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Gongsun Zan
Gongsun Zan () (before 161 - April or May 199), courtesy name Bogui, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty. Early life and battles with foreign tribes Gongsun Zan was born in Lingzhi, Liaoxi Commandery (遼西郡), which is present-day Qian'an, Hebei. He served in the secretariat commandery. His appearance was striking and his voice imposing. Furthermore, he was a talented orator. During any discussions, he would not waste time on trivial matters and concentrate on the important with great memory and pertinence in his arguments. The local Administrator (太守), whose surname was Hou (侯), was greatly impressed and married his daughter to him. He also sent him to study under the tutelage of Lu Zhi, where he bonded with Liu Bei, one of his classmates. Since Gongsun Zan was older, Liu Bei treated him like an older brother. He was appointed as official serving in a commandery. When his Administrator (太守), whose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gongsun
Gongsun () is one of the few Chinese compound surnames. Famous people with this surname include: * Gongsun Xuanyuan, reputed name of the Yellow Emperor; other sources say his surname was Jī (surname), Ji * Gongsun Shu, emperor of Chengjia * Shang Yang, Gongsun Yang, Chinese Legalism, Legalist philosopher * (Xishou [犀首]), Warring States era Qin (state), Qin premier and Wei strategist * Gongsun Xi, Warring States era Wei (state), Wei general * Gongsun Long, philosopher, School of Names, Logician * Gongsun Hong Western Han dynasty philosopher, Confucian scholar * Gongsun Ao General of the Han dynasty * Gongsun He, General of the Han dynasty * Gongsun Zan, warlord and general of the Han dynasty * Rulers of Liaodong Commandery, Liaodong in the Three Kingdoms: ** Gongsun Du, general of the Han dynasty ** Gongsun Kang, elder son of Gongsun Du ** Gongsun Gong, younger son of Gongsun Du ** Gongsun Yuan, younger son of Gongsun Kang, claimed independence and set up Yan Kingdom (Three ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiaolian
Xiaolian (; literally " filial and incorrupt"), was the standard of nominating civil officers started by Emperor Wu of Han in 134 BC. It lasted until its replacement by the imperial examination system during the Sui dynasty. In Confucian philosophy, filial piety is a virtue of respect for one's parents and ancestors. onfucianism in Context Classic Philosophy and Contemporary Issues, East Asia and Beyond/ref> Under the advice of Dong Zhongshu, Emperor Wu ordered each commandery to recommend one filial and one incorrupt candidate for civil offices. Later the nomination became proportional; Emperor He of Han changed the proportion to one candidate for every 200,000 residents, and one for every 100,000 residents in ethnic minority regions. The nominator was also responsible if the nominee was charged with corruption, and could be punished if he refused to nominate qualified individuals. After the Han dynasty, high positions were usually nominated according to the Nine-rank system, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scholar-gentry
The "gentry", or "landed gentry" in China was the elite who held privileged status through passing the Imperial exams, which made them eligible to hold office. These literati, or scholar-officials, (''shenshi'' 紳士 or ''jinshen'' 縉紳), also called 士紳 ''shishen'' "scholar gentry" or 鄉紳 ''xiangshen'' "local gentry", held a virtual monopoly on office holding, and overlapped with an unofficial elite of the wealthy. The Tang and Song dynasties expanded the civil service exam to replace the nine-rank system which favored hereditary and largely military aristocrats. As a social class they included retired mandarins or their families and descendants. Owning land was often their way of preserving wealth.Chang Chung-li hongli Zhang ''The Chinese Gentry: Studies on Their Role in Nineteenth-Century Chinese Society'' (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1955). Confucian classes The Confucian ideal of the four occupations ranked the scholar-official above farmers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Jieqiao
The Battle of Jieqiao (also known as the Battle of Jie Bridge) was fought between the Chinese warlords Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan in late 191 or early 192 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. It was the first significant clash of arms between the rival warlords in the contest for dominion of Ji and Qing provinces in northern China. The site of the battle is generally considered to be a site east of Guangzong County, Julu Commandery (present-day Wei County, Xingtai, Hebei). Background Late in the winter of 191, following a victorious campaign against remnants of the Yellow Turban rebels, Gongsun Zan took the pretext of his cousin Gongsun Yue's death in the Battle of Yangcheng to declare war on Yuan Shao. His army marched southwest between the Qing and Yellow rivers into Ji Province. Very quickly a number of cities under Yuan's control were compelled to change sides. Yuan Shao hurriedly made conciliatory gestures, in a bid to forestall a full blown war. He gave his official posi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohai Commandery
Bohai Commandery (勃海郡 or 渤海郡) was a commandery of China from Han dynasty to Tang dynasty. It was centered around modern southern Hebei province. The commandery was established during Emperor Gaozu of Han's reign. In Western Han, it administered 26 counties, including Fuyang (浮陽), Yangxin (陽信), Dongguang (東光), Fucheng (阜城), Qiantong (千童), Chonghe (重合), Nanpi (南皮), Ding (定), Zhangwu (章武), Zhongyi (中邑), Gaocheng (高成), Gaole (高樂), Canhu (參戶), Chengping (成平), Liu (柳), Linle (臨樂), Dongpingshu (東平舒), Chongping (重平), Anci (安次), Xiushi (脩市), Wen'an (文安), Jingcheng (景成), Shuzhou (束州), Jiancheng (建成), Zhangxiang (章鄉) and Puling (蒲領). The population in 2 AD was 905,119, or 256,377 households. During the Eastern Han dynasty, the seat was moved to Nanpi. By 140 AD, the number of counties had decreased to 8, including Nanpi, Gaocheng, Chonghe, Fuyang, Dongguang, Zhangwu, Yangxin and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Yangcheng
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuan Shao
Yuan Shao (, ; died 28 June 202), courtesy name Benchu (), was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He occupied the northern territories of China during the civil wars that occurred towards the end of the Han dynasty. He was also an elder half-brother of Yuan Shu, a warlord who controlled the Huai River region, though the two were not on good terms with each other. One of the most powerful warlords of his time, Yuan Shao spearheaded a Campaign against Dong Zhuo, coalition of warlords against Dong Zhuo, who held Emperor Xian of Han, Emperor Xian hostage in the imperial capital, Luoyang, but failed due to internal disunity. In 200, he launched a campaign against his rival Cao Cao but was defeated at the Battle of Guandu. He died of illness two years later in Ye (ancient China), Ye. His eventual failure despite his illustrious family background and geographical advantages was commonly blamed on his indecisiveness and inabil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuan Shu
Yuan Shu () (155 – 199), courtesy name Gonglu, was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty. He rose to prominence following the collapse of the Han central government in 189. He declared himself Emperor of China in 197 under the short-lived Zhong dynasty, two years before his death in 199. Life Early life Yuan Shu was from Ruyang County (), Runan Commandery, which is in present-day Shangshui County, Henan. His family had for over four generations been a prominent force in the Han civil service, having produced numerous members in high positions since the first century CE. Descended from Yuan An, who served during the reign of Emperor Zhang, Yuan Shu was a son of the Minister of Works Yuan Feng () and his principal wife. Yuan Shu is sometimes described to be a younger cousin(绍之从弟也) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 6. of the warlord Yuan Shao, but was actually Yuan Shao's younger half-brother. As a young man he gain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xianbei
The Xianbei (; ) were an ancient nomadic people that once resided in the eastern Eurasian steppes in what is today Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeastern China. The Xianbei were likely not of a single ethnicity, but rather a multilingual, multi-ethnic confederation consisting of mainly Proto-Mongols (who spoke either pre-Proto-Mongolic,, quote: "The Xianbei confederation appears to have contained speakers of Pre-Proto-Mongolic, perhaps the largest constituent linguistic group, as well as former Xiongnu subjects, who spoke other languages, Turkic almost certainly being one of them."Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1983). "The Chinese and Their Neighbors in Prehistoric and Early Historic China," in The Origins of Chinese Civilization, University of California Pressp. 452of pp. 411–466. or Para-Mongolic languages), and, to a minor degree, Tungusic and Turkic peoples. They originated from the Donghu people who splintered into the Wuhuan and Xianbei when they were defeated by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Yu (warlord)
Liu Yu (courtesy name Bo'an; died November 193?) was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty. Life Liu Yu's ancestral home was in Tan County ( zh, 郯縣), Donghai State ( zh, 東海國), which is around present-day Tancheng County, Shandong. His ancestor was Liu Qiang ( zh, 劉彊; 25–58 CE), a son and heir apparent of Emperor Guangwu who was deposed in 43 CE and became the Prince of Donghai ( zh, 東海王). His grandfather Liu Jia ( zh, 劉嘉) served as Minister of the Household ( zh, 光祿勳), while his father Liu Shu ( zh, 劉舒) served as the Administrator ( zh, 太守) of Danyang Commandery ( zh, 丹陽郡Fan Ye cited Xie Cheng's work in vol.73 of ''Houhanshu'' for Liu Yu being a descendant of Liu Jiang and the identity of Liu Yu's father. Liu Yu's biography in ''Book of the Later Han'' only mentioned that his grandfather was Liu Jia.). Liu Yu held various appointments in the Han government during the reign of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liaoxi Commandery
Liaoxi Commandery ( zh, 遼西郡) was a commandery in imperial China from the Warring States period to Tang dynasty. It was located in modern eastern Hebei and western Liaoning, to the west of the Liao River. The commandery was created by the state of Yan on its northern border during the Warring States period. In Western Han dynasty, It administered 14 counties, including Qielü (且慮), Haiyang (海陽), Xin'anping (新安平), Liucheng (柳城), Lingzhi (令支), Feiru (肥如), Bincong (賓從), Jiaoli (交黎), Yangle (陽樂), Husu (狐蘇), Tuhe (徒河), Wencheng (文成), Linyu (臨渝) and Lei (絫). In 2 AD, the population was 352,325, in 72,654 households. In Eastern Han, its territory and population were both much reduced. Five counties remained, including Yangle, Haiyang, Lingzhi, Feiru and Linyu. In 140 AD, the population was 81,714, in 14,150 households. In 280 AD, the commandery had 3 counties, namely Yangle, Feiru and Haiyang, and a population of 2,800 househ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youbeiping Commandery
Youbeiping Commandery ( zh, 右北平郡), or Beiping Commandery ( zh, 北平郡) was a commandery in imperial China from the Warring States period to Tang dynasty. It was located in present-day Hebei and Tianjin. Youbeiping Commandery was established by the state of Yan for the defense against the Xiongnu. In Western Han dynasty, it administered 16 counties: Pinggang (平剛), Wuzhong (無終), Shicheng (石成), Tingling (廷陵), Junmi (俊靡), Ci (薋), Xuwu (徐無), Zi (字), Tuyin (土垠), Bailang (白狼), Xiyang (夕陽), Changcheng (昌城), Licheng (驪成), Guangcheng (廣成), Juyang (聚陽) and Pingming (平明). The population in 2 AD was 320,780, in 66,689 households. In Eastern Han, only 4 counties remained, namely Tuyin, Xuwu, Junmi and Wuzhong, while most of the others were abolished. In 140 AD, the population was 53,475, and the households numbered 9,170.''Book of Later Han'', Chapter 113. In Jin dynasty, the name was changed to Beiping. The population in 280 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
