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Honório De Freitas Guimarães
Honório de Freitas Guimarães (8 July 1902 – 1 February 1968) was a member of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB). He used the aliases M., Martins, Nico, and Henrique Vieira de Sousa. Born into a family of farmers and sugar mill owners, Guimarães was descended from Brazilian nobility. During his adolescence, he studied at Eton College, and upon returning to Brazil, he became involved with socialism and communism under the influence of his first wife, who had been part of the intellectual circles in Paris at the time. Guimarães joined the PCB in 1931 and played a role in planning the Brazilian communist uprising of 1935, which ultimately failed. Arrested in 1938–1939, he was released in 1945 following amnesty for political prisoners. Guimarães did not rejoin the PCB and died in a car accident at the age of 65. He participated in the execution of the teenager Elza Fernandes, strangled with a clothesline and buried inside a Hessian fabric, burlap sack. Early life Honório ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrópolis
Petrópolis (), also known as the Imperial City, is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil. It is located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, northeast of the city of Rio de Janeiro. According to the 2022 Brazilian census, Petrópolis municipality had a population of 278,881 inhabitants. Besides being the largest and most populous city in the , the city also has the largest GDP and HDI in the region. The town's name ("City of Peter") honors Pedro II, the last Emperor of Brazil, who is entombed there at the Cathedral of Saint Peter of Alcantara. The city was the summer residence of the Brazilian Emperors and aristocrats in the 19th century, and was the official capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro during the First Brazilian Republic, between 1894 and 1902. There are projects to annex Petrópolis again to the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, because it is linked to the capital by political and economic ties and contains one of the state's highest HDIs. Histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Paulo Revolt Of 1924
The São Paulo Revolt of 1924 (), also called the Revolution of 1924 (), Movement of 1924 () or Second 5th of July () was a List of wars involving Brazil, Brazilian conflict with characteristics of a civil war, initiated by ''Tenentism, tenentist'' rebels to overthrow the government of president Artur Bernardes. From the city of São Paulo on 5 July, the revolt São Paulo Revolt of 1924 in the interior, expanded to the interior of the state and inspired other uprisings across Brazil. The Urban combat in the São Paulo Revolt of 1924, urban combat ended in a loyalist victory on 28 July. The rebels' withdrawal, until September, prolonged the rebellion into the Paraná Campaign. The conspiratorial nucleus behind the revolt consisted of Brazilian Army in the First Republic, army officers, veterans of the Copacabana Fort revolt, in 1922, who were joined by military personnel from the Military Police of São Paulo State, Public Force of São Paulo, sergeants and civilians, all enemies o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Maria Madalena, Rio De Janeiro
Santa Maria Madalena () is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population was 10,392 (2020) and its area is 816 km2. The municipality contains part of the Desengano State Park The Desengano State Park () is a state park in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It protects an area of rugged mountains with a large remnant of Atlantic Forest that is home to various endangered species. Location The Desengano State Park ha ..., created in 1970. Climate References Municipalities in Rio de Janeiro (state) {{RiodeJaneiro-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leopold III Of Belgium
Leopold III (3 November 1901 – 25 September 1983) was King of the Belgians from 23 February 1934 until his abdication on 16 July 1951. At the outbreak of World War II, Leopold tried to maintain Belgian neutrality, but after the Battle of Belgium, German invasion in May 1940, he surrendered his country, earning him much hostility, both at home and abroad. Leopold's act was declared unconstitutional by Prime Minister Hubert Pierlot and his cabinet, who moved to London to form a Belgian government in exile, government-in-exile, while Leopold and his family were placed under house arrest. In 1944, they were moved to Germany and then Austria, before being liberated by the Americans, but banned for some years from returning to Belgium, where his brother Prince Charles, Count of Flanders, had been declared regent. Leopold's eventual return to his homeland in 1950 nearly caused a civil war, with serious calls for a secessionist republic in Wallonia. Under pressure from the government, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Henry, Duke Of Gloucester
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (Henry William Frederick Albert; 31 March 1900 – 10 June 1974) was a member of the British royal family. He was the third son of King George V and Mary of Teck, Queen Mary, and was a younger brother of kings Edward VIII and George VI. He served as Governor-General of Australia from 1945 to 1947, the only Prince to hold the post. Henry was the first son of a British monarch to be educated at school, where he excelled at sports, and went on to attend Eton College, after which he was commissioned in the 10th Royal Hussars, a regiment he hoped to command. However, his military career was frequently interrupted by royal duties, and he was nicknamed "the unknown soldier" due to his low profile. While big-game shooting in Kenya, he met the future pilot Beryl Markham, with whom he became romantically involved. The court put pressure on him to end the relationship, but he had to pay regular hush-money to avert a public scandal. In 1935, also under paren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilha Grande
Ilha Grande (), or "big island", is a forested island located around 12 km (7.5 mi) off of the Atlantic coast of Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and about 243 km (151 mi) from São Paulo. The highest point on Ilha Grande is the tall Pico da Pedra D'Água. History For almost a century, the Brazilian government declared the island off-limits, banning unauthorized entry, as it had contained an immigration quarantine station and, later, a maximum-security prison (''Colônia Penal de Dois Rios'', later known as ''Instituto Penal Cândido Mendes''). The Cândido Mendes Penal Colony, which housed some of the most dangerous offenders in Brazil, was closed in 1994. On 1 January 2010, devastating mudslides killed at least 19 people on the island. On 5 July 2019, Ilha Grande and Paraty were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Environment Ilha Grande and Paraty are contained within the of Tamoios Environmental Protection Area (APA), created in 1982. The main island ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antônio Maciel Bonfim
Antônio Maciel Bonfim (10 February 1905 – 2 April 1947), also known by the code name Miranda, was a revolutionary militant and the general secretary of the Communist Party of Brazil (PCB) between the years 1934 and 1936. Early life Bonfim was born on 10 February 1905 in Irará, Bahia, being the son of peasants João Matos de Bonfim and Maria Maciel Bonfim. He attended a religious school in his hometown and later became a teacher hired by the Anglo-Mexican Petroleum Company. Bonfim taught secondary courses in Alagoinhas, Bahia, where he also worked as an editor for the ''Correio de Alagoinhas''. By September 1929, he was an assistant at the Wilson, Sons & Company Ltd. firm. Communist activities In September 1930, Bonfim was the secretary of the Workers' Center and was arrested in Alagoinhas, accused of subversive propaganda and establishing clandestine cells in Salvador, Bahia. Considered at the time as the leader of communism in Bahia, he belonged to the Revolutionary A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimeograph
A mimeograph machine (often abbreviated to mimeo, sometimes called a stencil duplicator or stencil machine) is a low-cost duplicating machine that works by forcing ink through a stencil onto paper. The process is called mimeography, and a copy made by the process is a mimeograph. Mimeographs, along with spirit duplicators and hectographs, were common technologies for printing small quantities of a document, as in office work, classroom materials, and church bulletins. For even smaller quantities, up to about five, a typist would use carbon paper. Early fanzines were printed by mimeograph because the machines and supplies were widely available and inexpensive. Beginning in the late 1960s and continuing into the 1970s, photocopying gradually displaced mimeographs, spirit duplicators, and hectographs. Origins Use of stencils is an ancient art, butthrough chemistry, papers, and pressestechniques advanced rapidly in the late nineteenth century: Papyrograph A description of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luís Carlos Prestes
Luís Carlos Prestes (January 3, 1898 – March 7, 1990) was a Brazilian revolutionary and politician who served as the Secretary (title), general-secretary of the Brazilian Communist Party from 1943 to 1980 and a senator for the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District from 1946 to 1948. One of the leading communists in Brazil, Prestes has been regarded by many as one of Brazil's most charismatic yet tragic figures for his leadership of the Rio Grande do Sul Revolt of 1924, 1924 ''tenentist'' revolt and his subsequent work with the History of the socialist movement in Brazil, Brazilian communist movement. The 1924 expedition earned Prestes the nickname ''The Knight of Hope.'' Beginning in 1924, as a young army officer, Prestes was a leading figure in an abortive military revolt. After its failure, he led a band of rebel troops, known as the Coluna Prestes, Prestes Column, on a three-year, 14,000-mile trek through the remote Brazilian interior in a futile attempt to stir peasa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Revolution Of 1930
The Revolution of 1930 () was an armed insurrection across Brazil that ended the First Brazilian Republic, Old Republic. The revolution replaced incumbent president Washington Luís with defeated presidential candidate and revolutionary leader Getúlio Vargas, concluding the political hegemony of coffee with milk politics, a four-decade-old oligarchy and beginning the Vargas Era. For most of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Brazilian politics had been controlled by an alliance between the states of São Paulo (state), São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The presidency had alternated between them every election until 1929, when incumbent President Washington Luís declared his successor would be Júlio Prestes, also from São Paulo. In response to the betrayal of the oligarchy, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraíba formed a Liberal Alliance (Brazil), Liberal Alliance backing opposition candidate Getúlio Vargas, president of Rio Grande do Sul. The Alliance denounced the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prestes Column
The ''Coluna Prestes'', also known as ''Coluna Miguel Costa-Prestes'', in English Prestes Column, was a social rebel movement that broke out in Brazil between 1925 and 1927, with links to the Tenente revolts. The rebellion's ideology was diffuse, but the main issues that caused it were the general dissatisfaction with the oligarchic First Brazilian Republic, the demand for the institution of the secret ballot, and the defense of better public education. The rebels marched some 25,000 km (15,534 mi) through the Brazilian countryside. They did not aim to defeat the forces of the Federal government in battle, but rather to ensure their survival and their ability to continue threatening the government. Uprising On 5 July 1924, on the second anniversary of the Copacabana Fort revolt, a new armed revolt broke out in São Paulo. The ''Tenentes'' (English: lieutenants), young army officers that were deeply dissatisfied with the country's political and social landscape, under the comma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
