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Geobacter
''Geobacter'' is a genus of bacteria. ''Geobacter'' species use anaerobic respiration to alter the redox state of minerals and many pollutants, a trait that makes them useful in bioremediation. ''Geobacter'' was the first organism described with the ability to completely oxidize organic compounds to carbon dioxide, and transfer these electrons to metals such as Fe(III), Mn(IV), and U(VI). ''Geobacter'' species are also found to be able to transfer electrons to conductive surfaces such as graphite electrodes. They are found in anaerobic habitats including wetlands, subsurface aquifers, soils, and aquatic sediment. History '' Geobacter metallireducens'' was first isolated by Derek R Lovley in 1987 in sand sediment from the Potomac River in Washington D.C. The first strain was deemed strain GS-15. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geobacter Metallireducens
''Geobacter metallireducens'' is a gram-negative Reducing agent, metal-reducing proteobacterium. It is a strict anaerobe that oxidizes several short-chain fatty acids, Alcohol (chemistry), alcohols, and aromatic, monoaromatic compounds with Iron, Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor. It can also use uranium for its growth and convert U(VI) to U(IV). ''Geobacter metallireducens'' was discovered by Derek Lovley at University of Massachusetts Amherst, UMass Amherst in 1993. It is an iron-reducing bacteria and it has been thought that the microbe could be used to treat industrial sites where "cyanide-metal complexes" have formed to contaminate the site. The genome of ''Geobacter metallireducens'' has a Chromosome, chromosome length of 3,997,420 bp. It has a circular bacterial chromosome, meaning there are no free ends of DNA. The shape is roughly like that of an egg. ''Geobacter metallireducens'' also has a GC-content, GC content of 59.51%. The plasmid has a lower GC-content, GC c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geobacter Metallireducens
''Geobacter metallireducens'' is a gram-negative metal-reducing proteobacterium. It is a strict anaerobe that oxidizes several short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, and monoaromatic compounds with Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor. It can also use uranium for its growth and convert U(VI) to U(IV). ''Geobacter metallireducens'' was discovered by Derek Lovley at UMass Amherst in 1993. It is an iron-reducing bacteria and it has been thought that the microbe could be used to treat industrial sites where "cyanide-metal complexes" have formed to contaminate the site. The genome of ''Geobacter metallireducens'' has a chromosome length of 3,997,420 bp. It has a circular bacterial chromosome, meaning there are no free ends of DNA. The shape is roughly like that of an egg. ''Geobacter metallireducens'' also has a GC content of 59.51%. The plasmid has a lower GC content, of 52.48%, and is 13,762 bp in length. The plasmid encodes a stabilizing protein, RelE/ParE, which allows ''Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geobacter Sulfurreducens
''Geobacter sulfurreducens'' is a gram-negative metal- and sulphur-reducing proteobacterium. It is rod-shaped, aerotolerant anaerobe, non-fermentative, has flagellum and type four pili, and is closely related to '' Geobacter metallireducens''. ''Geobacter sulfurreducens'' is an anaerobic species of bacteria that comes from the family of bacteria called Geobacteraceae. Under the genus of Geobacter, ''G. sulfurreducens'' is one out of twenty different species. The Geobacter genus was discovered by Derek R. Lovley in 1987. ''G. sulfurreducens'' was first isolated in Norman, Oklahoma, USA from materials found around the surface of a contaminated ditch. Characteristics ''Geobacter sulfurreducens'' is a rod-shaped microbe with a gram-negative cell wall. Geobacter is known as a type of bacteria that is able to conduct levels of electricity, and the species ''G. sulfurreducens'' is also known as “electricigens” due to their ability to create an electric current and produce elect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geobacter Uraniireducens
''Geobacter uraniireducens'' (more recently known as ''Geotalea uraniireducens'') is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobicchemolithotrophic mesophilic, and motile bacterium from the genus of ''Geobacter''. G. ''uraniireducens'' has been found to reduce iron and uranium in sediment and soil. It is being studied for use in bioremediation projects due to its ability to reduce uranium and arsenic. History ''Geobacter uraniireducens'' was isolated from the subsurface sediment of a previous uranium ore processing facility undergoing uranium bioremediation in 2002. This occurred during a field study by Robert Anderson and his associates at the Old Rifle in situ test plot area in Rifle, Colorado. Shelobolina et al. (2008) further described the strain Rf4T While ''Geobacter uraniireducens'' is the basonym, David Waite and associates reclassified it to the current preferred name, ''Geotalea uraniireducens'' in their 2020 paper. Characteristics ''G. uraniireducens'' are gram negative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geobacter Anodireducens
''Geobacter anodireducens'' is a Gram-negative, aerotolerant, exoelectrogenic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of ''Geobacter'' Like others in its genus, it is commonly found in soil and uses iron as its electron acceptor. Due to its ability to generate current, it is an organism of note for Microbial fuel cell research. ''G. anodireducens'' was first isolated in 2014, and characterized in 2019, both by Dan Sun. Characteristics ''G. anodireducens'' is curved bacillus, most easily distinguished from its cousins Geobacter metallireducens and Geobacter sulfurreducens ''Geobacter sulfurreducens'' is a gram-negative metal- and sulphur-reducing proteobacterium. It is rod-shaped, aerotolerant anaerobe, non-fermentative, has flagellum and type four pili, and is closely related to '' Geobacter metallireducens''. ... by its osmotolerance: it is able to withstand nearly twice the salt concentration in solution. Genome The genome of ''G. anodiredu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterial Nanowires
Bacterial nanowires (also known as microbial nanowires) are electrically conductive appendages produced by a number of bacteria most notably from the ''Geobacter'' and '' Shewanella'' genera. Conductive nanowires have also been reported in the oxygenic cyanobacterium ''Synechocystis'' PCC6803 and a thermophilic, methanogenic coculture consisting of '' Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum'' and '' Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus'', but the identity of these proteins remains unknown. From physiological and functional perspectives, bacterial nanowires are diverse. The precise role microbial nanowires play in their biological systems has not been fully realized, but several proposed functions exist. Outside of a naturally occurring environment, bacterial nanowires have shown potential to be useful in several fields, notably the bioenergy and bioremediation industries. Physiology ''Geobacter'' nanowires were originally thought to be modified pili, which are used to establish connec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geobacter Argillaceus
''Geobacter argillaceus'' is a non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus ''Geobacter ''Geobacter'' is a genus of bacteria. ''Geobacter'' species use anaerobic respiration to alter the redox state of minerals and many pollutants, a trait that makes them useful in bioremediation. ''Geobacter'' was the first organism described wit ...'' which has been isolated from kaolin clay. References Bacteria described in 2007 Thermodesulfobacteriota {{Bacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geobacter Thiogenes
''Geobacter thiogenes'' is a bacterium from the genus ''Geobacter ''Geobacter'' is a genus of bacteria. ''Geobacter'' species use anaerobic respiration to alter the redox state of minerals and many pollutants, a trait that makes them useful in bioremediation. ''Geobacter'' was the first organism described wit ...''. References Bacteria described in 2001 Thermodesulfobacteriota {{Bacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geobacter Psychrophilus
''Geobacter psychrophilus'' is a Fe(III)-reducing bacterium. It is Gram-negative, slightly curved, rod-shaped and motile via means of monotrichous flagella A flagellum (; : flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hair-like appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores ( zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many pr .... Its type strain is P35T (=ATCC BAA-1013T =DSM 16674T =JCM 12644T). References Further reading * * * External links *Type strain of ''Geobacter psychrophilus'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Bacteria described in 2005 Thermodesulfobacteriota {{Bacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geobacter Lovleyi
''Geobacter lovleyi'' is a gram-negative metal-reducing and tetrachloroethene- dechlorinating proteobacterium. It has potential as a bioremediation Bioremediation broadly refers to any process wherein a biological system (typically bacteria, microalgae, fungi in mycoremediation, and plants in phytoremediation), living or dead, is employed for removing environmental pollutants from air, wate ... organism, and is actively researched as such. References Further reading *Amos, Benjamin K., et al. "Detection and quantification of ''Geobacter lovleyi'' strain SZ: implications for bioremediation at tetrachloroethene-and uranium-impacted sites." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73.21 (2007): 6898–6904. * External links *LPSN [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uranium
Uranium is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-grey metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium radioactive decay, radioactively decays, usually by emitting an alpha particle. The half-life of this decay varies between 159,200 and 4.5 billion years for different isotopes of uranium, isotopes, making them useful for dating the age of the Earth. The most common isotopes in natural uranium are uranium-238 (which has 146 neutrons and accounts for over 99% of uranium on Earth) and uranium-235 (which has 143 neutrons). Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordial nuclide, primordially occurring elements. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. It occurs naturally in low concentrations of a few Parts-per notation#Parts-per expressions, parts per million in soil, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2). Although oxygen is not the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain. In aerobic organisms undergoing respiration, electrons are shuttled to an electron transport chain, and the final electron acceptor is oxygen. Molecular oxygen is an excellent electron acceptor. Anaerobes instead use less-oxidizing substances such as nitrate (), fumarate (), sulfate (), or elemental sulfur (S). These terminal electron acceptors have smaller reduction potentials than O2. Less energy per oxidized molecule is released. Therefore, anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic. As compared with fermentation Anaerobic cellular respiration and fermentation generate ATP in very different ways, and the terms should not be treated as synonyms. Cellular respiration (both aerobic and anaerobic) uses highly reduced chemical compounds such as NADH and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
