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History Of Rail Transport In Myanmar
Rail transport in Myanmar (then Burma) began in 1877. Three private rail companies were nationalised nineteen years later. During the Japanese occupation of Burma, Allied prisoners of war were forced to build the Burma Railway. Myanmar Railways has expanded its network somewhat since 1988. 1877–1895 Rail transport was introduced in Burma in May 1877 (when Lower Burma was a colony of the United Kingdom and part of British India) with the opening of the Rangoon-to-Prome line by the Irrawaddy Valley State Railway. The line, following the Irrawaddy River, was built over a three-year period with labour imported from India (particularly the areas affected by the Bihar famine of 1873–74). Unusually for a British colonial railway, it was built to 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) metre gauge. In 1884 the Sittang Valley State Railway, a new company, opened a line along the Sittang River from Rangoon to Toungoo via Pegu. The Irrawaddy line was considered commercially important be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Rail Transport
The history of rail transport began before the beginning of the common era. It can be divided into several discrete periods defined by the principal means of track material and motive power used. Ancient systems The Post Track, a prehistoric causeway in the valley of the River Brue in the Somerset Levels, England, is one of the oldest known constructed trackways and dates from around 3838 BCE, making it some 30 years older than the Sweet Track from the same area. Various sections have been designated as scheduled monuments. Evidence indicates that there was a ''Diolkos'' paved trackway, which transported boats across the Isthmus of Corinth in Greece from around 600 BCE.Cook, R. M.: "Archaic Greek Trade: Three Conjectures 1. The Diolkos", ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'', vol. 99 (1979), pp. 152–155 (152)Lewis, M. J. T."Railways in the Greek and Roman world", in Guy, A. / Rees, J. (eds), ''Early Railways. A Selection of Papers from the First International Early Railwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandalay
Mandalay is the second-largest city in Myanmar, after Yangon. It is located on the east bank of the Irrawaddy River, 631 km (392 mi) north of Yangon. In 2014, the city had a population of 1,225,553. Mandalay was founded in 1857 by King Mindon Min, Mindon, replacing Amarapura as the new royal capital of the Konbaung dynasty. It was Burma's final royal capital before the kingdom's Third Anglo-Burmese War, annexation by the British Empire in 1885. Under British rule, Mandalay remained commercially and culturally important despite the rise of Yangon, the new capital of British Burma. The city suffered extensive destruction during the Japanese conquest of Burma in the World War II, Second World War. In 1948, Mandalay became part of the newly independent Union of Burma. Today, Mandalay is the economic centre of Upper Myanmar and considered the centre of Burmese culture. A continuing influx of irregular Overseas Chinese, Chinese immigrants, mostly from Yunnan, since the late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A History Of Our Time
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its name in English is '' a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version is often written in one of two forms: the double-storey and single-storey . The latter is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type. In English, '' a'' is the indefinite article, with the alternative form ''an''. Name In English, the name of the letter is the ''long A'' sound, pronounced . Its name in most other languages matches the letter's pronunciation in open syllables. History The earliest known ancestor of A is ''aleph''—the first letter of the Phoenician ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nawnghkio
Nawnghkio (, ), variously spelt Naunghkio, Naungcho or Nawngcho, is a town in Kyaukme District, in northern Shan State, Burma. It is the principal town and administrative seat of Nawnghkio Township. It is connected to Mandalay, Pyin U Lwin, Kyaukme, Hsipaw and Lashio by road and rail and by road to Taunggyi via National Road 43. Asia World Company won the contract to rebuild part of the road in 2002. Originally on the Mandalay-Lashio Road, after Pyin U Lwin and before Kyaukme, Nawnghkio is on what is now the Mandalay-Muse Road, part of the Asian Highway Route 14 (AH14). Approximately of land in the area were reclaimed and allotted to coffee growers in 1999–2000. Women of reproductive age (15-49) in Kyaukme and Nawnghkio have been targeted for improvement in reproductive health in the community in collaboration with Japan. A study mission was started in June 2004, with the project continuing for the period January 2005- December 2009. The town was seized by the T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goteik Viaduct
The Goteik viaduct (, MLC Transcription System, MLCTS: ''gu.hti.ta.aa.'', also known as Gohteik viaduct or Gok Hteik viaduct) is a railway Trestle bridge, trestle over the Goteik Gorge of the Myitnge River in western Shan State, Myanmar (also known as Burma). The bridge is between the two towns of Nawnghkio and Gokhteik, and it's part of the railways between Pyin Oo Lwin, the summer capital of the former British colonial administrators of Burma, and Lashio, the principal town of northern Shan State. It is the highest bridge in Myanmar and when it was completed, the largest railway trestle in the world. It is located approximately 100 km northeast of Mandalay. The bridge was constructed in 1899 by the Pennsylvania and Maryland Bridge Construction Company, and opened in 1900. The components were made by the Pennsylvania Steel Company and were shipped from the United States. The rail line was constructed to help expand the influence of the British Empire in the region. The constr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandalay–Lashio Railway
Mandalay–Lashio Railway () also known as Northern Shan State Railway () is a gauge railway line in Myanmar's Shan State, operated by Myanma Railways. The line runs from Mandalay Central Railway Station to Lashio Railway Station in 11 hours, it is under proposal extending towards the Yunnan border from the current terminus with dual gauge rails. The section from Lashio to Muse and Yunnan is expected to be interoptable with both Chinese and Myanmar trains. There are a number of spur lines. There is another proposed project to allow Chinese trains to run 900 km from Kunming all the way to Kyaukpyu under Build-Operate-Transfer. Major stops in Pyin Oo Lwin, Kyaukme, Hsipaw. The line is in poor condition and on many sections the ride is extremely rough. The carriages with open windows serve to trim the trackside vegetation as it moves and attendants sweep away the debris regularly during the journey. On the descent down to Mandalay there is a back and forth switch back. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathein
Pathein ( ; , ; , ), formerly called Bassein, is the largest city and the capital of the Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. It is located 190 km (120 mi) west of Yangon within Pathein Township on the bank of the Pathein River—a western branch of the Irrawaddy River. The city had a population of 172,923 in 2019. Although once a part of the Mon kingdoms, Pathein has few ethnic Mon residents today. The majority are of Bamar ethnicity with significant Karen, Indian, Rakhine and Chinese populations. Etymology The name is believed to derive from the Old Mon name, (). "pha" means great or wide and sī/sɛm means river or sea. Pha-sɛm means a big sea. The name was corrupted to ''Bassein'' during the British colonial period. An alternate theory holds that the city's name comes from the classical name of Pathein, Kusimanagara, a name used by ancient writings and the Kalyani inscriptions. Pathein itself is a corruption of Mon "Kuthen," which itself is a contraction of Kusima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railroads In Burma
Rail transport in Myanmar consists of a railway network with 960 stations. The network, generally spanning north to south with branch lines to the east and west, is the second largest in Southeast Asia, and includes the Yangon Circular Railway which serves as a commuter railway for Yangon, the principal commercial city in Myanmar. The quality of the railway infrastructure is generally poor. The tracks are in poor condition, and are not passable during the monsoon season. The speed of freight trains is heavily restricted on all existing links as a consequence of poor track and bridge conditions. The maximum speed for freight trains has been quoted as , suggesting that commercial speeds on this section could be as low as . The network is run by Myanma Railways (, ; formerly Burma Railways), a state-owned railway company under the Ministry of Rail Transportation. In the 2013-14 fiscal year, Myanma Railways carried about 60 million passengers (35 million in the circular railway and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kachin Hills
The Kachin Hills are a heavily forested group of highlands in the extreme northeastern area of the Kachin State of Burma. They consist of a series of ranges running mostly in a N/S direction, including the Kumon Bum subrange of which the highest peak is Bumhpa Bum with an elevation of one of the ultra-prominent peaks of Southeast Asia. The Kachin Hills are inhabited by the Kachin people. Geography The country within the Kachin Hill tracts is roughly estimated at , and consists of a series of ranges, for the most part running north and south, and intersected by valleys, all leading towards the Irrawaddy River, which drains the whole country. British administration According to the Kachin Hill Tribes Regulation of 1895, administrative responsibility was accepted by the British government on the left bank of the Irrawaddy for the country south of the Nmaikha, and on the right bank for the country south of a line drawn from the confluence of the Malikha and Nmaikha through the nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katha, Burma
Katha (, ; , ''Kat Hsa''), sometimes also spelled Kathar, is a town in Sagaing Region, Myanmar, on the west side of the Irrawaddy River on a bluff with an average elevation of . Most of the town is more than above the river. Katha is known for having inspired Kyauktada, the fictional setting of George Orwell's ''Burmese Days''. Location Katha is 12 hours by rail north of Mandalay through the railroad junction town of Naba which is to the west of Katha. A small branch of railway runs east from Naba to Katha. Katha can also be reached by ferries that run on the Irrawaddy River between the upstream town of Bhamo down to Mandalay. There is also direct bus service from Mandalay to Katha, but it is a bumpy ride. Climate Katha has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification ''Aw'') bordering on a humid subtropical climate (Köppen ''Cwa''). Temperatures are very warm to hot throughout the year, with milder winter months (December–February). There is a winter dry se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wuntho, Burma
Wuntho () is a town in Kawlin District, Sagaing Region, Myanmar. It is the administrative seat of Wuntho Township. History While not the capital, it gave its name to the native state of Wuntho which was formally annexed to Burma by the British in 1892. Rail service from Mandalay was extended to Wuntho in 1893. On 30 December 1994, on the outskirts of Wuntho on the Bonkyaung bridge a Mandalay-Myitkyina Myitkyina (, ; Jingpho language, Jinghpaw: ''Myitkyina'', ; , ''Sèna'') is the capital city of Kachin State in Myanmar (Burma), located from Yangon, and from Mandalay. In Burmese language, Burmese it means "near the big river", and Myitkyina i ... passenger train derailed when its brakes failed and one passenger car plummeted into a ravine. In all, 102 people were killed and 53 were seriously injured.Staff (5 January 1995) "Rail derailment kills 102, injures 53" ''BBC Summary of World Broadcasts'' from Radio Myanmar, Rangoon, in Burmese, 1330 GMT 31 December 1994 Notes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
