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Gustavus Adolphus Of Sweden
Gustavus Adolphus (9 December [Old Style and New Style dates, N.S 19 December] 15946 November [Old Style and New Style dates, N.S 16 November] 1632), also known in English as Gustav II Adolf or Gustav II Adolph, was King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632, and is credited with the rise of Swedish Empire, Sweden as a great European power (). During his reign, Sweden became one of the primary military forces in Europe during the Thirty Years' War, helping to determine the political and religious balance of power in Europe. He was formally and posthumously given the name Gustavus Adolphus the Great (; ) by the Riksdag of the Estates in 1634. He is often regarded as one of the greatest military commanders in modern history, with use of an early form of combined arms. His most notable military victory was the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631), Battle of Breitenfeld in 1631. With his resources, logistics, and support, Gustavus Adolphus was positioned to become a major European leader, but he wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Swedish Monarchs
This list records the Monarchy of Sweden, monarchs of Sweden, from the late Viking Age to the present day. Sweden has continuously been a monarchy since the country's consolidation in the Viking Age and early Middle Ages, for over a thousand years. The incumbent royal dynasty of Sweden is the House of Bernadotte, established on the throne in 1818. History There were organized political structures in Sweden before the kingdom was unified; based on archaeological evidence, early tribal societies are believed to have transitioned into organized chiefdoms in the first few centuries AD, perhaps spurred by contacts with the Roman Empire and the rest of Europe. In the period AD 500–800, Scandinavian societies began adopting cultural elements from the newly established Germanic kingdoms in Europe, transitioning further into petty kingdoms. Archaeological evidence suggests that were numerous petty kingdoms throughout modern-day Sweden. Foreign sources and later native sources descri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire or the Great Power era () was the period in Swedish history spanning much of the 17th and early 18th centuries during which Sweden became a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region. During this period it also held territories on the North Sea and some Swedish overseas colonies, overseas colonies, including New Sweden. The beginning of the period is usually taken as the reign of Gustavus Adolphus, who ascended the throne in 1611, and its end as the loss of territories in 1721 following the Great Northern War. After the death of Gustavus Adolphus in 1632, the empire was controlled for lengthy periods by part of the high Swedish nobility, nobility, such as the Oxenstierna family, acting as regents for minor monarchs. The interests of the high nobility contrasted with the uniformity policy (i.e., upholding the traditional equality in status of the Swedish estates favoured by the kings and peasantry). In territories ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Riga (1621)
The siege of Riga ( Swedish: ''Belägringen av Riga''; Polish: ''Oblężenie Rygi'') was a successful Swedish siege of Riga during the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625). It led to the capture of the city, and subsequently sent shockwaves through Europe. Background In 1621, the king of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus, declared that the previously signed truce between Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was void. At the time, the Commonwealth was at war with the Ottoman Empire regarding Moldavia, and with Gustavus' reforms in the Swedish army, he was ready to deploy his armies into Livonia once again. Swedish forces The Swedish army and fleet consisted of the following: Ground forces * 9 regiments of infantry * 10–11 cavalry companies * 56 cannons Sea forces * 106–109 transport vessels * 25–30 warships * 17 smaller ships * 9 "hunters" Prelude Despite the Swedish fleet being dispersed and interrupted by a storm, it managed to set out on 3 August, sailed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625)
The Polish–Swedish War of 1621 to 1625 was a war in a long-running series of conflicts between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Swedish Empire. It began with a Swedish invasion of the Polish–Lithuanian fiefdom Livonia. Swedish forces succeeded in taking the city of Riga after a siege. The Commonwealth, focused on a war with the Ottoman Empire (such as the battles of Cecora and Chocim), was unable to send significant forces to stop Gustav Adolf, and signed a truce favorable to Sweden. The Commonwealth ceded Livonia north of the Dvina (Düna) river, and retained only nominal control over Riga. The new truce in Mitau (Jelgava, Mitawa) was signed and lasted from November 1622 to March 1625. Introduction The Polish–Swedish War of 1617–18 showed that the Swedish Army, despite several reforms, was still unable to defeat the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Furthermore, King Gustav Adolf was still regarded in Europe as a usurper. To safeguard the Swedish crown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livonian Campaign (1617–1618)
Livonian campaign was the main theatre of the Polish–Swedish War (1617–1618). While the main Swedish objective to capture Riga failed, the Swedes managed to capture Pärnu, which they had for the next two years. Background In 1616, Wolmar Fahrensbach, the governor over Courland, began secret talks with the Swedish Government. Due to these talks, he managed to ally Courland with Sweden against the Commonwealth. The talks were mostly caused by Fahrensbach not receiving the rank of commander over the fortress of Dünamünde, which caused him to take offense at the Commonwealth. He had also initiated a conflict with the city of Riga. The situation in Sweden was different. Sweden had lost control of Älvsborg, which was a strategic fortress situated on the Kattegat during the Kalmar War. Sweden was forced to pay one million riksdaler to get the fortress back, which was a lot of money. The Swedish Chancellor, Axel Oxenstierna, convinced the king to take advantage of the situatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish–Swedish War (1617–1618)
The Polish–Swedish War (1617–1618) was a phase of the longer Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629. It continued the war of 1600–1611 and was an attempt by Sweden to take Polish pressure off Russia. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was then also fighting Tartars and (on the southern front) the Ottoman Empire. Russia and Sweden were at that stage allied, prior to the Ingrian War, part of Russia's Time of Troubles. The 1617–1618 war's cause was a dispute over Livonia and Estonia, and a dispute between Sigismund III Vasa and Gustavus Adolphus over the Swedish throne. Background After the death of Charles IX of Sweden, Sweden was ruled by his teenage son, Gustavus Adolphus. The young monarch was supported by influential Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna, who in April 1612 agreed to prolong the truce with the Commonwealth until September 1616. At the same time, Polish king Sigismund III Vasa did not renounce the Swedish crown (see Polish–Swedish union), and plotted agai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Pskov (1615)
The siege of Pskov between 9 August and 27 October 1615 was the final battle of the Ingrian War with which the hostilities ended. Swedish forces under Gustav II Adolf laid siege to Pskov, but were unable to take the city. Prelude After the Battle of Klushino, the Swedish troops, located in Russia, called in 1609 by Vasily Shuisky, declared war on Russia and in 1611 occupied Novgorod Land. The siege of Tikhvin in 1613 was unsuccessful for the Swedes, but in 1614 they managed to take Gdov. In 1615 the Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus intended to subdue the Pskov land. Siege Approaching Pskov, the Swedes tried to take it immediately, but were repelled by the Pskov garrison with heavy losses. In front of the king, famed field marshal Evert Horn was shot dead from the wall. During the siege, the Swedes shelled the city with artillery, but at night Pskovites successfully closed any breach in the walls, and repeatedly made bold sallies causing the Swedes considerable losses. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Gdov
The siege of Gdov was part of the Time of Troubles and an episode of the Ingrian War. Prelude In 1613, the Swedes, who captured Novgorod, approached Gdov (Augdow) twice, but as a result of the sorties of the garrison and with the help of the Pskov, the siege was withdrawn. In July 1614, the Swedes managed to defeat the Russian army sent for the liberation of Novgorod in the Battle of Bronnitsy, after which they firmly captured the military initiative in the north-west of Russia. Siege In August 1614, the main Swedish forces led by Evert Horn were concentrated at Gdov. On August 25, King Gustavus Adolphus also arrived. The defenders of Gdov managed to repel two attacks, in which the Swedes suffered serious losses. However, the situation of the besieged became increasingly critical. Swedish artillery and subversive mines systematically destroyed the fortress wall. When more than a quarter of it was destroyed, the garrison decided to agree to the surrender of the city with fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ingrian War
The Ingrian War () was a conflict fought between the Swedish Empire and the Tsardom of Russia which lasted between 1610 and 1617. It can be seen as part of Russia's Time of Troubles, and is mainly remembered for the attempt to put a Swedish duke on the Russian throne. It ended with a large Swedish territorial gain (including Ingria) in the Treaty of Stolbovo, which laid an important foundation to Sweden's Age of Greatness. Prelude During Russia's Time of Troubles, Vasily IV of Russia was besieged in Moscow by the supporters of the False Dmitry II. Driven to despair by the Polish intervention, he entered into an alliance with Charles IX of Sweden, who was also waging war against Poland. According to the Vyborg Treatise of 1609, the tsar promised to cede Korela Fortress to Sweden in recompense for military support against False Dmitry II and the Poles. Russia also renounced all territorial claims on the coast of the Baltic Sea coast. The Swedish commander Jacob De la Gar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian IV's Naval Expedition To Stockholm
The Naval Expedition to Stockholm (; ) occurred from 31 August to 10 September 1612. It occurred during the late stages of the Kalmar War, where a Danish fleet of 36 warships under Christian IV of Denmark, Christian IV attempted to attack Stockholm and capture it, which failed. Background In late July, the main Danish fleet returned to Copenhagen. Simultaneously, this was also the time when its Swedish counterpart set out from Älvsnabben on 24 July. Commanded by Grand Admiral#Sweden, Grand Admiral :sv:Göran_Nilsson_Gyllenstierna, Göran Gyllenstierna, it sailed towards Öland, then turning south-east towards the Gdańsk Bay, bay of Danzig, where it operated from 29 July to 6 August, searching for the Danish fleet. During the search, the Swedes captured some Merchant ship, merchantmen, before giving up the search and returning to Älvsnabben on 10 August. In Copenhagen, King Christian IV of Denmark, Christian IV had given up on his previous strategies during the war, this tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Vittsjö
The Battle of Vittsjö was a battle between Swedish force under the supervision of Gustavus Adolphus and Denmark-Norway, Dano-Norwegian force under Breide Rantzau that took place in 1612; it was more a case of the Swedes fleeing the Danes than a full-scale battle.http://www.zenker.se/Historia/Gustaf_II_Adolf/3_kriget_med_danmark.shtml "Träffningen vid Vittsjö" Gustavus Adolphus, who in December 1611 at the age of 17, had ascended the throne of Sweden, was in the winter of 1612 on the rampage in Skåne in retaliation for the Danish ravaging of Småland and Västergötland during the Kalmar War. He and his army, which consisted of about 3,000 men, led by , Herman Wrangel Herman Wrangel (born 1584/1587 – 10 December 1643) was a Swedish military officer and statesman of Baltic German extraction. Biography Herman von Wrangel was born in Livonia. He came to Sweden around 1608. In 1612, he participated in the ..., and others, had burned the city of Vä and 24 parishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustavus Adolphus' Reconquest Of Öland
Gustavus Adolphus' reconquest of Öland occurred from 26 or 27 September to 8 October 1611 during the Kalmar War. Background While Christian IV prepared to return to Copenhagen with the main Danish fleet, Gustavus Adolphus, along with Per Hammarskiöld, prepared to reconquer Öland from Denmark, Per Hammarskiöld also knew the island well. For the invasion, Adolphus gathered three banners of cavalry and some seven or eight companies of infantry. The cavalry consisted of Hammarskiöld's old unit, the Småland banner, which was commanded by Per Nilsson, and Victori Sim's cavalry company. The infantry consisted of the Drabant Company under Anders Larsson, Gertrom Yggesson's Småland company, Nils Assersson Mannerskiöld's Östergötland company, and most likely Olf Olsson's Västmanland company. The infantry also included men that had recently came from Finland, including Erik Olsson and Bryngen Torstensson's companies, both conscripted in Finland, and a Scottish company under Rob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
