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Hottest Chili Pepper
Amongst growers in the US, the UK, Australia, and France, there has been a competition since the 1990s to grow the hottest chili pepper. Chili pepper species and cultivars registering over 1,000,000 Scoville scale, Scoville Heat units (SHU) are called "super-hots". Past Guinness World Record holders (in increasing order of hotness) include the Infinity chili, Trinidad Moruga scorpion, Naga Viper pepper, Trinidad Scorpion Butch T, and Carolina Reaper. The current record holder, declared in 2023, is Pepper X, at more than 2.69 million SHU. History Before the early 1990s, there were only two peppers which had been measured above 350,000 SHU, the Scotch bonnet and the habanero. California farmer Frank Garcia used a Sport (botany), sport of a habanero to develop a new cultivar, the Red Savina pepper, Red Savina (''C. chinense''), which was measured at 570,000 in 1994. At the time, this was considered representative of an upper limit of chili pepper hotness. In 2001, Paul Bosland, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mature Carolina Reaper (2017)
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Mature is the adjectival form of maturity, as immature is the adjectival form of immaturity, which have several meanings. Mature or immature may also refer to: *Mature, a character from ''The King of Fighters'' series *"Mature 17+", a rating in the Entertainment Software Rating Board video game rating system *Victor Mature (1913-1999), American actor *Immature (band), an American boy band See also * Adult (other) * Maturation (other) * Maturity (other) * Ripeness In United States law, ripeness refers to the readiness of a case for litigation; "a claim is not ripe for adjudication if it rests upon contingent future events that may not occur as anticipated, or indeed may not occur at all." For example, if ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghost Pepper
The ghost pepper, also known as ''bhut jolokia'' ( or 'Ghost pepper' in Assamese), is an interspecific hybrid chili pepper cultivated in Northeast India. It is a hybrid of ''Capsicum chinense'' and ''Capsicum frutescens''. In 2007, ''Guinness World Records'' certified that the ghost pepper was the world's hottest chili pepper, 170 times hotter than Tabasco sauce. The ghost chili is rated at more than one million Scoville Heat Units (SHUs) and far surpasses the amount of a cayenne pepper. However, in the race to grow the hottest chili pepper, the ghost chili was superseded by the Trinidad Scorpion Butch T pepper in 2011, the Carolina Reaper in 2013 and Pepper X in 2023. Etymology and regional names The name ''bhut jolokia'' means 'Bhutanese pepper' in Assamese; the first element ''bhut'' , meaning 'Bhutanese', was mistakenly confused for a near-homonym ''bhut'' meaning 'ghost'. In Assam, the pepper is also known as ''bih zôlôkia'' meaning 'poison chili', from As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guinness World Records
''Guinness World Records'', known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as ''The Guinness Book of Records'' and in previous United States editions as ''The Guinness Book of World Records'', is a British reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. Sir Hugh Beaver created the concept, and twin brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter co-founded the book in London in August 1955. The first edition topped the bestseller list in the United Kingdom by Christmas 1955. The following year the book was launched internationally, and as of the 2025 edition, it is now in its 70th year of publication, published in 100 countries and 40 languages, and maintains over 53,000 records in its database. The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums. The popularity of the franchise has resulted in ''Guinness World Records'' becoming the primary international source for cata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maxim (magazine)
''Maxim'' (stylized in all caps) is an international men's magazine, devised and launched in the United Kingdom in 1995, but based in New York City since 1997. It is known for its photography of actors, singers and female models whose careers are at their peak. ''Maxim'' has a circulation of about 9 million readers each month. Maxim Digital reaches more than 4 million unique viewers each month. ''Maxim'' magazine publishes 16 editions, sold in 75 countries worldwide. History ''Maxim'' was founded by Felix Dennis (1947–2014) in 1995 and expanded to the United States in 1997. In 1999, MaximOnline.com (now maxim.com) was created. It contains content not included in the print version, and focuses on the same general topics, along with exclusive sections and videos. In December 2001, Editorial Televisa published the Spanish-language edition of ''Maxim'' magazine for Latin America and the Hispanic communities of the United States, its first cover was Colombian model a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marc Fennell
Marc Fennell is an Australian technology journalist, television presenter, radio personality and author. He became known as co-anchor of '' The Feed'', and is the host of ''Mastermind'' (TV) and '' Stuff the British Stole'' (radio and TV). He was also the host of '' Download This Show'' (radio) until 2025 . Early life and education Fennell's mother, a school teacher, is Indian-Singaporean and his father, a photographer, is Anglo-Irish. He completed his Higher School Certificate in 2002 at St George Christian School. He attended the University of Technology Sydney, but left after eight weeks to join SBS's youth show ''The Movie Show''. Career Film critic In 2002, Fennell was a winner of the first AFI Young Film Critics Competition. He then became the film critic and reporter for Sydney radio station FBi Radio from 2003–2006. During this period Fennell was selected as one of four presenters of SBS's ''The Movie Show'' in mid-2004. Fennell remained with the show unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunan Hand Syndrome
Hunan hand syndrome (also known as "chili burn") is a temporary, but very painful, cutaneous condition that commonly afflicts those who handle, prepare, or cook with fresh or roasted chili peppers. It was first described in an eponymous case report in ''The New England Journal of Medicine'' in 1981. It occurs when the phytochemical capsaicin, which can be present in very high concentrations in certain varieties of chili peppers (especially with superhot peppers such as ghost peppers or Carolina reapers), contacts cutaneous free nerve endings which are present in high density in finger tips. This triggers the release of substance P, which in turn causes a sensation of intense burning pain. Various treatments for Hunan Hand have been described, including soaking the affected fingers in lidocaine; milk or vinegar; or the use of local nerve blocks, gabapentin, or topical corticosteroids. Hunan hand can be prevented by wearing rubber gloves when handling chili peppers. See also * K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placentation
Placentation is the formation, type and structure, or modes of arrangement of the placenta. The function of placentation is to transfer nutrients, respiratory gases, and water from maternal tissue to a growing embryo, and in some instances to remove waste from the embryo. Placentation is best known in live-bearing mammals (Theria), but also occurs in some fish, reptiles, amphibians, a diversity of invertebrates, and flowering plants. In vertebrates, placentas have evolved more than 100 times independently, with the majority of these instances occurring in squamate reptiles. The placenta can be defined as an organ formed by the sustained apposition or fusion of fetal membranes and parental tissue for physiological exchange. This definition is modified from the original Mossman (1937) definition, which constrained placentation in animals to only those instances where it occurred in the uterus. In mammals In live bearing mammals, the placenta forms after the embryo implants int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fruit Anatomy
Fruits are the mature ovary (plants), ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. They are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits. Fruitlike structures may develop directly from the seed itself rather than the ovary, such as a fleshy aril or sarcotesta. The grains of grasses are single-seed simple fruits wherein the pericarp and seed coat are fused into one layer. This type of fruit is called a caryopsis. Examples include cereal grains, such as wheat, barley, oats and rice. Categories of fruits Fruits are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits. Aggregate fruits are formed from a single compound flower and contain many ovaries or fruitlets. Examples include raspberry, raspberries and blackberry, blackberries. Multiple fruits are formed from the fused ovaries of multiple flowers or inflorescence. An example of multiple fruits are the fig, mulberry, and the pineapple. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vesicle (biology And Chemistry)
In cell biology, a vesicle is a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer. Vesicles form naturally during the processes of secretion ( exocytosis), uptake (endocytosis), and the transport of materials within the plasma membrane. Alternatively, they may be prepared artificially, in which case they are called liposomes (not to be confused with lysosomes). If there is only one phospholipid bilayer, the vesicles are called ''unilamellar liposomes''; otherwise they are called ''multilamellar liposomes''. The membrane enclosing the vesicle is also a lamellar phase, similar to that of the plasma membrane, and intracellular vesicles can fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell. Vesicles can also fuse with other organelles within the cell. A vesicle released from the cell is known as an extracellular vesicle. Vesicles perform a variety of functions. Because it is separated from the cytosol, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluorescence Microscope
A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence instead of, or in addition to, scattering, reflection, and attenuation or absorption, to study the properties of organic or inorganic substances. A fluorescence microscope is any microscope that uses fluorescence to generate an image, whether it is a simple setup like an epifluorescence microscope or a more complicated design such as a confocal microscope, which uses optical sectioning to get better resolution of the fluorescence image. Principle The specimen is illuminated with light of a specific wavelength (or wavelengths) which is absorbed by the fluorophores, causing them to emit light of longer wavelengths (i.e., of a different color than the absorbed light). The illumination light is separated from the much weaker emitted fluorescence through the use of a spectral emission filter. Typical components of a fluorescence microscope are a light source (xenon arc lamp or mercury-vapor lamp are com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naga Morich
The Naga Morich is a chili pepper originally grown primarily in Bangladesh and Northeast India. It is also one of the hottest known chilli peppers and measures 800,000 SHU on Scoville scale. is the word for chilli pepper in Bengali (. (, ), Nepali, Hindi () and the languages of Nagaland and Manipur. "Naga Mircha" is registered under the Geographical Indications (GI) of Nagaland by Government of India. Plant characteristics The Naga Morich is a small-medium shrub with large leaves, small, five-petaled flowers, and blisteringly hot fruit. It differs from the Bhut Jolokia and Bih Jolokia in that it is slightly smaller with a pimply ribbed texture as opposed to the smoother flesh of the other two varieties. Distribution The Naga is a species found in Bangladesh and Northeastern India, more specifically in Nagaland, Manipur and Assam. They are also grown in the United States, United Kingdom (as subspecies Dorset Naga) and Australia for the production of hot sauces, and in Finlan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
