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Ganjifa
Ganjifa, Ganjapa or Gânjaphâ, is a card game and type of playing cards that are most associated with Persia and India. After Ganjifa cards fell out of use in Iran before the twentieth century, India became the last country to produce them.At the start of the 21st Century production in India was still ongoing in the town of Sawantvadi in the west, and Odisha in the east for example. See Abram (2003: 53) and Crestin-Billet (2002: 189). The form prevalent in Odisha is Ganjapa. Description Ganjifa cards are circular or rectangular, and traditionally hand-painted by artisans. The game became popular at the Mughal Empire, Mughal court, and lavish sets were made, from materials such as precious stone-inlaid ivory or tortoise shell (''darbar kalam''). The game later spread to the general public, whereupon cheaper sets (''bazâr kalam'') would be made from materials such as wood, palm tree, palm leaf, stiffened cloth or pasteboard. Typically Ganjifa cards have coloured backgrounds, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganjapa
Gånjåpā () are the traditional playing cards from the Indian state Odisha. It can also refer to the trick-taking game, trick-taking card game that they are used for. It is played with circular shaped Pattachitra painted cards. Originated in the 16th century, Ganjaku is a recreational game for male members of the Odia people, Odia society, primarily villagers, kings and their courtmen. Ganjapa is played as "''Chārirångi''" (cards of 4 colors), "''Āṭhårångi''" (cards of 8 colors), "''Dåsårångi''" (cards of 10 colors), "''Bārårångi''" (cards of 12 colors), "''Chåudårångi''" (cards of 14 colors) and "''Sohåḷårångi''" (cards of 16 colors). The variation of this game influenced by Persian card game Ganjifa, Ganjifeh is known as "Mughal Ganjifa". The game is popular in Puri district, Puri and Ganjam district of Odisha. As a result of the relative isolation of Odisha in the past, Ganjapa developed very differently from the Ganjifa found in the rest of India. Odisha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vizier
A vizier (; ; ) is a high-ranking political advisor or Minister (government), minister in the Near East. The Abbasids, Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called ''katib'' (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the ''dapir'' (official scribe or secretary) of the Sasanian Empire, Sassanian kings. In modern usage, the term has been used for government Minister (government), ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as ''vizir'', ''wazir'', and ''vezir''. Etymology Vizier may be derived from the Arabic ''wazara'' (), from the Semitic root ''W-Z-R''. The word is mentioned in the Quran, where Aaron is described as the ''wazir'' (helper) of Moses, as well as the word ''wizr'' (burden) which is also derived from the same root. It was later adopted as a title, in the form of ''wazīr āl Muḥammad'' () by the proto-Shi'a leaders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Playing Card
A playing card is a piece of specially prepared card stock, heavy paper, thin cardboard, plastic-coated paper, cotton-paper blend, or thin plastic that is marked with distinguishing motifs. Often the front (face) and back of each card has a finish to make handling easier. They are most commonly used for playing card games, and are also used in magic tricks, cardistry, card throwing, and card houses; cards may also be collected. Playing cards are typically palm-sized for convenient handling, and usually are sold together in a set as a deck of cards or pack of cards. The most common type of playing card in the West is the French-suited, standard 52-card pack, of which the most widespread design is the English pattern, followed by the Belgian-Genoese pattern. However, many countries use other, traditional types of playing card, including those that are German, Italian, Spanish and Swiss-suited. Tarot cards (also known locally as ''Tarocks'' or ''tarocchi'') are an ol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Houtum-Schindler
General Sir Albert Houtum-Schindler (born 24 September 1846, the Netherlands or Germany; died 15 June 1916, Fenstanton, England) was a scholar of Persia and an employee of the Persian government. Career Educated in engineering at Leipzig University, Houtum-Schindler was recruited to Persia in 1868 by the Indo-European Telegraph Service.Houtum-Schindler L. in: Eight years later he became an inspector-general of the Persian telegraph service, and acquired the honorary rank of general in the Persian army. In 1882 he became the managing director of Khorasan's turquoise mines, and in 1889 became the inspector of branches for the Imperial Bank, as well as inspector-general of mines for the Persian Bank Mining Rights Corporation. However, he was dismissed in 1894 after this failed, which was deemed due to his management. By 1896 Houtum-Schindler had become Director of the Foreign Office Control Department and acted as adviser to the Persian Government on numerous topics. From 1902 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King (playing Card)
The king is a playing card with a picture of a king displayed on it. The king is usually the highest-ranking face card. In the French version of playing cards and tarot decks, the king immediately outranks the queen. In Italian and Spanish playing cards, the king immediately outranks the knight. In German and Swiss playing cards, the king immediately outranks the '' Ober''. In some games, the king is the highest-ranked card; in others, the Ace is higher. Aces began outranking kings around 1500 with Trappola being the earliest known game in which the aces were highest in all four suits. In the ace–ten family of games such as pinochle and Schnapsen, both the ace and the 10 rank higher than the king. History The king card is the oldest and most universal court card. It most likely originated in Persian Ganjifeh where kings are depicted as seated on thrones and outranking the viceroy cards which are mounted on horses. Playing cards were transmitted to Italy and Spain via ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations averag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carsten Niebuhr
Carsten Niebuhr, or Karsten Niebuhr (17 March 1733 Cuxhaven, Lüdingworth – 26 April 1815 Meldorf, Dithmarschen), was a German mathematician, Cartography, cartographer, and Geographical exploration, explorer in the service of Denmark-Norway. He is renowned for his participation in the Danish Arabia expedition (1761–1767), Danish Arabia expedition (1761-1767). He was the father of the Danish-German statesman and historian Barthold Georg Niebuhr, who published an account of his father's life in 1817. Early life and education Niebuhr was born in Lüdingworth (now a part of Cuxhaven, Lower Saxony) in what was then Bremen-Verden. His father Barthold Niebuhr (1704-1749) was a successful farmer and owned his own property. Carsten and his sister were educated at home by a local school teacher, then he attended the Latin School in Otterndorf, near Cuxhaven. Originally Niebuhr had intended to become a Surveying, surveyor, but in 1757 he went to the ''Georgia Augusta'' University of G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Ludwig Burckhardt
Johann Ludwig (also known as John Lewis, Jean Louis) Burckhardt (24 November 1784 – 15 October 1817) was a Swiss traveller, geographer and Orientalist. Burckhardt assumed the alias ''Sheikh Ibrahim Ibn Abdallah'' during his travels in Arabia. He wrote his letters in French and signed '' Louis''. He is best known for rediscovering two of the world's most famous examples of rock-cut architecture – the ruins of the ancient Nabataean city of Petra in Jordan and the temples of Abu Simbel in Egypt. Youth and early travels Burckhardt was born on 24 November 1784 in Lausanne, Switzerland to a wealthy Basel family of silk merchants, the Burckhardt family. His father was named Rudolf, son of Gedeon Burckhardt, an affluent silk ribbon manufacturer; his mother, Sara Rohner, was Rudolf's second wife following a brief marriage to the daughter of the mayor of Basel which ended in divorce. After studying at the universities of Leipzig and Göttingen, he travelled to England in the summer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ten Playing Cards (Ganjifa) LACMA M
Ten, TEN or 10 may refer to: * 10, an even natural number following 9 and preceding 11 * one of the years 10 BC, AD 10, 1910, 2010, 2110 * October, the tenth month of the year Places * Mount Ten, in Vietnam * Tongren Fenghuang Airport (IATA code), China * TEN Atlantic City, Casino hotel resort in New Jersey Transportation * 10 (Los Angeles Railway), two streetcar lines in Los Angeles, California * Line 10 (other), various metro lines * Tatra 10, an Edwardian era automobile * Rover 10, a small family car * Sunbeam-Talbot Ten, originally Talbot Ten, a compact executive car * ARO 10, also known as the Dacia 10, an off-road vehicle People and characters * Tussenvoegsel prefix in Dutch surnames * Denis Ten (1993–2018), Kazakhstani competitive figure skater and Olympic bronze medalist * Jeremy Ten (born 1989), Canadian competitive figure skater * Sergey Ten (born 1976), Russian politician * Vicente Ten (born 1966), Spanish politician * Ten Miyagi (born 2001), Japanese f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Playing Cards
French-suited playing cards or French-suited cards are playing cards, cards that use the French Playing card suit, suits of (clovers or clubs ), (tiles or diamonds ), (hearts ), and (pikes or spades ). Each suit contains three or four face cards, face/court cards. In a standard 52-card deck these are the (jack (playing card), knave or jack), the (queen (playing card), lady or queen), and the (king (playing card), king). In addition, in Tarot packs, there is a (Knight (playing card), knight) ranking between the queen and the jack. Aside from these aspects, decks can include a wide variety of regional and national patterns, which often have stripped deck, different deck sizes. In comparison to Spanish playing cards, Spanish, Italian playing cards, Italian, German playing cards, German, and Swiss playing cards, French cards are the most widespread due to the geopolitical, commercial, and cultural influence of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Andrew Chatto
William Andrew Chatto (1799–1864) was an English writer. He used the pseudonym Stephen Oliver (Junior). Life The only son of William Chatto, a merchant who died at Gibraltar in 1804, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne on 17 April 1799. After education at a grammar school in the north, he went into business, and around 1830 acquired the firm of his cousin, a wholesale tea-dealer, in Eastcheap, London. In 1834 he gave up business to write. Also in this year, he acquired, probably from the Atkinson family, the Henry Atkinson manuscript, an important early source of violin music, dating from the 1690s, and written in or near Newcastle. He was editor in 1839–41 of the '' New Sporting Magazine'', and in 1844 projected a penny daily comic illustrated paper entitled ''Puck, a journalette of Fun'' (see also Penny press). For this paper, which he edited himself, he secured the services of contributors including Tom Taylor, but it had only a brief existence. In 1839, Chatto was elected an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
