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Granastrapotherium
''Granastrapotherium'' is an extinct genus of ungulate mammals, described from remains found in rocks of the Honda Group in the Tatacoa Desert, in the Colombian departments of Huila and Tolima, at the Miocene fossil site La Venta. The only species formally recognized is ''Granastrapotherium snorki'' (from Spanish, ''gran'', "great"; ''Astrapotherium'', "lightning beast"; and snorkel, breathing tube, in reference to the trunk). Remains found in Bolivia and Peru, seem to belong to ''Granastrapotherium'' or a very similar animal. Description This astrapothere differs from its coeval, the uruguaytheriine astrapotheriid ''Xenastrapotherium'' by their larger size, between 3 and 4 tonnes, with tusks about one meter long, making it one of the largest representatives of Astrapotheria, only surpassed by some species of ''Parastrapotherium''. Other differences include the presence of only one premolar, the lack of incisors in both jaws and the disposition of the canine tooth, which ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laventan
The Laventan () age is a period of geologic time (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) within the Middle Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Colloncuran and precedes the Mayoan age. Etymology The age is named after the Miocene Lagerstätte La Venta, where a rich biodiversity from the Middle Miocene has been recovered from the Honda Group. Formations Fossil content Correlations The Laventan (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) correlates with: * NALMA ** latest Barstovian (15.97-13.65 Ma)Barstovian at .org ** early |
Honda Group, Colombia
The Honda Group (, Tsh, Ngh) is a group (geology), geological group of the Upper Magdalena Basin, Upper and Middle Magdalena Basins and the adjacent Cordillera Central (Colombia), Central and Cordillera Oriental (Colombia), Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The group, in older literature also defined as formation, is in its present-day type section in the Tatacoa Desert in the departments of Colombia, department of Huila Department, Huila subdivided into two main formations; La Victoria and Villavieja. The group was originally defined in and named after Honda, Tolima, Honda, Tolima, but has been redefined based on the many fossil finds in the Tatacoa Desert, to the south. In the original type section of its occurrence, the thick group is subdivided into three formations, from old to young; Cambrás, San Antonio and Los Limones. The group dates to the Neogene period; in its broadest definition from the Oligocene, Late Oligocene to Miocene, Late Miocene, and in the redefine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 In Paleontology
Plants Cycadophytes Cycadophyte research *Hopkins and Johnson briefly report the first occurrence of cycad leaves from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands Klondike Mountain Formation which will later be identified to the family Zamiaceae. Angiosperms Fungi Paleomycological research *LePage ''et al'' briefly describe the first instance of ectomycorrhizae in the fossil record, based on specimens from the Eocene Okanagan highlands Princeton chert site. The fungi are associated with ''Pinus'' roots and were considered similar to the modern fungal genera ''Rhizopogon'' and ''Suillus'' Arthropoda Insects Plesiosaurs Newly Named Plesiosaurs Archosauromorphs Pseudosuchians General pseudosuchian research * A review of Australasian fossil crocodilians is published by Willis (1997). Pterosaurs Newly Named Pterosaurs Non-avian dinosauromorphs * Paleontologist Karen Chin received a coprolite that was excavated during 1995 in paleontology, 1995 from strata dating back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Venta (Colombia)
La Venta is a fossil locality located in the modern departments of Tolima and Huila in Colombia. This site is one of the richest Neogene fossil assemblages in South America and represents the best-known Cenozoic fossil site outside of Argentina. It provides a glimpse of what life in the region was like before the main wave of the Great American Interchange. Geology The fossils occur in Middle Miocene rocks of the Honda Group, which is divided into the younger Villavieja Formation and the older La Victoria Formation. The La Venta fauna contained ancient species of animal genera and families still alive today, as well as some entirely extinct prehistoric lineages. These animals lived some 13.8 to 12 million years ago in the Laventan age, which was named after La Venta. At that time, the climate of the region was wetter than today and there was much forest of trees similar (and probably related) to the ''sapino'' ('' Goupia glabra'') of our time. List of fauna Fossil anima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xenastrapotherium
''Xenastrapotherium'' is an extinct genus of astrapothere, a type of hoofed herbivorous mammal, native to South America, which lived in the Middle to Late Miocene period, typically during the Laventan stage. It is a member of the family Astrapotheriidae in the subfamily Uruguaytheriinae, large astrapotheres, equipped with a trunk-like nose and protruding teeth, similar to the elephants, but their tusks were the canine teeth, not the incisors. ''Xenastrapotherium'' (named after the Greek word ''xenos'' "strange" add to the genus ''Astrapotherium'', "lightning beast") was a genus widely distributed in northern South America, in contrast to other species of astrapotheres which lived in the area of the Southern Cone of the continent. It differed from other astrapotheres by having two lower incisors on each side of the jaw and the tusks have a pronounced longitudinal curvature, although their general shape and size are probably very similar to ''Astrapotherium'', whose weight would ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrapotheria
Astrapotheria is an extinct order of South American and Antarctic hoofed mammals that existed from the late Paleocene to the Middle Miocene, ."The uruguaytheriine Astrapotheriidae from the rich middle Miocene Honda Group of the upper Magdalena River valley in Colombia (...) are the youngest securely dated remains of that order in South America." Astrapotheres were large, rhinoceros-like animals and have been called one of the most bizarre orders of mammals with an enigmatic evolutionary history. The taxonomy of this order is not clear, but it may belong to Meridiungulata (along with Notoungulata, Litopterna, Pyrotheria and Xenungulata). In turn, Meridungulata is believed to belong to the extant superorder Laurasiatheria. Some scientists have regarded the astrapotheres (and sometimes the Meridiungulata as a whole) as members of the clade Atlantogenata. However, collagen and mitochondrial DNA sequence data analysed in 2015 places at least the notoungulates and litopterns firmly w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrapotherium
''Astrapotherium'' ("lightning beast") is an extinct genus of large Astrapotheria, astrapotherian ungulate native to South America during the early-middle Miocene. It is the best known member of the group. The type species. ''A. magnus'' have been found in the Santa Cruz Formation in Argentina. Other fossils have been found in the Deseado Formation, Deseado, Sarmiento Formation, Sarmiento, and Aisol Formations of Argentina and Chile (Cura-Mallín Group).''Astrapotherium'' at Fossilworks.org Description 
''Astrapotherium'' had an elongated body, with a total length around , a weigh ...
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Trigonostylops
''Trigonostylops'' is an extinct genus of South American meridiungulatan ungulate, from the Late Paleocene to Late Eocene (Itaboraian to Tinguirirican in the SALMA classification) of South America (Argentina and Peru) and Antarctica (Seymour Island). It is the only member of the family Trigonostylopidae. Description A complete skull of the type species, ''T. wortmani'', has been found, and it has been classified as an astrapothere based on its large lower incisors. Phylogeny Cladogram based in the phylogenetic analysis published by Vallejo Pareja ''et al''., 2015, showing the position of ''Trigonostylops'':Vallejo Pareja et al., 2015 Distribution Fossils of ''Trigonostylops'' have been found in:''Trigonostylops'' at |
Department Of Tolima
Tolima () is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the Andean region, in the center-west of the country. It is bordered on the north and the west by the department of Caldas; on the east by the department of Cundinamarca; on the south by the department of Huila, and on the west by the departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Quindío and Risaralda. Tolima has a surface area of 23,562 km2, and its capital is Ibagué. The department of Tolima was created in 1861 from a part of what was previously Cundinamarca. History Indigenous civilization The Pijao inhabited the southern parts of Tolima during pre-Columbian times. The name of the department comes from the Pijao word for "snowed". The Panche, of the same linguistic family as the Pijao, populated the northern regions of Tolima, close to the Magdalena Valley. Renowned as fierce warriors, the Panche were widely known for fighting the Muisca over the control of emerald mining territories. They fought ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Premolar
The premolars, also called premolar Tooth (human), teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the Canine tooth, canine and Molar (tooth), molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per dental terminology#Quadrant, quadrant in the permanent teeth, permanent set of teeth, making eight premolars total in the mouth. They have at least two Cusp (dentistry), cusps. Premolars can be considered transitional teeth during chewing, or mastication. They have properties of both the canines, that lie anterior and molars that lie Posterior (anatomy), posterior, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars. Human anatomy The premolars in humans are the maxillary first premolar, maxillary second premolar, mandibular first premolar, and the mandibular second premolar. Premolar teeth by definition are permanent teeth Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eoastrapostylops
''Eoastrapostylops'' is an extinct genus of astrapothere that lived during the Late Paleocene in what is now Argentina. Description This animal was small in size; the skull was 9 centimeters long and the total length of the animal probably just exceeded half a meter. ''Eoastrapostylops'' possessed a short muzzle ; its canines were well developed but not yet derived into large fangs, as was the case in later South American ungulates such as ''Trigonostylops'', and the nasal bones were not retracted, indicating the absence of the typical proboscis exhibited by later forms. The dentition of ''Eoastrapostylops'' recalls that of its later relative, ''Trigonostylops''. molars and premolars were low-crowned and lophoselenodont-shaped. The fourth premolar was molarized, while both the fourth upper premolar and the third upper molar were triangularly shaped and lacked an hypoconus. Classification ''Eoastrapostylops riolorense'' was first described in 1981, based on fossils found in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
