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History Of The Jews In Białystok
History of the Jewish community of Bialystok (), the capital of Podlaskie Voivodeship in northeastern Poland, dates back to the mid-17th century. The local Jewish community grew rapidly, and from the beginning of the 19th century made up more than half of the entire population of Bialystok: until the First World War, Jews made up 66%-75% of the city's population, but between the two world wars the proportion of Jews dropped to 50%-60% of the residents. The great development of the city and the Jewish community in it, is related to the development of the textile industry in Bialystok in the 19th century. In 1850, the first Jewish factory was established, and as early as 1867, about half of the 89 weaving factories in Bialystok were Jewish-owned. The city developed a system of Hebrew, elementary and high schools, many youth movements, diverse from Jewish society, and also published a press in Yiddish. With the German occupation in World War II, a Nazi ghetto was established for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podlaskie Voivodeship
Podlaskie Voivodeship ( ) is a Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship in northeastern Poland. The name of the voivodeship refers to the historical region of Podlachia (in Polish, ''Podlasie''), and significant part of its territory corresponds to that region. The capital and largest city is Białystok. It borders the Masovian Voivodeship to the west, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship to the northwest, Lublin Voivodeship to the south, Belarus to the east, and Lithuania to the northeast. The voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998, from the former Białystok Voivodeship (1975–98), Białystok and Łomża Voivodeships and the eastern half of the former Suwałki Voivodeship. Etymology The voivodeship takes its name from the Polish historical regions, historic region of Poland called ''Podlasie'', or in Latin known as Podlachia. There are two opinions regarding the origin of the region's name. People often derive it from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gródek, Białystok County
Gródek () is a village in Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Gródek. It lies approximately east of the regional capital Białystok. The Supraśl (river), Supraśl River, a tributary of the Narew, flows through the village. History The history of the town is connected with the Chodkiewicz family. In the 15th century, a castle stood on a hill in the meadows. In 1498, Aleksander Chodkiewicz Supraśl Orthodox Monastery, founded an Orthodox monastery here, which was moved to Supraśl a few years later. In the mid-16th century, the town received city rights. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Gródek passed successively into the hands of the Pac, Sapieha and Radziwiłł families. At the end of the 18th century, it was a magnate town of the Zabłudów county in the Grodno district of the Trakai voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1897, Gródek l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheder
A ''cheder'' (, lit. 'room'; Yiddish pronunciation: ''khéyder'') is a traditional primary school teaching the basics of Judaism and the Hebrew language. History ''Cheders'' were widely found in Europe before the end of the 18th century. Lessons took place in the house of the teacher, known as a '' melamed'', whose wages were paid by the Jewish community or a group of parents. Normally, only boys would attend classes - girls were educated by their mothers in their homes. Where money was scarce and the community could not afford to maintain many teachers, boys of all ages would be taught in a single group. Although traditionally boys start learning the Hebrew alphabet the day they turned three, boys typically entered ''cheder'' school around the age of 5. After learning to read Hebrew, they would immediately begin studying the Torah, starting with the Book of Leviticus. They would usually start learning the Mishnah at around seven years of age and the Talmud (Mishnah, Gemara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Jewish Labour Bund In Poland
The General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland (, ) was a History of the Jews in Poland, Jewish socialist party in Poland which promoted the political, cultural and social autonomy of Jewish workers, sought to combat antisemitism and was generally opposed to Zionism. Creation of the Polish Bund The Polish Bund emerged from the General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia of the erstwhile Russian empire. The Bund had party structures established amongst the Jewish communities in the Polish areas of the Russian empire. When Poland fell under German occupation in 1914, contact between the Bundists in Poland and the party centre in St. Petersburg became difficult. In November 1914 the Bund Central Committee appointed a separate Committee of Bund Organizations in Poland to run the party in Poland. Theoretically the Bundists in Poland and Russia were members of the same party, but in practice the Polish Bundists operated as a party of their own. In December 1917 the split was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bloc Of National Minorities
Bloc may refer to: Government and politics * Political bloc, a coalition of political parties * Trade bloc, a type of intergovernmental agreement * Voting bloc, a group of voters voting together * Black bloc, a tactic used by protesters who wear black clothing to conceal identities by making it difficult to distinguish between participants Other uses * Bloc (code school), an educational website * Bloc Hotels, a British hotel chain See also * * * Block (other) * Bloc Party, a band * Bloc party, a political party that is a constituent member of an electoral bloc * Bloc Québécois, a political party in Canada * Block voting, or bloc voting, types of electoral systems * Eastern Bloc, a former group of communist states during the Cold War * Western Bloc, countries aligned with the United States during the Cold War {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mizrachi (political Party)
Mizrachi (, ''HaMizrahi'', an acronym for ''Merkaz Ruhani'' (), ) was a political party in Israel, and is one of the ancestors of the modern-day National Religious Party–Religious Zionism. History The Mizrachi movement was founded in 1902 in Vilnius as a religious Zionist organisation. It also had a trade union, Hapoel HaMizrachi, started in 1921. In the British Mandate of Palestine, the movement developed into a political party, ''HaMizrachi''. For the elections for the first Knesset, it ran as part of a joint list called the United Religious Front, alongside the Hapoel HaMizrachi, Agudat Yisrael, and Poalei Agudat Yisrael. The group won 16 seats, of which Mizrachi took four, making it the third-largest party in the Knesset, after Mapai and Mapam. It was invited to join the coalition government by David Ben-Gurion David Ben-Gurion ( ; ; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary List of national founders, national founder and first Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanation
Sanation (, ) was a Polish political movement that emerged in the interwar period, prior to Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 ''Coup d'État'', and gained influence following the coup. In 1928, its political activists went on to form the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (''BBWR''). The Sanation movement took its name from Piłsudski's goal of a moral " sanation" (healing) of the Polish body politic. The movement functioned cohesively until Piłsudski's death in 1935. Following his death, Sanation fragmented into several factions, including "the Castle" (President Ignacy Mościcki and his supporters)."''Sanacja''," ''Encyklopedia Polski'', p. 601. Sanation, which supported authoritarian rule, was led by a circle of Piłsudski's close associates, including Walery Sławek, Aleksander Prystor, Kazimierz Świtalski, Janusz Jędrzejewicz, Adam Koc, Józef Beck, Tadeusz Hołówko, Bogusław Miedziński, and Edward Śmigły-Rydz. It emphasized the primacy of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonpartisan Bloc For Cooperation With The Government
The Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (, ; abbreviated ''BBWR'') was a "non-political" organization in the interwar Second Polish Republic, in 1928–35. It was closely affiliated with Józef Piłsudski and his Sanation movement. Its major activists included Walery Sławek, Kazimierz Bartel, Kazimierz Świtalski, Aleksander Prystor, Józef Beck, Janusz Jędrzejewicz, Wacław Jędrzejewicz, Adam Koc, Leon Kozłowski, Ignacy Matuszewski, Bogusław Miedziński, Bronisław Pieracki, Adam Skwarczyński, and Janusz Franciszek Radziwiłł. In 1993, Lech Wałęsa, then President of Poland, founded a Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms, in Polish ''Bezpartyjny Blok Wspierania Reform'', likewise abbreviated "''BBWR''," which was meant to revive some of the traditions of the prewar "BBWR" and to form a parliamentary grouping explicitly supportive of President Wałęsa. In the 1993 elections, the new "BBWR" achieved limited success, capturing 5.41% of the vot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I. The Second Republic was taken over in 1939, after it was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and the Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Polish government-in-exile was established in Paris and later London after the fall of France in 1940. When, after several regional conflicts, most importantly the victorious Polish-Soviet war, the borders of the state were finalized in 1922, Poland's neighbours were Czechoslovakia, Germany, the Free City of Danzig, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania, and the Soviet Union. It had access to the Baltic Sea via a short strip of coastline known as the Polish Corridor on either side of the city of Gdynia. Between March and August 1939, Poland a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chorszul Synagogue (Białystok)
The Chorszul Synagogue in Białystok (from Yiddish: Chóralna), known as the Zabłudowski Synagogue was a synagogue that was located in Białystok at Białówny Street (at those times Żydowska Street, in the centre of the new Jewish district. History The initiator of its reconstruction was, among others, Mark Zamenhof, the father of L. L. Zamenhof. Presumably, the Zamenhof family attended this particular synagogue during their stay in Białystok. It was built in 1834 as the first modern synagogue in the city, on Żydowska Street next to Kościuszko Market Square (with the Great Synagogue not far from other side of the square. The main benefactor was the Zabłudowski family, which is the reason for the synagogue commonly called the "Zabludowski Synagogue". In the late 1850s, it was the first synagogue in the city where a choir began to sing, hence its official name "Chorszul". At that time, a famous cantor was also brought from Kiev. The building was made of brick, had two stor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Synagogue (Białystok)
The Great Synagogue () was a former Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, that was located in Białystok, in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland. The synagogue building was designed by Szlojme Rabinowicz and completed in 1913. The building served as a house of prayer until World War II when it was destroyed by Nazis on June 27, 1941. It was estimated that approximately 700 to 800 Jewish people were inside the synagogue at the time of its destruction, by arson. History The synagogue was located on Suraska Street. Construction began in 1909, and the building was completed in 1913. It was designed by Szlojme (Shlomo) Jakow Rabinowicz and included three Byzantine Revival-style domes: a large one with a spire over the main hall with two smaller ones flanking it over the side halls. On the morning of June 27, 1941, Nazi troops from Police Battalion 309 of the Ordnungspolizei surrounded the town square by the Great Synagogue and forced residents from their homes into the street. So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sienkiewicza Street, Białystok
Sienkiewicza Street () is a major street and a thoroughfare in Białystok running from the Kościuszko Market Square towards the Poleski Railway Station, running through Centrum, Sienkiewicza and Bojary districts. History 200px, View of the street, November 2021 The street began as a road leading to Wasilków and Grodno. It was not until the mid-18th century that it was given an urban character. It was then called Wasilkowska. It ended at the Wasilków Gate, situated just beyond the Biała river. Near the gate, at the current intersection of Sienkiewicza and Piłsudskiego Avenue, stood the impressive "Pod Jeleniem" inn. In turn, the corner buildings at the entrance to the market square were the manor house (currently Astoria) and the "Pod Łosiem" tenement house in the opposite side. At the beginning of the 19th century, the appearance of the street did not change much. It was characteristic that on the side starting from the former manor house, in 1810 belonging to Chaim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
