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Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution ( or ; ) was a successful insurrection by slave revolt, self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue, now the sovereign state of Haiti. The revolution was the only known Slave rebellion, slave uprising in human history that led to the founding of a state which was both free from Slavery in the Americas, slavery (though not from forced labour) and ruled by non-whites and former captives. The revolt began on 22 August 1791, and ended in 1804 with the former colony's independence. It involved black, biracial, French, Spanish, British, and Polish participants—with the ex-slave Toussaint Louverture emerging as Haiti's most prominent general. The successful revolution was a defining moment in the history of the Atlantic World and the revolution's effects on the institution of slavery were felt throughout the Americas. The end of French rule and the Abolitionism, abolition of slavery in the former colony was followed by a successful de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hispaniola
Hispaniola (, also ) is an island between Geography of Cuba, Cuba and Geography of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean. Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and the second-largest by List of Caribbean islands by area, land area, after Geography of Cuba, Cuba. The island is Dominican Republic–Haiti border, divided into two separate Sovereign state, sovereign countries: the Spanish-speaking Geography of the Dominican Republic, Dominican Republic () to the east and the French language, French and Haitian Creole–speaking Geography of Haiti, Haiti () to the west. The only other divided island in the Caribbean is Saint Martin (island), Saint Martin, which is shared between France () and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands (). At the time of the European arrival of Christopher Columbus, Hispaniola was home to the Ciguayo language, Ciguayo, Macorix language, Macorix, and Taíno Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean, native pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Rigaud
Benoit Joseph André Rigaud (17 January 1761 – 18 September 1811) was the leading mulatto military leader during the Haitian Revolution. Among his protégés were Alexandre Pétion and Jean-Pierre Boyer, both future presidents of Haïti. Rigaud rebelled against Toussaint Louverture's government, leading to the War of the South. Early life Rigaud was born on 17 January 1761 in Les Cayes, Saint-Domingue, to André Rigaud, a wealthy French planter, and Rose Bossy Depa, a slave woman. His father acknowledged the mixed-race (mulatto) boy as his at a young age and sent him to Bordeaux, where he was trained as a goldsmith. Rigaud was known to wear a brown-haired wig with straight hair to resemble a white man as closely as possible. Revolutionary After returning to Saint-Domingue from France, Rigaud became active in politics. He was a successor to Vincent Ogé and Julien Raimond as a champion of the interests of free people of color in Saint-Domingue, as colonial Haïti was kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Maitland (British Army Officer)
Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Maitland (10 March 1760 – 17 January 1824) was a British Army officer, politician and colonial administrator. He also served as a Member of Parliament for Haddington from 1790 to 1796, 1802–06 and 1812–13. He was made a Privy Councillor on 23 November 1803. He was the second surviving son of James Maitland, 7th Earl of Lauderdale, and the younger brother of James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale. Maitland never married. Early military career Maitland was commissioned into the Edinburgh Light Horse, shortly after his birth, but did not take up his commission until he joined the 78th (Highland) Regiment of Foot (Seaforth Highland Regiment) as a captain in 1778. He transferred to the 62nd Foot as a major in 1790. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel in 1794 and colonel and brigadier-general in 1798. Haitian Revolution In 1797, Maitland landed in Saint-Domingue, under orders to capture the French colony. Maitland realised that his forces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Thomas Villaret De Joyeuse
Vice-Admiral Louis-Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse (29 May 1747Granier, p.87Some biographers give a date of 1750 (Levot, p.541). Granier quotes the registers of Sainte-Marie parish. – 24 July 1812Levot, p.544) was a French Navy officer and politician. Born in Auch, after serving in the Indies under Suffren he rose in rank during the early stages of the French Revolution. Villaret commanded of the French fleet at the Glorious First of June, where despite being handed a heavy tactical defeat, he ensured the vital passage of a grain convoy to France. He led the French fleet during the disastrous Croisière du Grand Hiver and failed to prevent a British fleet from successfully retreating, with his last battle being a defeat off Groix. He was relieved when he refused to serve for the disastrous Expédition d'Irlande. Villaret was then elected at the Council of Five Hundred. He joined the Club de Clichy, a party promoting colonies and slavery, and harbouring Royalist sympathies. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donatien-Marie-Joseph De Vimeur, Vicomte De Rochambeau
Divisional-General Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de Rochambeau (7 April 1755 – 20 October 1813) was a French Army officer and colonial administrator who served in the American Revolutionary War and French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He was the son of Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau. Biography He served in the American Revolutionary War as an '' aide-de-camp'' to his father, spending the winter of 1781–1782 in quarters at Williamsburg, Virginia. In the 1790s, he participated in an unsuccessful campaign to re-establish French authority in Martinique and Saint-Domingue. Rochambeau was later assigned to the French Revolutionary Army in the Italian Peninsula, and was appointed to the military command of the Ligurian Republic. In 1802, he was appointed to lead an expeditionary force against Saint-Domingue (Haiti) after General Charles Leclerc's death. His remit was to restore French control of their rebellious colony, by any means. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Leclerc (general, Born 1772)
Divisional general, Divisional-General Charles Victoire Emmanuel Leclerc (17 March 1772 – 2 November 1802) was a French Army officer who served in the French Revolutionary Wars. He was the husband of Pauline Bonaparte, the younger sister of Napoleon. In 1801, Leclerc was appointed commander of the Saint-Domingue expedition with the goal of restoring French rule and slavery in the colony of Saint-Domingue and deposing Governor-General Toussaint Louverture. The expedition defeated Louverture's army and deported him to France, but Leclerc died of yellow fever after the colony's Black population revolted against French rule. Early life Charles Leclerc was born on 17 March 1772 in Pontoise, Île-de-France. In 1791, he volunteered to join the French Royal Army, serving as a second lieutenant in the Chasseur#Chasseurs à cheval, 12th Regiment of Chasseurs à Cheval before becoming an aide-de-camp to Jean François Cornu de La Poype. Leclerc remained loyal to the French First Republic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career of Napoleon, a series of military campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815. He led the French First Republic, French Republic as French Consulate, First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then ruled the First French Empire, French Empire as Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1814, and briefly again in 1815. He was King of Italy, King of Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic), Italy from 1805 to 1814 and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine from 1806 to 1813. Born on the island of Corsica to a family of Italian origin, Napoleon moved to mainland France in 1779 and was commissioned as an officer in the French Royal Army in 1785. He supported the French Rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léger-Félicité Sonthonax
Léger-Félicité Sonthonax (7 March 1763 – 23 July 1813) was a French politician and colonial administrator. He was a Jacobin before joining the Girondins, which emerged in 1791. During the Haitian Revolution, he controlled 7,000 French troops in Saint-Domingue. His official title was Civil Commissioner. From September 1792, he and Polverel became the '' de facto'' rulers of Saint-Domingue's non-slave population. Because they were associated with Brissot’s party, they were put in accusation by the convention on July 16, 1793, but a ship to bring them back in France didn’t arrive in the colony until June 1794, and they arrived in France in the time of the downfall of Robespierre. They had a fair trial in 1795 and were acquitted of the charges the white colonists brought against them. Sonthonax believed that Saint-Domingue's whites were royalists or separatists, so he attacked the military power of the white settlers and by doing so alienated the colonial settlers from their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philibert François Rouxel De Blanchelande
Philippe François Rouxel, viscount de Blanchelande (21 February 1735 – 15 April 1793) was a French Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Saint-Domingue from 1790 to 1792. He was born on 21 February 1735 in Dijon, France, and subsequently joined the French army, rising to the rank of ''Maréchal de camp'' by 1781. In that year, Blanchelande led a French expeditionary force which captured Tobago from the British. He was subsequently made governor of the island, serving from 1781 to 1784. Blanchelande subsequently succeeded Antoine de Thomassin de Peynier as governor of Saint-Domingue at the end of 1790. In 1791, during the Haitian Revolution, Rouxel led French troops against rebel slaves led by Dutty Boukman. In 1792, he was replaced as governor by Adrien-Nicolas Piédefer, marquis de La Salle, who would himself be replaced by François-Thomas Galbaud du Fort after June 1793. Convicted of counter-revolutionary actions and treason, Blancheland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Loring (died 1808)
John Loring (died 9 November 1808) was an officer in the Royal Navy who served during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Loring was a descendant of a naval officer, with his first-cousin also making a successful career in the navy. John Loring saw some service in the American War of Independence, being promoted to lieutenant during the war, but remained at this rank until shortly after the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars. He went out to the Mediterranean with his first command and served at the Siege of Toulon under Admiral Lord Hood. His ship was under repair when the city fell to French forces, and he was forced to burn her to keep her out of enemy hands. His service continued though, and he became acting-captain of the 74-gun for a brief period before a new officer was appointed to replace her original captain. Loring went on to command several ships of the line, before once again taking over HMS ''Bellerophon'', th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir John Duckworth, 1st Baronet
Admiral Sir John Thomas Duckworth, 1st Baronet, GCB (9 February 1748 – 31 August 1817) was an English Royal Navy officer, colonial administrator and politician who served in the Seven Years' War, American War of Independence, French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and War of 1812. In addition to serving as the governor of Newfoundland, he was also a member of the British House of Commons during his semi-retirement. Duckworth, a vicar's son, achieved much in a naval career that began at the age of 11. Serving with most of the great names of the Royal Navy during the later 18th and early 19th centuries, he fought almost all of Britain's enemies on the seas at one time or another, including a Dardanelles operation that would be remembered a century later during the First World War. He was in command at the Battle of San Domingo, the last great fleet action of the Napoleonic Wars. Early life Born in Leatherhead, Surrey, England, Duckworth was one of five sons of Sarah Johns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Capois
François Capois (1766 – 8 October 1806) was a Haitian rebel and army officer who fought in the Haitian Revolution. He was born in Port-de-Paix, Saint-Domingue on the island of Hispaniola, on the plantation of Laveaux/Lapointe. His name was a transformation of the name ''cappouet'', owner of the plantation. Military career His military career began in 1793 after a visit with independence leader Toussaint Louverture at Port-de-Paix. Then under the colonel Jacques Maurepas he was a member of the 9th brigade. His rank in the army changed quickly, first to Lieutenant, then to Captain of the 3rd Battalion. He participated under general Jacques Maurepas against all expeditions and invasions in the north-eastern region of the island. Capois is mostly known for his extraordinary courage and especially his herculean bravery at the Battle of Vertières in which the French general Viscount of Rochambeau, commander of Napoleon's army in Saint-Domingue (colonial Haiti), even called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
