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Henri-François Gaultier De Claubry
Henri-François Gaultier de Claubry (21 Jul 1792 – 4 Jul 1878) was a French chemist and toxicologist. Following the discovery of iodine in 1811, he examined its properties along with Jean-Jacques Colin (1784-1865) and identified its ability to react with starch in 1814. Biography Gaultier de Claubry was born in Paris, son of well-known physician Charles-Daniel. After beginning studies in medicine, he shifted to research and began to apprentice in the pharmacies of Pelletier and Boudet and at the Hôpital de la Charité before joining the laboratory of Gay Lussac at the École Polytechnique. He then worked under Louis Jacques Thenard at the Faculty of Sciences. In 1812 he translated William Henry's ''Elements of Experimental Chemistry'' into French. Iodine–starch test The iodine–starch test was first described in 1814 by Gaultier de Claubry and Jean-Jacques Colin, and independently by Friedrich Stromeyer the same year. Classification of minerals His thesis publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaultier De Claubry
Gaultier () is a name of French origin. It may refer to: People *Grégory Gaultier (born 1982), French squash player * Bon Gaultier, a pen name of the British writers William Edmondstoune Aytoun (1813–1865) and Sir Theodore Martin (1816–1909) *Denis Gaultier (1597 or 1602/3–1672), French lutenist and composer *Ennemond Gaultier (–1651), French lutenist and composer *Jacques Gaultier (–1652), French lutenist * Jean-Jacques Gaultier (born 1963), member of the National Assembly of France *Jean Paul Gaultier (born 1952), French fashion designer *Jules de Gaultier (1858–1942), French philosopher * Pierre Gaultier (–1681), French scholar, lutenist and composer *Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye (1685–1749), French Canadian military officer, fur trader and explorer *Walter of Pontoise (–), or Gaultier of Pontoise, French abbot and Roman Catholic saint *Léon Gaultier (1915–1997), French collaborator * Léonard Gaultier (1561–1641), French engraver O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Stromeyer
Friedrich Stromeyer FRS(For) FRSE (2 August 1776 – 18 August 1835) was a German chemist. He was the discoverer of cadmium. From 1982, the Friedrich Stromeyer Prize has been awarded for chemical achievement in Germany. Biography He was born in Göttingen on 2 August 1776 the eldest son of Dr Ernerst Johann Friedrich Stromeyer, professor of medicine at Göttingen University, and his wife, Marie Magdalena Johanne von Blum. Stromeyer studied Chemistry and Medicine at Göttingen and Paris and received an MD degree from the University of Göttingen in 1800, studying under Johann Friedrich Gmelin and Louis Nicolas Vauquelin. He was then a professor at the university, and also served as an inspector of apothecaries. His students included Robert Bunsen. In 1817, whilst studying compounds of zinc carbonate, Stromeyer discovered the element cadmium. Cadmium is a common impurity of zinc compounds, though often found only in minute quantities. He was also the first to recommend starch a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientists From Paris
A scientist is a person who researches to advance knowledge in an area of the natural sciences. In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature called natural philosophy, a precursor of natural science. Though Thales ( 624–545 BC) was arguably the first scientist for describing how cosmic events may be seen as natural, not necessarily caused by gods,Frank N. Magill''The Ancient World: Dictionary of World Biography'', Volume 1 Routledge, 2003 it was not until the 19th century that the term ''scientist'' came into regular use after it was coined by the theologian, philosopher, and historian of science William Whewell in 1833. History The roles of "scientists", and their predecessors before the emergence of modern scientific disciplines, have evolved considerably over time. Scientists of different eras (and before them, natural philosophers, mathematici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century French Chemists
The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was Abolitionism, abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanded beyond its British homeland for the first time during the 19th century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, France, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Catholic Church, in response to the growing influence and power of modernism, secularism and materialism, formed the First Vatican Council in the late 19th century to deal with such problems an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1792 Births
Events January–March * January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea. * January 25 – The London Corresponding Society is founded. * February 18 – Thomas Holcroft produces the comedy ''The Road to Ruin (play), The Road to Ruin'' in London. * February 20 ** The Postal Service Act, establishing the United States Postal Service, United States Post Office Department, is signed by President George Washington.''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p169 ** Parliament House, Dublin catches fire during a legislative session. "Although in imminent danger of the roof falling in," it is noted later, "the House did not adjourn until a proper motion had been put and carried in the affirmative.""Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1878 Deaths
Events January * January 5 – Russo-Turkish War: Battle of Shipka Pass IV – Russian and Bulgarian forces defeat the Ottoman Empire. * January 9 – Umberto I becomes King of Italy. * January 17 – Russo-Turkish War: Battle of Philippopolis – Russian troops defeat the Ottoman Empire. * January 23 – Benjamin Disraeli orders the British fleet to the Dardanelles. * January 24 – Russian revolutionary Vera Zasulich shoots at Fyodor Trepov, Governor of Saint Petersburg. * January 28 – In the United States: ** The world's First Telephone Exchange begins commercial operation in New Haven, Connecticut. ** ''The Yale News'' becomes the first daily college newspaper in the U.S. * January 31 – Turkey agrees to an armistice at Adrianople. February * February 2 – Greece declares war on the Ottoman Empire. * February 7 – Pope Pius IX dies, after a 31½ year pontificate (the longest definitely confirmed). * February 8 &nd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Académie Nationale De Médecine
Situated at 16 Rue Bonaparte in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the Académie nationale de médecine (National Academy of Medicine) was created in 1820 by King Louis XVIII at the urging of baron Antoine Portal. At its inception, the institution was known as the Académie royale de médecine (or ''Royal Academy of Medicine''). This academy was endowed with the legal status of two institutions which preceded it—the Académie royale de chirurgie (or ''Royal Academy of Surgery''), which was created in 1731 and of the Société royale de médecine (or ''Royal Society of Medicine''), which was created in 1776. Background Academy members initially convened at the ''Paris Faculty of Medicine (or Faculté de Médecine de Paris)''. Four years later, the academy acquired its own headquarters, in the form of a mansion in the rue where it was located until 1850. The office was then relocated to a vaulted hall of the Hospital of Charity on rue Saint Pierre. Their current facility o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adulterant
An adulterant is a substance secretly added to another that may compromise the safety or effectiveness. Typical substances that are adulterated include food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals or fuels. Definition Adulteration is the practice of secretly mixing a substance with another. The secretly added substance will not normally be present in any specification or declared substances due to accident or negligence rather than intent, and also for the introduction of unwanted substances after the product has been made. Adulteration, therefore, implies that the adulterant was introduced deliberately in the initial manufacturing process, or sometimes that it was present in the raw materials and should have been removed, but was not. An adulterant is distinct from, for example, permitted food preservatives. There can be a fine line between adulterant and Food additive, additive; chicory may be added to coffee to reduce the cost or achieve a desired flavor—this is adulteration if not de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jöns Jacob Berzelius
Baron Jöns Jacob Berzelius (; 20 August 1779 – 7 August 1848) was a Swedish chemist. Berzelius is considered, along with Robert Boyle, John Dalton, and Antoine Lavoisier, to be one of the founders of modern chemistry. Berzelius became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1808 and served from 1818 as its principal functionary. He is known in Sweden as the "Father of Swedish Chemistry". During his lifetime he did not customarily use his first given name, and was universally known simply as Jacob Berzelius. Although Berzelius began his career as a physician, his enduring contributions were in the fields of electrochemistry, chemical bonding and stoichiometry. In particular, he is noted for his determination of atomic weights and his experiments that led to a more complete understanding of the principles of stoichiometry, which is the branch of chemistry pertaining to the quantitative relationships between elements in chemical compounds and chemical reactions and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iodine–starch Test
The iodine–starch test is a chemical reaction that is used to test for the presence of starch or for iodine. The combination of starch and iodine is intensely blue-black. The interaction between starch and the triiodide anion () is the basis for iodometry. History and principles The iodine–starch test was first described in 1814 by Jean-Jacques Colin and Henri-François Gaultier de Claubry, and independently by Friedrich Stromeyer the same year. In 1937, Canadian-American biochemist Charles S. Hanes extensively investigated the action of amylases on starch and the changes in iodine coloration during starch degradation and proposed a spiral chain conformation for the starch molecule, suggesting that fragments with more than one complete coil of the spiral might be necessary for iodine coloration. Karl Freudenberg et al., in 1939, building upon Hanes' helical model, proposed that the helical conformation of amylose creates a hydrophobic cavity lined with CH groups, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Jacques Colin
Jean-Jacques Colin (16 December 1784 – 1865) was a French chemist known for his work in plant physiology, fermentation, and the chemistry of iodine. He collaborated with Henri-François Gaultier de Claubry on research demonstrating the interaction between iodine and starch, and with Pierre Jean Robiquet on the isolation of alizarin and purpurin from madder root. Colin held teaching positions at the École Polytechnique, the University of Sciences in Dijon, and the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. Over his career, he published research across chemistry, mineralogy, and biology, contributing to studies on seed germination, fermentation, dye production, and soap manufacturing. Early life and education Jean-Jacques Colin was born on 16 December 1784 in Riom, Department of Puy-de-Dôme, France. He was appointed a répétiteur (tutor) of chemistry at the École Polytechnique under Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, a post he held until 1817. Following the political changes after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Henry (chemist)
William Henry (12 December 17742 September 1836) was an English chemist. He was the son of Thomas Henry and was born in Manchester England. He developed what is known today as Henry's Law. Life William Henry was apprenticed to Thomas Percival and later worked with John Ferriar & John Huit at the Manchesters Infirmary. He began to study medicine at University of Edinburgh in 1795, taking his medical in 1807, but ill-health interrupted his practice as a physician, and he devoted his time mainly to chemical research, especially with regard to gases. One of his best-known papers (published in ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society'', 1803) describes experiments on the quantity of gases absorbed by water at different temperatures and under different pressures. His results are known today as Henry's law. His other papers deal with gas-analysis, fire-damp, illuminating gas, the composition of hydrochloric acid and of ammonia, urinary and other morbid concretions, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
