden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Of Gaeta
Maria of Gaeta (born 1020) was an Italian regent, countess of Aquino by marriage and regent of the Duchy of Gaeta for her son in 1062–65. She was daughter of Pandulf IV of Capua and Maria, was the wife (from before 1038) of Atenulf, count of Aquino, while her sister Sikelgaita was the wife of Atenulf's brother Lando. According to Amatus of Montecassino, Atenulf was consequently supported by Pandulf in taking the duchy of Gaeta from Asclettin, Count of Aversa, on the death of Ranulf Drengot in 1045. Her eldest son was betrothed to a daughter of Richard I of Capua in 1058, but died before the marriage could take place. Richard extorted the '' morgengab'' anyway and Gaeta became a feudatory of Capua. As ''senatrix'' and ''ducissa'' of Gaeta, Maria ruled as regent for her and Atenulf's son Atenulf II after her husband's death on 2 February 1062. On 1 June, a pact was confirmed between Maria and the counts of Traietto, Maranola, and Suio. The allies were excluded from form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atenulf II Of Gaeta
Atenulf II (died October 1064) was the duke of Gaeta for a brief two years (1062–1064) under the regency of his mother, Maria. He was the son and successor of Atenulf I, who had been forced to recognise the suzerainty of the prince of Capua, Richard I, and his son Jordan in 1058. Atenulf I died on 2 February and on 1 June, Maria had confirmed a year-long treaty with several neighbouring counties against the dominance of the Normans of Aversa and Capua. During March of the year of peace, Atenulf II remained at Gaeta and on 28 June 1063, Gaeta was captured by Jordan and became a city of the prince of Capua. Atenulf was allowed to maintain possession until the next year, when his mother's new husband, William of Montreuil, was installed as duke. Sources * Norwich, John Julius. ''The Normans in the South 1016-1130''. Longmans: London, 1967. *Chalandon, Ferdinand. ''Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicilie''. Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquino, Italy
Aquino is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Frosinone, in the Lazio region of Italy, northwest of Cassino. The name comes from the Latin Aquinum, probably from ''aqua'', meaning "water" as witnessed by the abundance of water that still crosses the territory today including many small springs. History The town was founded by the Volsci, who successfully defended it against Samnite invasions. After the Roman conquest in the 4th century BC, ''Aquinum'' became an important commercial and production centre situated on the ancient Via Latina. In 211 BC it was given the title of ''urbs'', previously the prerogative of Rome alone. In 125 BC the nearby town of Fregellae was destroyed and Aquinum grew to become the most important nucleus between Rome and Capua. Aquinum was a '' municipium'' in the time of Cicero, and made a colonia during the Triumvirate. Aquinum is thought to be the birthplace of the poet Juvenal, and also of emperor Pescennius Niger. The diocese o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atenulf I Of Gaeta
Atenulf I (died 2 February 1062) was the Lombard count of Aquino who rose to become Duke of Gaeta in Southern Italy during the chaotic middle of the eleventh century. Atenulf married the ''senatrix'' Maria, daughter of Pandulf IV of Capua, and his brother Lando married another daughter of Pandulf. After the death of Ranulf Drengot, Count of Aversa, in June 1045, his cousin Asclettin succeeded in Aversa, but the Gaetans elected the Lombard Atenulf as their duke. Guaimar IV of Salerno, the suzerain of both Aversa and Gaeta, intervened on Asclettin's behalf and he defeated Atenulf in battle and took him prisoner. At this time, however, Pandulf, the natural ally of Atenulf, was assaulting the lands of the abbey of Monte Cassino with Lando. Lando captured the abbot Richer and in return for the abbot's freedom and his assistance in battling Pandulf, Atenulf was freed and recognised in possession of Gaeta. In Fall 1058, Atenulf's eldest son, who was betrothed to a daughter of Richa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asclettin, Count Of Aversa
Asclettin Drengot (also ''Ascletin'' or ''Asclettino'') was the son of Asclettin, count of Acerenza, brother of Rainulf Drengot, whom he succeeded in the county of Aversa in 1045. He was duly elected by the Norman nobles of Aversa and invested with the countship by his suzerain, Guaimar IV of Salerno. Asclettin did not immediately come into possession of the duchy of Gaeta, which Ranulf had ruled as a vassal of Guaimar. Instead, the Gaetans chose Atenulf, Count of Aquino, as duke. Guaimar attacked and defeated him on behalf of Asclettin, but in return for his assistance against Pandulf the Wolf, then assaulting Monte Cassino, he freed him and confirmed in Gaeta. Asclettin only ruled a few months before dying prematurely. He was succeeded by his cousin Rainulf Trincanocte. His younger brother Richard later succeeded to Aversa and brought the family the principality of Capua The Principality of Capua ( la, italic=yes, Principatus Capuae or ''Capue'', it, italic=yes, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ranulf Drengot
Rainulf Drengot (also Ranulph, Ranulf, or Rannulf; died June 1045) was a Norman adventurer and mercenary in southern Italy. In 1030 he became the first count of Aversa. He was a member of the Drengot family. Early life and arrival in Italy When Rainulf was exiled by Richard II of Normandy for a violent criminal act,Marjorie Chibnall, ''The Normans'', (Blackwell Publishing, 2006), 76. Rainulf, Osmond, and their brothers Gilbert Buatère, Asclettin (later count of Acerenza), and Raulf went on a pilgrimage to the shrine of the soldier-archangel, Michael, at Monte Sant'Angelo sul Gargano in the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. They brought with them a band of 250 warriors, formed of other exiles, landless cadets and similar adventurers. Mercenary service In 1017 they arrived in the Mezzogiorno, which was in a state of virtual anarchy. Establishing a stronghold at Monte Gargano in Apulia, they joined forces with the Lombard Melus of Bari, who had rebelled against his Byzantine ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guaimar IV Of Salerno
Guaimar IV (c. 1013 – 2, 3 or 4 June 1052) was Prince of Salerno (1027–1052), Duke of Amalfi (1039–1052), Duke of Gaeta (1040–1041), and Prince of Capua (1038–1047) in Southern Italy over the period from 1027 to 1052. He was an important figure in the final phase of Byzantine authority in the Mezzogiorno and the commencement of Norman power. He was, according to Amatus of Montecassino, "more courageous than his father, more generous and more courteous; indeed he possessed all the qualities a layman should have—except that he took an excessive delight in women." Early conquests He was born around the year 1013, the eldest son of Guaimar III of Salerno by Gaitelgrima, daughter of Duke Pandulf II of Benevento. His elder half-brother, the son of Porpora of Tabellaria, John (III) reigned as co-prince from 1015. When he died in 1018, Guaimar was made co-prince. In 1022, the Emperor Henry II campaigned in southern Italy against the Greeks and sent Pi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo II Of Gaeta
Leo II was the Duke of Gaeta briefly in early 1042. He was the last duke of the native Docibilan family. His father was the '' magnificus'' Docibilis, a grandson of Duke Gregory. His brother, Hugh, was the count of Suio. Gaeta had been under the control of the Lombard Principality of Capua since 1032, and in 1040 it recognized the suzerainty of Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno. Leo probably owed his rise to a native reaction to Lombard rule, perhaps an outright revolt. In one of his official acts as duke, he granted a public mill to members of the powerful Kampuli family "in return for their services". Their services were probably instrumental in Leo's rise. Only one other act of Leo II's is known to survive. By late 1042, Guaimar had succeeded in imposing his own candidate for duke, the Norman adventurer Rainulf, on the Gaetan throne. Leo was married to a ''senatrix'' named Theodora. The name and title strongly suggest that she was Roman, perhaps of the Crescentii family. She had a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pandulf VI Of Capua
Pandulf VI (also numbered as Pandulf V) (died 1057) was the successor of Pandulf IV as Prince of Capua from his death in 1050 to his own seven years later. He was the son of Pandulf IV and Maria. He co-ruled with his father in the Duchy of Gaeta as early as 1032–1038. He was a weak ruler under whom the principality declined in importance and influence. Upon his death, his state immediately fell into disarray under his brother, Landulf VIII. Capua itself was conquered within a year by Richard of Aversa. Sources *Chalandon, Ferdinand. ''Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicilie''. Paris, 1907. * Norwich, John Julius. ''The Normans in the South 1016-1130''. Longmans: London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ..., 1967. 1057 deaths Princes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
