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Georgian Civil War
The Georgian Civil War ( ka, საქართველოს სამოქალაქო ომი, ''sakartvelos samokalako omi'') lasted from 1991 to 1993 in the South Caucasian country of Georgia. It began in December 1991 with the coup against the first democratically-elected President of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, by the rebel factions of the Georgian National Guard and the Mkhedrioni paramilitary. It led to President Gamsakhurdia fleeing to neighboring Chechnya, and his subsequent insurgency and unsuccessful uprising to regain power in 1992–1993. Background Georgian independence and ethnic conflicts During the dissolution of the Soviet Union, an opposition movement in Georgia organized mass protests starting in 1988, culminating in a declaration of sovereignty in May 1990 and independence on April 9, 1991, which was recognized in December after the failed August Coup. Zviad Gamsakhurdia was elected President in May 1991. Meanwhile, ethnic minority sepa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of America, Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by U.S. state, states that had Secession in the United States, seceded from the Union. The Origins of the American Civil War, central conflict leading to war was a dispute over whether Slavery in the United States, slavery should be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prohibited from doing so, which many believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction. Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War, Decades of controversy over slavery came to a head when Abraham Lincoln, who opposed slavery's expansion, won the 1860 presidential election. Seven Southern slave states responded to Lincoln's victory by seceding f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zugdidi
Zugdidi ( ka, ზუგდიდი ; or ზუგიდი) is a city in the western Georgian historical province of Samegrelo (Mingrelia). It is situated in the north-west of that province. The city is located 318 kilometres west of Tbilisi, 30 km from the Black Sea coast and 30 km from the Egrisi Range, at an elevation of 100–110 metres above sea level. Zugdidi is the capital of the Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region, which combines Samegrelo (Mingrelia) and upper part of Svaneti, and the centre of the Zugdidi Municipality within. Zugdidi is the sixth most populous city in Georgia. The city serves as a residence of the Metropolitan of Zugdidi and Tsaishi Eparchy of the Georgian Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church. Etymology The name "Zugdidi" (ზუგდიდი) first appeared in the 17th century. Literally it means "big hill" in the Mingrelian language (from , 'hill'; 'big'). An alternative version of the name recorded in old sources is "Zubdidi" (� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Shevardnadze
Eduard Ambrosis dze Shevardnadze ( ka, ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Soviet and Georgian politician and diplomat who governed Georgia (country), Georgia for several non-consecutive periods from 1972 until his resignation in 2003 and also served as the final Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs, Soviet minister of foreign affairs from 1985 to 1991. Shevardnadze started his political career in the late 1940s as a leading member of his local Komsomol organisation. He was later appointed its Second Secretary, then its First Secretary. His rise in the Georgian Soviet hierarchy continued until 1961 when he was demoted after he insulted a senior official. After spending two years in obscurity, Shevardnadze returned as a First Secretary of a Tbilisi city district, and was able to charge the Tbilisi First Secretary at the time with corruption. His anti-corruption work quickly garnered the interest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dzhokhar Dudayev
Dzhokhar Musayevich Dudayev (born Dudin Musa-Khant Dzhokhar; 15 February 1944 – 21 April 1996) was a Chechen politician, statesman and military leader of the 1990s Chechen independence movement from Russia. He served as the first president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria from 1991 until his assassination in 1996. Dudayev had previously served as a senior officer in the Soviet Air Forces. Dudayev was born in Chechnya in 1944, days before his family and the entire Chechen nation were deported to Central Asia by the Soviet regime in the Chechen genocide as part of an ethnic cleansing program which affected several million members of ethnic minorities in the Soviet Union between the 1930s and 1950s. His family was allowed to return to his native Chechnya in 1956, after Joseph Stalin’s death. From 1962, Dudayev served in the Soviet Air Forces, reaching the rank of major general. He commanded strategic nuclear bomber aircraft divisions based in Poltava and Tartu, and was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akaki Eliava
Akaki Eliava ( ka, აკაკი ელიავა; 1952 – 9 July 2000) was a Georgian military officer involved in the Georgian civil war, 1993. Supporter of the ousted president Zviad Gamsakhurdia, he staged an abortive revolt against the government of Eduard Shevardnadze in 1998, and was killed in a skirmish with police in 2000. Born in Senaki, western Georgia, he joined in 1992 the National Guard, a powerful paramilitary force large faction of which had been involved in a successful coup against President Zviad Gamsakhurdia in December 1991-January 1992. When the ousted president returned to Georgia to reclaim power in September 1993, Colonel Eliava met him with his battalion at the Zugdidi airport, and rallied Gamsakhurdia's supporters to march on the capital Tbilisi. The rebellion was, however, defeated and the ex-president died in unclear circumstances on December 31, 1993. Eliava was arrested, but granted his amnesty in a few months, and joined the reconstructed arme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zurab Iremadze
Zurab "Gigla" Iremadze ( ka, ზურაბ ��იგლაირემაძე; 1960 – 13 August 2004) was a Georgian military commander who was involved in the Georgian Civil War in the early 1990s and then commanded the Georgian Navy from 1998 to 2004. He had the ranks of major general and vice admiral. Iremadze's career unfolded against the backdrop of the civil unrest in Georgia. He was one of the first officers of the National Guard, established in Georgia, then part of the crumbling Soviet Union, in 1990. Iremadze remained loyal to President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia after the latter was ousted in the 1991–1992 military coup and served him as a high-ranking commander in an attempted comeback in 1993. After Gamsakhurdia's final defeat and death in December 1993, Iremadze hid out in the forests of western Georgia and reconciled with the government of Eduard Shevardnadze in 1997. He was accepted in the army and made a commander of the Telavi-based airborne battalio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loti Kobalia
Vakhtang "Loti" Kobalia ( ka, ვახტანგ [ლოთი] ქობალია) (born 1950) is a retired Georgia (country), Georgian colonel involved in the Georgian Civil War, civil war of the early 1990s in which he commanded forces loyal to the ousted President of Georgia, President Zviad Gamsakhurdia. Kobalia was a commander of the Zugdidi battalion of the National Guard of Georgia at the time when the armed opposition groups launched a coup against President Gamsakhurdia in December 1991. After Gamsakhurdia's fall in January 1992, Kobalia led resistance to the forces loyal to the new regime led, since March 1992, by Eduard Shevardnadze in the western Georgian province of Mingrelia, Gamsakhurdia's principal powerbase. During the War in Abkhazia (1992–93), War in Abkhazia in 1993, Kobalia's force joined the government troops in fighting the Abkhaz people, Abkhaz separatists and their allies from Russia at some point. As the government forces’ defeat in Abkhazia was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Troops Of Georgia
The Internal Troops of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს შინაგანი ჯარები, ''sak'art'velos shinagani jarebi'', ) was the militarized gendarmerie-like force in Georgia from 1991 to 2004. It was subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the police authority of the country. History The Internal Troops of Georgia were formed on 12 September 1991, five months after the nation's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union. They descended from the Soviet Union's Internal Troops. They were tasked with aiding the Ministry of Internal Affairs in security measures, fighting against organized crime, terrorism, and subversion, as well as safeguarding—independently or with other law enforcement agencies—important facilities and special cargoes, and, finally, with participating in the country's defense during wartime. The Internal Troops were staffed primarily through conscription but were also partially contract-based. The Internal Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgian Armed Forces
The Defence Forces of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს თავდაცვის ძალები, tr), or Georgian Defence Forces (GDF), are the combined military forces of Georgia, tasked with the defence of the nation's independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. They consist of the Land Force, Air Force, National Guard, and Special Operations Forces. The Defence Forces are under overall leadership of the Minister of Defence of Georgia and directly headed by the Chief of Defence Forces. The first regular military was established in the first Georgian Republic in 1918 and was in existence until after the republic's overthrow by the invading Soviet Russian forces in 1921. The modern Georgian military were founded in accordance with the government decree of 24 April 1991. 30 April, the day when the first conscripts were called up for military service in 1991, has been celebrated as the day of the Georgian military forces. The Georgian military ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Council Of Georgia
State Council of the Republic of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს რესპუბლიკის სახელმწიფო საბჭო, tr) was a temporary supreme governing body of the country, which was established in 1992 after the self-liquidation of the Military Council of the Republic of Georgia. History In 1992, the first president of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, was overthrown by insurgents through a military coup. The rebels formed a temporary structure, a military council, and established an authoritarian and military regime in the country. On January 5, Eduard Shevardnadze Eduard Ambrosis dze Shevardnadze ( ka, ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Soviet and Georgian politician and diplomat who governed Georgia (country), Georgi ... offered to help the country. He arrived in Georgia on March 7, 1992. It was at this time that the temporary structure of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Council (Georgia)
The Military Council of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს რესპუბლიკის სამხედრო საბჭო, tr) was the ruling military junta of the Cabinet of Georgia, Government of Georgia which was established on January 2, 1992, during the 1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état, coup d'état in Republic of Georgia (1990–1992), Republic of Georgia. It was an unconstitutional body that served as the leadership of the country to just over 2 months. The council announced the overthrow of President of Georgia, President Zviad Gamsakhurdia and served as the collective head of state from January 6, 1992, until March 10 of that year, when the military council was replaced by the State Council of the Republic of Georgia, State Council led by Eduard Shevardnadze. The full composition of the Military Council was never published, with all orders and resolutions being signed by Tengiz Kitovani and Jaba Ioseliani on behalf of the council. Background ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Washington Post
''The Washington Post'', locally known as ''The'' ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'' or ''WP'', is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital. It is the most widely circulated newspaper in the Washington metropolitan area and has a national audience. As of 2023, the ''Post'' had 130,000 print subscribers and 2.5 million digital subscribers, both of which were the List of newspapers in the United States, third-largest among U.S. newspapers after ''The New York Times'' and ''The Wall Street Journal''. The ''Post'' was founded in 1877. In its early years, it went through several owners and struggled both financially and editorially. In 1933, financier Eugene Meyer (financier), Eugene Meyer purchased it out of bankruptcy and revived its health and reputation; this work was continued by his successors Katharine Graham, Katharine and Phil Graham, Meyer's daughter and son-in-law, respectively, who bought out several rival publications. The ''Post ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
