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Huan Wen's Northern Expeditions
Huan Wen's Northern Expeditions were a series of expeditions launched by the Eastern Jin general Huan Wen and aimed at attempting to reclaim Jin's territory north of the Huai River. Due to the lack of support from the Jin court, the expeditions were unsuccessful. Background During the first half of the 4th century, the Jin dynasty gradually lost control over its northern territories to the so-called 'Five Barbarians' in a period that would come to know as the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Jin moved its capital south to Jiankang in 318, and by 330, northern China was effectively unified by Shi Le's Later Zhao. Before 330, Jin in the south was held back by numerous threatening rebellions which they ultimately put down. After 330, the aftermath of said rebellions and Zhao's supremacy over the north dissuaded many from supporting further military conflicts and instead settle for a north and south divide for the time being. Nonetheless, expeditions to the north were attempted before and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Jin
Eastern or Easterns may refer to: Transportation Airlines *China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai * Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways *Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 1926 to 1991 * Eastern Air Lines (2015), an American airline that began operations in 2015 *Eastern Airlines, LLC, previously Dynamic International Airways, a U.S. airline founded in 2010 * Eastern Airways, an English/British regional airline *Eastern Provincial Airways, a defunct Canadian airline that operated from 1949 to 1986 Roads * Eastern Avenue (other), various roads * Eastern Parkway (other), various parkways * Eastern Freeway, Melbourne, Australia * Eastern Freeway Mumbai, Mumbai, India Other * Eastern Railway (other), various railroads *, a cargo liner in service 1946-65 Education * Eastern University (other) *Eastern College (other) Sports * Easterns (cricket team), South Afr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shi Hu
Shi Hu (; 295 – 26 May 349), courtesy name Jilong (季龍), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Wu of Later Zhao (後趙武帝), was an emperor of the Jie-led Chinese Later Zhao dynasty. He was the founding emperor Shi Le (Emperor Ming)'s distant nephew and adopted brother, who took power in a coup after Shi Le's death from Shi Le's heir Shi Hong. Due to Tang dynasty naming taboo, he is referred to as Shi Jilong (石季龍) in the ''Book of Jin''. Shi Hu was a talented general who rarely lost battles, and Shi Le relied on him heavily in his conquest of northern and central China. However, he was also exceedingly cruel in his military campaigns. After he became the ruler of Later Zhao under the title of "heavenly king" ('' Tian Wang''), he ruled the empire with a heavy hand, imposing heavy tax and labor burdens and spending much of his effort on constructing palaces and collecting concubines. When two of his crown princes crossed him on separate occasions, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Tanzhi
Wang Tanzhi () (330 - 16 June 375Wang Tanzhi's biography in ''Book of Jin'' indicate that he was 46 (by East Asian reckoning) when he died. Vol.103 of ''Zizhi Tongjian'' indicate that he died on the ''bing'wu'' day of the 5th month of the 3rd year of the ''Ning'kang'' era.), also known by his courtesy name Wéndù (文度), was an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, during the 4th century CE. He had served under the general Huan Wen until the latter's death in 373. He, together with Xie An, became the guardian of the young Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Emperor Xiaowu of Jin (; 362 – 6 November 396), personal name Sima Yao (), courtesy name Changming (), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China. During his reign, Jin saw his dynasty survive a major attempt by Former Qin to destro ..., but he died less than three years after Xiaowu became emperor. References A Chinese biographical directory, Volumes 1-2 Giles, Herbert Allen. Jin dynasty (266–420) people {{china-po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xie An
Xie An () (320 – 12 October 385), courtesy name Anshi (), formally Duke Wenjing of Luling (), also known as "Xie Dongshan" (, "dongshan" literally 'East Mountain'), was a Chinese politician of the Eastern Jin dynasty who, despite his lack of military ability and skill, led Jin through a major crisis—attacks by Former Qin. In part due to his actions, his clan—the Xie clan of Chen—became one of the two most honored during the subsequent Southern Dynasties, alongside Wang Dao's Wang clan of Langya, and in the minds of the people no less honored than imperial clans. Xie An is depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu (, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang. Early career Xie An's father Xie Pou (謝裒) was a minister in the Jin government. When Xie An was a child, he had already impressed the Jin officials Huan Yi ( Huan Wen's father), Wang Meng, and Wang Dao with his talent. He later served as a low-level assistant to the chancellor, but he later quit from governmental serv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Jianwen Of Jin
Emperor Jianwen of Jin (; 320 – September 12, 372), personal name Sima Yu (), courtesy name Daowan (), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin dynasty in China. He was the younger brother of Emperor Ming and installed by military leader Huan Wen. Prior to taking the throne, he had served in important roles in the administrations of his grandnephews Emperor Mu, Emperor Ai, and Emperor Fei. Both in his service to his grandnephews and in his own reign as emperor, he is generally viewed as a weak-willed figure who showed enough wisdom to continue to survive and extend Jin rule, but whose effectiveness was also compromised by his over-dedication to philosophical discussions of Taoism and other related philosophies. Early life Sima Yu was born in 320, as the youngest son of Emperor Yuan, by his favorite concubine Consort Zheng Achun (). As Emperor Yuan's wife Yu Mengmu () had died years earlier (in 312), and the mother of his oldest son Sima Shao the Crown Prince (later Emperor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murong Chui
Murong Chui (; 326 – 2 June 396), courtesy name Daoming (道明), Xianbei name Altun (阿六敦), also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Chengwu of Later Yan (後燕成武帝), was the founding emperor of China's Later Yan dynasty. He was originally a general of the Former Yan. He was a controversial figure in Chinese history, as his military abilities were outstanding, but as he was forced to flee Former Yan due to the jealousies of the regent Murong Ping, he was taken in and trusted by the Former Qin emperor Fu Jiān, but later betrayed him and established Later Yan, leading to a reputation of him as a traitor. Further, his reputation was damaged in that soon after his death, the Later Yan state suffered great defeats at the hands of Northern Wei dynasty's founder Emperor Daowu (Tuoba Gui), leading to the general sense that Murong Chui contributed to the defeats by not building a sound foundation for the empire and by choosing the wrong successor. However he c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yi River (Henan)
The Yi River () is a tributary of the Luo River in the province of Henan, China. The river rises in Luanchuan County, and then flows through the counties of Song and Yichuan before entering Luoyang city proper. It joins the Luo River at Yanshi Yanshi District () is a district in the prefecture-level city of Luoyang in western Henan province, China. Yanshi lies on the Luo River and is the easternmost county-level division of Luoyang. History After the Zhou conquest of Shang in mid-11t .... The river's total length is 368 kilometres and it has a catchment basin of 6,100 square kilometres. The Yi-Luo river basin is of major archaeological significance. Rivers of Henan {{China-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chang'an
Chang'an (; zh, t=長安, s=长安, p=Cháng'ān, first=t) is the traditional name of the city now named Xi'an and was the capital of several Chinese dynasties, ranging from 202 BCE to 907 CE. The site has been inhabited since Neolithic times, during which the Yangshao culture was established in Banpo, in what is now the city's suburbs. Furthermore, in the northern vicinity of modern Xi'an, Qin Shi Huang of the Qin dynasty, China's first emperor, held his imperial court and constructed his massive mausoleum guarded by the Terracotta Army. From its capital at Xianyang, the Qin dynasty ruled a larger area than either of the preceding dynasties. The imperial city of Chang'an during the Han dynasty was located northwest of today's Xi'an. During the Tang dynasty, the area that came to be known as Chang'an included the area inside the Ming Xi'an fortification, plus some small areas to its east and west, and a substantial part of its southern suburbs. Thus, Tang Chang'an was eight t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liang (realm)
Liang () was a traditional Chinese fief centered on present-day Kaifeng. It was held by various powers over the course of Chinese history. It generally comprised modern Henan with a small part of Shanxi. Ancient China Liang (sometimes as , ''Liángzhōu'') was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China originally recorded in the '' Yu Gong'' or ''Tribute of Yu'' section of the ''Book of Documents''. By the time of the '' Erya'', it had been replaced among the list of the nine major provinces of China. Nevertheless, it was usually included among the lists of the Twelve Provinces in the reigns of the mythological figures of Emperor Yao and Emperor Shun. It included the upper Han River basin west of the Huaxia homeland. State of Liang The counts of Liang (, ''Liángbó'') possessed the surname Ying ().Yang Bojun, "Zuo Zhuan 17th Year of Xigong", Zhonghua Publishing 1990, p372 Their capital was located south of Hancheng in Shaanxi. During the 8th and 7th centuries BC, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yi Province
Yizhou (益州), Yi Province or Yi Prefecture, was a ''Zhou (country subdivision), zhou'' (province) of ancient China. Its capital city was Chengdu.de Crespigny, p. 256. During the Han dynasty, it included the commanderies Hanzhong Commandery, Hanzhong, Ba commandery, Ba, Guanghan Commandery, Guanghan, Shu Commandery, Shu, Wenshan Commandery, Wenshan, Jianwei Commandery, Jianwei, Zangke Commandery, Zangke, Yuexi Commandery, Yuexi, Yizhou Commandery, Yizhou and Yongchang Commandery, Yongchang. It was bordered in the north by Liang Province and Yong Province. At its greatest extent, Yi covered present-day central and eastern Sichuan, Chongqing, southern Shaanxi and parts of Yunnan and Guizhou. History During the First Great Qiang Rebellion (107–118) in Liang Province,de Crespigny, p. 10–11. unrest also spread to the Hanzhong and Wudu commanderies. In 188, Liu Yan (Han dynasty warlord), Liu Yan was appointed governor of Yi Province. Upon his death in 194, Yi passed to his son L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheng Han
Cheng-Han (; 303 or 304 – 347) was a dynastic state of China listed as one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese historiography. Ruled by the Li clan of the Ba-Di people, its territory was based in what is modern-day Sichuan Province, China. The name Cheng-Han collectively refers to the state of Cheng (成; ''Chéng'') or Dacheng (大成; ''Dàchéng''), founded by Li Xiong in 304 (or by Li Te in 303) and the state of Han (漢; ''Hàn'') founded by Li Shou in 338. The state is also less commonly known as Later Shu (後蜀; ''Hòu Shǔ''). History Background The Li clan were originally Cong people from Baxi Commandery (巴西郡; in present-day Nanchong, Sichuan) in present-day Sichuan. When the Han chancellor, Cao Cao conquered Hanzhong in 215, Li Hu (李虎) led his family to surrender and migrated to Lüeyang Commandery, where they mingled with the local Di tribes. Their people became known as the Ba-Di, with “ Ba” referring to their ancestral homeland.Holcombe, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
He Chong (Jin Dynasty)
He Chong (292 – 21 February 346), courtesy name Cidao, was a Chinese minister of the Eastern Jin dynasty. After the death of Prime Minister Wang Dao in September 339, He Chong became one of Emperor Cheng of Jin's most influential advisors. He Chong feuded with the imperial uncles, Yu Bing and Yu Yi over the successions of Emperor Cheng and Emperor Kang, as He Chong backed the emperors' respective sons to take the throne while the Yu brothers supported their nephews. In 345, following the deaths of the Yu brothers, He Chong played an instrumental role in Huan Wen's rise to power when he recommended him to succeed Yu Yi's position of Inspector of Jingzhou. Life Early life and career He Chong hailed from Qian County (灊縣; northeast of present-day Huoshan County, Anhui) in Lujiang Commandery (廬江郡; around present-day Lu'an, Anhui) and was renowned for his writings and virtue. He first served as a secretary of Sima Rui's commander, Wang Dun. Wang Dun had a brothe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
