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High Renaissance
In art history, the High Renaissance was a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, particularly Rome, capital of the Papal States, and in Florence, during the Italian Renaissance. Most art historians state that the High Renaissance started between 1490 and 1500, and ended in 1520 with the death of Raphael, although some say the High Renaissance ended about 1525, or in 1527 with the Sack of Rome (1527), Sack of Rome by the mutinous army of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, or about 1530. The best-known exponents of painting, sculpture and architecture of the High Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Bramante. In the 21st century, the use of the term has been frequently criticized by some academic art historians for oversimplifying artistic developments, ignoring historical context, and focusing only on a few iconic works. Origin of term The art historian Jill Burke was the first to trace the historical origins of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raffael Stanza Della Segnatura
Raffael may refer to: * Raffael or Raphael, Italian painter * Raffael or Raphael (given name), given name * Raffael (footballer), Brazilian footballer * Joseph Raffael, American contemporary realist painter {{disambig, hndis, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Joachim Winckelmann
Johann Joachim Winckelmann ( ; ; 9 December 17178 June 1768) was a German art historian and archaeologist. He was a pioneering Hellenism (neoclassicism), Hellenist who first articulated the differences between Ancient Greek art, Greek, Hellenistic art, Greco-Roman and Roman art. "The prophet and founding hero of modern archaeology",#Boorstin, Boorstin, 584 Winckelmann was one of the founders of scientific archaeology and first applied the categories of style on a large, systematic basis to the history of art. Many consider him the father of the discipline of art history. He was one of the first to separate Greek Art into periods, and time classifications. He had a decisive influence on the rise of the Neoclassicism, Neoclassical movement during the late 18th century. His writings influenced not only a new science of archaeology and art history but Western painting, sculpture, literature and even philosophy. Winckelmann's ''History of Ancient Art'' (1764) was one of the first bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Hartt
Frederick Hartt (May 22, 1914 – October 31, 1991) was an Italian Renaissance scholar, author and professor of art history. His books include ''History of Italian Renaissance Art'', '' Art: A History of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture ''(two volumes), ''Michelangelo (Masters of Art Series)'', ''The Sistine Chapel'' and ''The Renaissance in Italy and Spain (Metropolitan Museum of Art Series)''. He was also involved with cataloging and repatriating artwork looted and stolen by the Third Reich during World War II. Biography Hartt was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on 22 May 1914, the son of Rollin Lynde Hartt and Jessie Clark Knight (Hartt). He graduated from Columbia College in 1935 and received his PhD from New York University's Institute of Fine Arts in 1950; the subject of his dissertation was ''Giulio Romano and the Palazzo del Te''. From 1942 to 1946, during World War II, Hartt was an officer in the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program of the US Army and rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Underpainting
In art, an underpainting is an initial layer of paint applied to a Ground (art), ground, which serves as a base for subsequent layers of paint. Underpaintings are often monochromatic and help to define color values for later painting. Underpainting gets its name because it is painting that is intended to be painted over (see overpainting) in a system of working in layers. There are several different types of underpainting, such as veneda, verdaccio, morellone, imprimatura and grisaille.''Underpaint.'' In: The different types have different colourings. Grisaille is plain grey. Verdaccio is a grey tending towards yellow or green that brings out more luminous tones, while imprimatura uses earth tones. Underpainting has several advantages over working from a plain canvas. The neutral colours of the underpaint will not distract if they are not completely covered. It also aids the painter in getting a correct tone. Comparing colours to a white background is very different from the colou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adoration Of The Magi (Leonardo)
''The Adoration of the Magi'' is an unfinished early painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo was given the commission by the Augustinian monks of in Florence in 1481, but he departed for Milan the following year, leaving merely more than the preparatory underdrawing in charcoal, ink and watercolor. It has been in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence since 1670. Description The Virgin Mary and Child are depicted in the foreground and form a triangular shape with the Magi kneeling in adoration. Behind them is a semicircle of accompanying figures, including what may be a self-portrait of the young Leonardo (on the far right). In the background on the left is the ruin of a pagan building, on which workmen can be seen, apparently repairing it. On the right are men on horseback fighting and a sketch of a rocky landscape. The ruins are a possible reference to the Basilica of Maxentius, which, according to medieval legend, the Romans claimed would stand unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vatican City
Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (; ), is a Landlocked country, landlocked sovereign state and city-state; it is enclaved within Rome, the capital city of Italy and Bishop of Rome, seat of the Catholic Church. It became independent from the Kingdom of Italy in 1929 with the Lateran Treaty. It is governed by the Holy See, itself a Legal status of the Holy See, sovereign entity under international law, which maintains Temporal power of the Holy See, its temporal power, governance, diplomacy, and spiritual independence. ''Vatican'' is also used as a metonym for the pope, the central authority of the Roman Catholic Church, and the Holy See and the Roman Curia. With an area of and a population of about 882 in 2024, it is the List of countries and dependencies by area, smallest sovereign state in the world both by area and List of countries and dependencies by population, by population. It is among the List of national capitals by population, least populated capit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietà (Michelangelo)
The ''Pietà'' (''Madonna della Pietà'' ; " ur Lady ofPity"; 1498–1499) is a Carrara marble sculpture of Jesus and Mary at Mount Golgotha representing the "Sixth Sorrow" of the Virgin Mary Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Saint Joseph, Joseph and the mother of Jesus. She is an important figure of Christianity, venerated under titles of Mary, mother of Jesus, various titles such as Perpetual virginity ... by Michelangelo Buonarroti, in Saint Peter's Basilica, Vatican City, for which it was made. It is a key work of Italian Renaissance sculpture and often taken as the start of the High Renaissance. The sculpture captures the moment when Jesus, taken down from the cross, is given to his mother Mary. Mary looks younger than Jesus; art historians believe Michelangelo was inspired by a passage in Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy: "O virgin mother, daughter of your Son [...] your merit so ennobled human nature that its divine Creator did not hesit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Fleming (art Historian)
John Fleming (12 June 1919 – 29 May 2001) was a British art historian, known for his writing partnership with Hugh Honour. Their ''A World History of Art'' (aka, ''The Visual Arts: A History''), first published in 1982, is now in its seventh edition. Fleming's ''Robert Adam and His Circle in Edinburgh and Rome'' (1961) won the Bannister Fletcher Prize and the Alice Davis Hitchcock Medal. Biography Fleming was born in Berwick-upon-Tweed, the son of a local Solicitor. He was educated at Rugby School and read English at Trinity College, Cambridge where he met Hugh Honour, who would become Fleming's life partner. He travelled to Italy and during World War II was briefly a conscientious objector before entering the British Army Intelligence Corps in Cairo. There he began to write about art with the encouragement of Nikolaus Pevsner. Living in Asolo near Venice, Honour and Fleming began a productive writing partnership. They were commissioned by publisher Allen Lane to edit th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugh Honour
Hugh Honour FRSL (26 September 1927 – 19 May 2016) was a British art historian, known for his writing partnership with John Fleming. Their ''A World History of Art'' (a.k.a. ''The Visual Arts: A History''), is now in its seventh edition and Honour's ''Chinoiserie: The Vision of Cathay'' (1961) first set the phenomenon of chinoiserie in its European cultural context. Early life Honour was born in Eastbourne, Sussex, to Herbert and Dorothy (Withers) Honour. After The King's School, Canterbury, he read English at St Catharine's College, Cambridge, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree. While at Cambridge, Honour met John Fleming, a solicitor and amateur art historian, who would become Honour's life partner. Honour accepted a position as Assistant director of Leeds City Art Gallery and Temple Newsam House but left after one year to join Fleming in Italy. Life in Italy Living in Asolo near Venice, Honour and Fleming began a highly productive writing and publishing part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Piper (curator)
Sir David Towry Piper CBE FSA FRSL (21 July 1918 – 29 December 1990) was a British museum curator and author. He was director of the National Portrait Gallery 1964–1967, and of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1967–1973; and Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1967–1973, and Director of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 1973–1985 and Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford, 1973–1985. He was knighted in 1983. The second of three sons of Stephen Harvey Piper, Professor of Physics at Bristol University, Piper was born at Wimbledon and educated at Clifton College and St Catharine's College, Cambridge (where he took a MA). Piper was Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford for 1966–1967. In 1956, Piper prepared a descriptive catalogue of the Petre family portraits at Ingatestone Hall for the Essex Record Office. He gave the 1968 Aspects of Art Lecture. Under the pseudonym Peter Towry, Piper wrote a number of novels, including ''Trial by Battle'' (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Last Supper (Leonardo)
''The Last Supper'' ( or ) is a mural painting by the Italian High Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci, dated to , housed in the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy. The painting represents the scene of the Last Supper of Jesus with the Apostles in the New Testament, Twelve Apostles, as it is told in the Gospel of Johnspecifically the moment after Jesus predicts his betrayal, Jesus announces that one of his apostles will betray him. Its handling of space, mastery of perspective, treatment of motion and complex display of human emotion has made it one of the Western world's most recognizable paintings and among Leonardo's most celebrated works. Some commentators consider it pivotal in inaugurating the transition into what is now termed the High Renaissance. The work was commissioned as part of a plan of renovations to the church and its convent buildings by Leonardo's patron Ludovico Sforza, list of dukes of Mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marilyn Stokstad
Marilyn Jane Stokstad (February 16, 1929 – March 4, 2016) was an American art historian, educator, and curator. A scholar of medieval and Spanish art, Stokstad was Judith Harris Murphy Distinguished Professor of Art History Emeritus at the University of Kansas, and also served as director of the Spencer Museum of Art. Career Born in Lansing to Olaf and Edythe Gardiner, Stokstad received a Bachelor of Arts in Art History from Carleton College in 1950. Her honors thesis was on Greek Revival architecture in Michigan. She then earned a Master of Arts in Art History from Michigan State University in 1953, studying Norwegian art and writing a thesis titled "Norwegian Mural Painting from 1910 to 1950". She was then awarded a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Michigan in 1957. Her doctoral dissertation was on the Portico of Glory of the Santiago de Compostela, and was supervised by Harold Wethey. In the year after receiving her doctoral degree, Stokstad was hired as assista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
