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General Confederation Of Labour (France)
The General Confederation of Labour (, , CGT) is a national trade union center, founded in 1895 in the city of Limoges. It is the first of the five major French confederations of trade unions. It is the largest in terms of votes in the Labour Court elections (34.0% in the 2008 election), and second largest in terms of membership numbers. Its membership decreased to 650,000 members in 1995–96 (it had more than doubled when François Mitterrand was elected president in 1981), before increasing today to between 700,000 and 720,000 members, slightly fewer than the Confédération Française Démocratique du Travail (CFDT). According to the historian M. Dreyfus, the direction of the CGT is slowly evolving, since the 1990s, during which it cut all organic links with the French Communist Party (PCF), in favour of a more moderate stance. The CGT is concentrating its attention, in particular since the 1995 general strikes, to trade-unionism in the private sector. History The CGT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ITUC
The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC; ; ; ) is the world's largest trade union federation. History The federation was formed on 1 November 2006 out of the merger of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) and the World Confederation of Labour (WCL). The Founding Congress of the ITUC was held in Vienna and was preceded by the dissolution congresses of both the ICFTU and the WCL. The ITUC has three main regional organizations: the ITUC-Asia Pacific, Asia-Pacific Regional Organization, the Trade Union Confederation of the Americas, and the ITUC-Africa, African Regional Organisation. The Trade Union Development Cooperation Network (TUDCN) is an initiative of the ITUC whose main objective is to bring the trade union perspective into international development policy debates and improve the coordination and effectiveness of trade union development cooperation activities. The ITUC represents 207 million workers through its 331 affiliated organizatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fédération Des Bourses Du Travail
The Bourse du Travail (French for "labour exchanges"), a French form of the labour council, were working class organizations that encouraged mutual aid, education, and self-organization amongst their members in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Role Labour Early Third Republic France was a time of dramatic social and economic change. With the tremendous growth of industrial capitalism in the last twenty years of the 19th century and the continued migration of workers to cities, the traditional system of meeting places for those seeking work was overtaxed. Skilled and unskilled trades alike had gradually developed systems to match those seeking work with employers, but the legalisation of trades unions in 1884, helped formalise these structures. Employers, too, were creating private labour placement offices. The Republican government of Gambetta relied upon the support of working class voters, and so helped create the first Bourses du Travail under the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2024 French Legislative Election
Legislative elections in France, Legislative elections were held in France on 30 June and 7 July 2024 (and one day earlier for some voters outside of metropolitan France) to elect all 577 Deputy (France), members of the 17th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, 17th National Assembly (France), National Assembly of the Fifth French Republic. The election followed the Dissolution of parliament#France, dissolution of the National Assembly by President Emmanuel Macron, triggering a snap election after the National Rally (RN) made substantial gains and Macron's ''Besoin d'Europe'' Party-list proportional representation, electoral list lost a significant number of seats in the 2024 European Parliament election in France, 2024 European Parliament election. In the first round of the election, the National Rally and candidates jointly backed by Éric Ciotti of The Republicans (France), The Republicans (LR) led with 33.21% of the vote, followed by the parties of the New Popular Fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Popular Front
The New Popular Front ( , NFP) is a broad Left-wing politics, left-wing electoral alliance with centre-left politics, centre-left and far-left politics, far-left factions in France. It was launched on 10 June 2024 to contest the 2024 French legislative election following the gains of History of far-right movements in France, far-right parties in the 2024 European Parliament election in France, 2024 European Parliament election. The Front stood in opposition to both Ensemble (political coalition), Ensemble, the presidential camp of Emmanuel Macron, as well as the far-right National Rally. The Front is an alliance of La France Insoumise, the Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party, the Ecologist Pole, the French Communist Party, Génération.s, Génération·s, the Republican and Socialist Left, the New Anticapitalist Party, and other Centre-left politics, centre-left and left-wing political parties, comprising the majority of French Left#Left-wing political parties, left-wing p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France24
France 24 ( in French) is a French state-owned publicly funded international news television network based in Paris. Its channels, broadcast in French, English, Arabic and Spanish, are aimed at the overseas market. Based in the Paris suburb of Issy-les-Moulineaux, the service started on 6 December 2006. It is aimed at a worldwide market and is generally broadcast by pay television providers around the world, but additionally, in 2010, France 24 began broadcasting online through its own iPhone and Android apps. It is a provider of live streaming world news which can be viewed via its website, YouTube, and various mobile devices and digital media players. The stated mission of the channels is to "provide a global public service and a common editorial stance". Since 2008 the channel has been wholly owned by the French government, via its holding company France Médias Monde, having bought out the minority share of the former partners: Groupe TF1 and France Télévisions. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 French Pension Reform Bill
In 2023, a law was passed in France that raises the retirement age from 62 to 64 with a requirement that the retiree has worked at least 43 years. Its provisions, which sparked strikes, were highly controversial, as was Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne's invocation of Article 49.3 of the French Constitution, allowing a draft law to pass without a vote unless the Assembly adopts a motion of no confidence within a set time. Two such motions were filed within the required timeframe, and both of them were voted down on 20 March. The law was to deal with a pension system budget deficit projected to reach €13.5 billion per year by 2030. History On 30 January, the bill was introduced to the National Assembly. In February, the Assembly debated the measure. On 14 February, Article 2 of the draft law was rejected by the Assembly by a vote of 203 to 256. On 17 February, Borne invoked Article 47-1 of the Constitution. Said Article states that if the National Assembly has not considere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protest
A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration, or remonstrance) is a public act of objection, disapproval or dissent against political advantage. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share the potential costs and risks of doing so. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass political demonstrations. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy, or they may undertake direct action in an attempt to enact desired changes themselves. When protests are part of a systematic and peaceful nonviolent campaign to achieve a particular objective, and involve the use of pressure as well as persuasion, they go beyond mere protest and may be better described as civil resistance or nonviolent resistance. Various forms of self-expression and protest are sometimes restricted by governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strike Action
Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike in British English, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to Working class, work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became common during the Industrial Revolution, when Labour economics, mass labor became important in factories and mines. As striking became a more common practice, governments were often pushed to act (either by private business or by union workers). When government intervention occurred, it was rarely neutral or amicable. Early strikes were often deemed unlawful conspiracies or anti-competitive cartel action and many were subject to massive legal repression by state police, federal military power, and federal courts. Many Western nations legalized striking under certain conditions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Strikes are sometimes used to pressure governments to change policies. Occasionally, strikes destabilize the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 French Pension Reform Strikes
A series of protests began in France on 19 January 2023 with a demonstration of over one million people nationwide, organised by opponents of the 2023 French pension reform law, pension reform bill proposed by the Borne government to increase the retirement age from 62 to 64. The strikes led to widespread disruption, including garbage piling up in the streets and public transport cancellations. In March, the government used Article 49 of the French Constitution#Commitment of responsibility on a bill (49.3), Article 49.3 of the Constitution to force the bill through the French Parliament, sparking more protests and March 2023 votes of no confidence in the government of Élisabeth Borne, two failed no confidence votes, contributing to an increase in violence in protests alongside the union-organised strike action. Several organizations, including human rights groups such as Reporters Without Borders and Human Rights League (France), France's Human Rights League condemned France's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earth Strike
Earth Strike is an international grassroots movement calling for a global general strike for climate action. Their aim was a global general strike on 27 September 2019. The Earth Strikes were part of the worldwide September 2019 climate strikes, which gathered millions of protesters. The movement has had public support from organizations including Extinction Rebellion and Fridays for Future, as well as public figures including Noam Chomsky. History Foundation Earth Strike was founded on 10 November 2018 after a user on the subreddit r/Chomsky called for a "General Strike to Save The Planet". The post quickly gathered attention within Reddit, and the r/EarthStrike subreddit was formed to organise a general strike. The initial protests were held on 15 January 2019, with 27 September being announced as the date for the "Earth Strike". General strikes in Iceland in 1975 and India in 2019 were cited as inspirations. Days of action * 19 July 2019 - Youth Strike for Cli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippe Martinez (trade Unionist)
Philippe Martinez (born 1 April 1961) is a French trade unionist. He was the general secretary of the General Confederation of Labour (CGT) from 2015 to 2023. Biography Early life His father, born at in France, fought in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Philippe Martinez's mother comes from Santander in northern Spain. Philippe Martinez attended school in Rueil-Malmaison, west of Paris. He engaged into politics as a high school student, first joining the Young Communist Movement and later the French Communist Party. Professional career A technician in the metalworking industry, he worked for the Renault factory of Boulogne-Billancourt from 1982, before he was transferred to the Center for Motor Research at Rueil-Malmaison. A union member since 1984, he became the CGT central union delegate at Renault. He left the French Communist Party in 2002 since he disagreed with Robert Hue who wanted to disestablish the Party's sections inside the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Viannet
Louis Viannet (4 March 1933 – 22 October 2017) was a French trade union leader. Born in Vienne, Isère, Viannet began training as a controller for the Postes, Télégraphes et Téléphones (PTT). During the strikes of 1953, he was inspired to join the General Confederation of Labour (CGT). He completed his training, and his compulsory military service, then returned to work for the PTT in Lyon. In 1962, he was elected as secretary of his local union of PTT workers, then in 1967, began working full-time for the National Federation of PTT Workers. He was elected as deputy general secretary of the union in 1972, also winning a place on the executive of the CGT, then as general secretary in 1979. In 1982, Viannet began working full-time in the CGT office, as director of ''La Vie Ouvrière'', the federation's weekly newspaper. He was also elected to the bureau of the French Communist Party (PCF). Within the party, he was regarded as an orthodox figure, whereas the fede ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
