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Huqúqu'lláh
Ḥuqúqu'lláh (, "Right of God") is a voluntary wealth tax paid by adherents of the Baháʼà Faith to support the work of the religion. Individuals following the practice calculate 19% of their discretionary income (after-tax income minus essential expenses) and send it to the head of the religion, which since 1963 has been the Universal House of Justice. Ḥuqúqu'lláh is a Baháʼà law established by Baháʼu'lláh in the ''Kitáb-i-Aqdas'' in 1873. It is separate and distinct from the general Baháʼà funds. It provides for the financial security of the community by funding promotional activities and the upkeep of properties, and it is a basis for a future welfare program. The Ḥuqúqu'lláh payment is considered a way to purify one's possessions. It is an individual obligation; nobody in the general community should know who has or has not contributed, nor should anyone be solicited individually for funds. Along with several other practices, it was initially only appl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baháʼà Laws
Baháʼà laws are laws and ordinances used in the Baháʼà Faith and are a fundamental part of Baháʼà practice. The laws are based on authenticated texts from Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼà Faith, and also includes subsequent interpretations from Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi, and legislation by the Universal House of Justice. Baháʼà law is presented as a set of general principles and guidelines and individuals must apply them as they best seem fit. While some of the social laws are enforced by Baháʼà institutions, the emphasis is placed on individuals following the laws based on their conscience, understanding and reasoning, and BaháʼÃs are expected to follow the laws for the love of Baháʼu'lláh. The laws are seen as the method of the maintenance of order and security in the world. History The Baháʼà Faith had its roots in the Bábà Religion which was started by the Báb in the mid-19th century in Persia. Originally BábÃs adhered to the Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hájà AmÃn
Mullá Abu'l-Hasan-i-Ardikánà (, surnamed AmÃn-i-IláhÃ; 18311928), better known as Hájà AmÃn, was an eminent follower of Baháʼu'lláh, founder of the Baháʼà Faith. AmÃn served as the trustee of Huqúqu'lláh, was posthumously appointed a Hand of the Cause of God by Shoghi Effendi, and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh. Background At seventeen he married into a family of BábÃs of the town of Ardikán, near Yazd, Iran. When news of the declaration of Baháʼu'lláh came, he accepted immediately and travelled throughout the Persian Empire teaching the new message. He was a literate man, and earned his living by trading and writing for the illiterate as he travelled. He was known to collect letters that people wished to forward to Baháʼu'lláh, and also distributed tablets of Baháʼu'lláh where people received them. He made his way to 'Akká, and became the first Baháʼà from outside of the city to see Baháʼu'lláh, returnin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ValÃyu'lláh Varqá
MÃrzá ValÃyu'lláh Khán-i-Varqá ( ; 18841955) was a prominent Persian Baháʼà who was appointed a Hand of the Cause by Shoghi Effendi. He was the son of Varqá, the martyr-poet, and the father of Ê»AlÃ-Muhammad Varqá, (1911 – September 22, 2007). Varqá joined Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá's entourage while he traveled across America. He was appointed Trustee of the Huqúqu'lláh Ḥuqúqu'lláh (, "Right of God") is a voluntary wealth tax paid by adherents of the Baháʼà Faith to support the work of the religion. Individuals following the practice calculate 19% of their discretionary income (after-tax income minus essen ... in 1940 and a Hand of the Cause in 1951. References * *Baháʼà World, Vol. 13, pp. 831–4. External links * ValÃyu'lláh Varqá aFind-a-Grave.com Valiyu'llah Valiyu'llah 1955 deaths 1884 births 19th-century Bahá'Ãs 20th-century Bahá'Ãs {{BaháʼÃ-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoghi Effendi
Shoghà Effendi (; ;1896 or 1897 – 4 November 1957) was Guardian of the Baháʼà Faith from 1922 until his death in 1957. As the grandson and successor of Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá, he was charged with guiding the development of the Baháʼà Faith, including the creation of its global administrative structure and the prosecution of Baháʼà teaching plans, a series of teaching plans that oversaw the expansion of the religion to a number of new countries. As the authorized interpreter of the Baháʼà writings, Baháʼà Writings his translations of the primary written works of the Faith's central figures, provided unity of understanding about essential teachings of the Faith and safeguarded its followers from division. Upon his death in 1957, leadership passed to the Hands of the Cause, and in 1963 the BaháʼÃs of the world elected the Universal House of Justice, an institution which had been described and planned by Baháʼu’llah. Effendi, an Afnán, was born Shoghà Rabbánà i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ê»AlÃ-Muhammad Varqá
Ê»AlÃ-Muhammad Varqá (; 191122 September 2007) was a prominent adherent of the Baháʼà Faith. He was the longest surviving Hand of the Cause of God, an appointed position in the Baháʼà Faith whose main function is to propagate and protect the religion on the international level. Varqá was born in 1911 in Tehran, Iran to a well-known Iranian Baháʼà family. His grandfather MÃrzá Ê»AlÃ-Muhammad Varqá, from whom he received his name, was an Apostle of Baháʼu'lláh, and his father, ValÃyu'lláh Varqá, was also a Hand of the Cause. Varqá moved to Paris and studied at the Sorbonne, where he obtained a doctorate in 1950. He then returned to Iran and taught at the universities of Tehran and Tabriz. During this time, he also served in various administrative capacities in the Baháʼà community of Iran. After his father's death, Varqá was appointed as a Hand of the Cause by Shoghi Effendi on November 15, 1955. He served in that capacity for 52 years unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baháʼà Faith
The Baháʼà Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the Baháʼà Faith and the unity of religion, essential worth of all religions and Baháʼà Faith and the unity of humanity, the unity of all people. Established by Baháʼu'lláh, it initially developed in Iran and parts of the Middle East, where it has faced Persecution of BaháʼÃs, ongoing persecution since its inception. The religion has 5-8 million adherents (known as BaháʼÃs) spread throughout most of the world's countries and territories. The Baháʼà Faith has three central figures: the Báb (1819–1850), executed for heresy, who taught that a prophet similar to Jesus and Muhammad would soon appear; Baháʼu'lláh (1817–1892), who claimed to be said prophet in 1863 and who had to endure both exile and imprisonment; and his son, Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá (1844–1921), who made teaching trips to Europe and the United States after his release from confinement in 1908. After Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá's death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universal House Of Justice
The Universal House of Justice is the nine-member supreme ruling body of the Baháʼà Faith. It was envisioned by Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼà Faith, as an institution that could legislate on issues not already addressed in the Baháʼà writings, providing flexibility for the Baháʼà Faith to adapt to changing conditions. It was first elected in 1963, and subsequently every five years, by delegates consisting of the members of Baháʼà National Spiritual Assemblies throughout the world. The Universal House of Justice, as the head of the religion, has provided direction to the worldwide Baháʼà community primarily through a series of multi-year plans, as well as through annual messages delivered during the Ridván festival. The messages have focused on increasing the number of Local Spiritual Assemblies, translating Baháʼà literature, establishing Baháʼà Centres, completing Baháʼà Houses of Worship, holding international conferences, and develop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baháʼà World Centre
The Baháʼà World Centre is the name given to the spiritual and administrative centre of the Baháʼà Faith, representing sites in or near the cities of Acre and Haifa, Israel. Much of the international governance and coordination of the Baháʼà Faith occurs at the Baháʼà World Centre, including global teaching plans and study and translation of the Baháʼà holy writings. The Universal House of Justice, representing the supreme governing body of the Baháʼà Faith, resides in Haifa. The Baháʼà World Centre is also a major destination for religious tourism, and the current destination for Baháʼà pilgrimage, attracting annually about one million visitors. The location of the Baháʼà World Centre originated in Baháʼu'lláh's banishment and imprisonment to the fortress of Acre in 1868 by Ottoman authorities. Many of the locations at the Baháʼà World Centre, including the terraces and the Shrine of the Báb which constitute the north slope of Mount Car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troy Ounce
Troy weight is a system of units of mass that originated in the Kingdom of England in the 15th century and is primarily used in the precious metals industry. The troy weight units are the grain, the pennyweight (24 grains), the troy ounce (20 pennyweights), and the troy pound (12 troy ounces). The troy grain is equal to the grain unit of the avoirdupois system, but the troy ounce is heavier than the avoirdupois ounce, and the troy pound is lighter than the avoirdupois pound. Legally, one troy ounce (oz t) equals exactly 31.1034768 grams. Etymology Troy weight is generally supposed to take its name from the French market town of Troyes where English merchants traded at least as early as the early 9th century. The name ''troy'' is first attested in 1390, describing the weight of a platter, in an account of the travels in Europe of the Earl of Derby. Charles Moore Watson (1844–1916) proposes an alternative etymology: ''The Assize of Weights and Measures'' (also known as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socio-economic Development (BaháʼÃ)
Economics () is a behavioral science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyses what is viewed as basic elements within economies, including individual agents and markets, their interactions, and the outcomes of interactions. Individual agents may include, for example, households, firms, buyers, and sellers. Macroeconomics analyses economies as systems where production, distribution, consumption, savings, and investment expenditure interact; and the factors of production affecting them, such as: labour, capital, land, and enterprise, inflation, economic growth, and public policies that impact these elements. It also seeks to analyse and describe the global economy. Other broad distinctions within economics include those between positive economics, describing "what is", and normative economics, advocating "what oug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
