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Gallus, Bishop Of Transylvania
Gallus ( hu, Gál; died 1269 or 1270) was a Hungarian prelate in the 13th century, who served as the Bishop of Transylvania from 1246 until his death. He made serious efforts to repopulate his diocese after the First Mongol invasion of Hungary. Election It is possible he is identical with that namesake cleric, who functioned as guardian (''custos'') of the collegiate chapter of Székesfehérvár from 1243 to 1244. During his election, Gallus held the title of provost, but it is not known which cathedral or collegiate chapter he was the head of. His predecessor Artolf was transferred to the Diocese of Győr in the autumn of 1245. A royal charter refers to the Diocese of Transylvania as ''sede vacante'' (episcopal vacancy) on 12 December 1245. Gallus was elected as bishop by the cathedral chapter of Transylvania sometime in late 1245 or the early months of 1246. His name first appears in contemporary records in May 1246. Since the Mongol invasion of 1241–1242, the office was virtu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Archdiocese Of Alba Iulia
:''There is also a Romanian Orthodox Archbishop of Alba Iulia and a Greek Catholic Archdiocese of Făgăraş and Alba Iulia.'' The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Alba Iulia ( hu, Gyulafehérvári Római Katolikus Érsekség) is a Latin Church Catholic archdiocese in Transylvania, Romania. History It was established as a bishopric, the diocese of Transylvania also called Erdély (in Hungarian), or Karlsburg alias Siebenbürgen (in German), in 1009 by King Stephen I of Hungary and was renamed as the diocese of Alba Iulia on 22March 1932. It was raised to the rank of an archdiocese by Pope John Paul II on 5August 1991. It is exempt, i.e. directly subordinate to the Vatican, while the other Romanian dioceses form the Ecclesiastical Province of Bucharest. Bishops Ordinaries ;Bishops *Baranus (1139) *Paul (1181) *Adrian (1192–1201) * Artolf (1244–1245) * Peter Monoszló (1270–1307) *Benedict (1309–1319) *Demetrius (1368–1376) * János Statileo (1534–1542) * Pál Bornem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doboka County
Doboka County was a county in Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the ... between the 11th or 12th century and 1876. {{coord missing, Hungary Kingdom of Hungary counties in Transylvania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulcsú Lád
Bulcsú from the kindred Lád ( hu, Lád nembeli Bulcsú, also known as Blaise or Basil; died after 1254) was a Hungarian Catholic prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Csanád between 1229 and 1254. Prior to that he functioned as Provost of Győr from 1221 to 1229. He was chancellor in the royal court of King Andrew II of Hungary between 1228 and 1229. Name Bulcsú (Bölcs) is referred by various name formats in contemporary records, for instance, ''Bulch'', ''Bulchi'', ''Bulchu'', ''Bulchv'', ''Bulsu'', ''Bulzo'' or ''Wulshw''. His name also appears as Blaise (''Blasius'') and Basil (also Vazul, ''Basilius''), mostly in post-Mongol invasion sources. In addition, there is also a single mention of Bulcsú as "Benedict", an obvious typographical error. Because of the different name variants, several historians – including János Karácsonyi and Kálmán Juhász – distinguished the prelates Bulcsú and Blaise (Basil) from each other, considering the latter succee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benedict II, Archbishop Of Esztergom
Benedict ( hu, Benedek; died after July 1261) was a Hungarian prelate in the 13th century, who served as Archbishop of Kalocsa from 1241 to 1254, and as Archbishop of Esztergom from 1253 to 1261. As one of the most influential prelates following the Mongol invasion of Hungary, he held the office of royal chancellor for two decades, from 1240 until his death. Early career His origin is uncertain, but he was definitely born into a wealthy noble family, as one of his relatives was a certain ''comes'' Peter. In contemporary records, his name is referred to with the honorary title of "''magister''", demonstrating his education and skills in science. He first appears as vice-chancellor and provost of Buda in January 1238, holding both positions until 18 June 1240. His "friend", Bartholomew, Bishop of Veszprém ceded certain tithe to the provostry of Buda. On 25 June 1240, he is already styled as royal chancellor. He functioned in this capacity for more than two decades until his deat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Innocent IV
Pope Innocent IV ( la, Innocentius IV; – 7 December 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254. Fieschi was born in Genoa and studied at the universities of Parma and Bologna. He was considered in his own day and by posterity as a fine canonist. On the strength of this reputation, he was called to the Roman Curia by Pope Honorius III. Pope Gregory IX made him a cardinal and appointed him governor of the March of Ancona in 1235. Fieschi was elected pope in 1243 and took the name Innocent IV. As pope, he inherited an ongoing dispute over lands seized by the Holy Roman Emperor, and the following year he traveled to France to escape imperial plots against him in Rome. He returned to Rome after the death in 1250 of the Emperor Frederick II. Early life Born in Genoa (although some sources say Manarola) in an unknown year, Sinibaldo was the son of Beatrice Grillo and Ugo Fieschi, Count of L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy See
The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome, which has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the Catholic Church and the sovereign city-state known as the Vatican City. According to Catholic tradition it was founded in the first century by Saints Peter and Paul and, by virtue of Petrine and papal primacy, is the focal point of full communion for Catholic Christians around the world. As a sovereign entity, the Holy See is headquartered in, operates from, and exercises "exclusive dominion" over the independent Vatican City State enclave in Rome, of which the pope is sovereign. The Holy See is administered by the Roman Curia (Latin for "Roman Court"), which is the central government of the Catholic Church. The Roman Curia includes various dicasteries, comparable to ministries and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Urban IV
Pope Urban IV ( la, Urbanus IV; c. 1195 – 2 October 1264), born Jacques Pantaléon, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 August 1261 to his death. He was not a cardinal; only a few popes since his time have not been cardinals, including Gregory X, Urban V and Urban VI. Early career Pantaléon was the son of a cobbler of Troyes, France. He studied theology and common law in Paris and was appointed a canon of Laon and later Archdeacon of Liège. At the First Council of Lyon (1245) he attracted the attention of Pope Innocent IV, who sent him on two missions in Germany. One of the missions was to negotiate the Treaty of Christburg between the pagan Prussians and the Teutonic Knights. He became Bishop of Verdun in 1253. In 1255, Pope Alexander IV made him Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem. Pantaléon had returned from Jerusalem, which was in dire straits, and was at Viterbo seeking help for the oppressed Christians in the East when Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benefice
A benefice () or living is a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services. The Roman Empire used the Latin term as a benefit to an individual from the Empire for services rendered. Its use was adopted by the Western Church in the Carolingian Era as a benefit bestowed by the crown or church officials. A benefice specifically from a church is called a precaria (pl. ''precariae)'', such as a stipend, and one from a monarch or nobleman is usually called a fief. A benefice is distinct from an allod, in that an allod is property owned outright, not bestowed by a higher authority. Roman Catholic Church Roman imperial origins In ancient Rome a ''benefice'' was a gift of land (precaria) for life as a reward for services rendered, originally, to the state. The word comes from the Latin noun ''beneficium'', meaning "benefit". Carolingian Era In the 8th century, using their position as Mayor of the Palace, Charles Martel, Carloman I and Pepi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Alexander IV
Pope Alexander IV (1199 or 1185 – 25 May 1261) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 December 1254 to his death in 1261. Early career He was born as Rinaldo di Jenne in Jenne (now in the Province of Rome), he was, on his mother's side, a member of the family de' Conti di Segni, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX. His uncle Gregory IX made him cardinal deacon and Protector of the Order of Franciscans in 1227, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church from 1227 until 1231 and Bishop of Ostia in 1231 (or 1232). He became Dean of the College of Cardinals in 1244 (or 1240). On the death of Pope Innocent IV in 1254 he was elected pope at Naples on 12 December 1254. Pontificate Alexander's pontificate was signaled by efforts to reunite the Eastern Orthodox churches with the Catholic Church, by the establishment of the Inquisition in France, by favours shown to the mendicant orders, and by an attempt to organize a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voivode Of Transylvania
The Voivode of Transylvania (german: Vojwode von Siebenbürgen;Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 77. hu, erdélyi vajda;Zsoldos 2011, p. 36. la, voivoda Transsylvaniae; ro, voievodul Transilvaniei) was the highest-ranking official in Transylvania within the Kingdom of Hungary from the 12th century to the 16th century. Appointed by the monarchs, the voivodesthemselves also the heads or '' ispáns'' of Fehér Countywere the superiors of the ''ispáns'' of all the other counties in the province. They had wide-ranging administrative, military and judicial powers, but their jurisdiction never covered the whole province. The Saxon and Székely communitiesorganized into their own districts or " seats" from the 13th centurywere independent of the voivodes. The kings also exempted some Transylvanian towns and villages from their authority over the centuries. Even so, the Voivodeship of Transylvania "was the largest single administrative entity"Jefferson 2012, p. 142. in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szolnok County
Szolnok County was a county in the Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephe ... between the 11th century and 1426. {{coord, 47, 15, N, 20, 30, E, display=title, region:HU_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki Kingdom of Hungary counties in Transylvania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tășnad
Tășnad (; Hungarian: ''Tasnád'', Hungarian pronunciation: ; German: ''Trestenburg'') is a town in Satu Mare County, Crișana, Romania. It administers five villages: Blaja (''Tasnádbalázsháza''), Cig (''Csög''), Rațiu (''Ráctanya''), Sărăuad (''Tasnádszarvad'') and Valea Morii (''Tasnádmalomszeg''). At about 2 km from the center lies ''Tășnad geothermal Spa'', known in Romania and abroad for its thermal waters. Demographics According to the last census from 2011 there were 8,411 people living within the city. Of this population, 51.1% are ethnic Romanians, while 36.2% are ethnic Hungarians, 11.4% ethnic Romani and 1,1% others. As of 2022, the city contains the Reformed Church, a Baptist Church, the Orthodox cathedral, a Roman Catholic church and a Greek Catholic church. Dr. Abraham Fuchs wrote a comprehensive historical book about Tășnad as it was up to World War II. The book is in Hebrew and describes the vibrant Jewish life in this small town up until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
