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Flag Of The Russian-American Company
The flag of the Russian-American Company, first adopted in 1806, consisted of a variation of the horizontal white-blue-red tricolor of the flag of Russia, but with the white stripe broader than the other two, and containing a double-headed eagle symbol of the company. The exact form and placement of the eagle was subject to variations, before Russian rule over Alaska ended in 1867. History Origins On September 28 (October 10, new style), 1806, Emperor Alexander I of Russia made a notation on the design submitted to him of a new flag for the Russian-American Company: "So be it", and added his royal cypher, cypher, thereby approving the first flag in Russia's history to be used by an Imperial chartered company. After Imperial confirmation, the ukaz was heard in the Senate, and on 19 October 1806 was sent for execution to the main office of the Russian-American Company (RAC), and also to the Admiralty and Commerce colleges.Federova, Svetlana: Notes on Russian America, Part 1: No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian-American Company
The Russian-American Company Under the High Patronage of His Imperial Majesty (russian: Под высочайшим Его Императорского Величества покровительством Российская-Американская Компания, Pod vysochayshim Yego Imperatorskogo Velichestva pokrovitelstvom Rossiyskaya-Amerikanskaya Kompaniya) was a state-sponsored chartered company formed largely on the basis of the United American Company. Emperor Paul I of Russia chartered the company in the Ukase of 1799. It had the mission of establishing new settlements in Russian America, conducting trade with natives, and carrying out an expanded colonization program. Russia's first joint-stock company, it came under the direct authority of the Ministry of Commerce of Imperial Russia. Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev (Minister of Commerce from 1802 to 1811; Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1808 to 1814) exercised a pivotal influence upon the early activities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The rise of the Russian Empire coincided with the decline of neighbouring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Qajar Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and Qing China. It also held colonies in North America between 1799 and 1867. Covering an area of approximately , it remains the third-largest empire in history, surpassed only by the British Empire and the Mongol Empire; it ruled over a population of 125.6 million people per the 1897 Russian census, which was the only census carried out during the entire imperial period. Owing to its geographic extent across three continents at its peak, it featured great ethnic, linguistic, religious, and economic diversity. From the 10th–17th centuries, the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasily Golovnin
Vasily Mikhailovich Golovnin ( Russian: Василий Михайлович Головнин; , Gulyniki, Ryazan Oblast – , Saint Petersburg) was a Russian navigator, Vice Admiral, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1818).Vasilli Golovnin, Ella Lury Wiswell, trans. (1979). ''Around the world on the Kamchatka, 1817-1819'', p xx-xxii, xxvi Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Soc.Dunmore, John (1991). ''Who's who in Pacific navigation,'' p. 118 Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press Early life and career Vasily Mikhailovich Golovnin was born in April 1776, in the village of Gulyniki in Ryazan Oblast, on his father's country estate.Kenneth N. Owens, Timofeĭ Tarakanov, Ben Hobucket (2001). ''The Wreck of Sv. Nikolai,'' pp. 5, 11-14, 92 Lincoln: University of Nebraska PressVasilii Golovnin, Lisa Millner, trans. (1964). ''Detained in Simon's Bay'', p 3. Cape Town : Friends of the South African Library Both his father and grandfather had served in the Russian milit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Archangel
russian: Ситка , native_name_lang = tli , settlement_type = Consolidated city-borough , image_skyline = File:Sitka 84 Elev 135.jpg , image_caption = Downtown Sitka in 1984 , image_size = 260 , image_flag = , image_seal = , nickname = , motto = , image_map = Map of Alaska highlighting Sitka City and Borough.svg , map_caption = , coordinates = , subdivision_type = , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = State , subdivision_type2 = , subdivision_name1 = , subdivision_name2 = , established_title = Colonized , established_date = 1799, 1804 , established_title2 = Incorporated , established_date2 = November 5, 1913 (city)September 24, 1963(borough)December 2, 1971(unified municipality) , government_type = , l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canton System
The Canton System (1757–1842; zh, t=一口通商, p=Yīkǒu tōngshāng, "Single orttrading relations") served as a means for Qing China to control trade with the West within its own country by focusing all trade on the southern port of Canton (now Guangzhou). The protectionist policy arose in 1757 as a response to a perceived political and commercial threat from abroad on the part of successive Chinese emperors. From the late seventeenth century onwards, Chinese merchants, known as ''Hongs'' (), managed all trade in the port. Operating from the Thirteen Factories located on the banks of the Pearl River outside Canton, in 1760, by order of the Qing Qianlong Emperor, they became officially sanctioned as a monopoly known as the '' Cohong''. Thereafter Chinese merchants dealing with foreign trade ( zh, t=洋行, p=yángháng, links=no, "ocean traders", i.e. "overseas traders" or "foreign traders") acted through the ''Cohong'' under the supervision of the Guangdong Custo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macao
Macau or Macao (; ; ; ), officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a population of about 680,000 and an area of , it is the most densely populated region in the world. Formerly a Portuguese colony, the territory of Portuguese Macau was first leased to Portugal as a trading post by the Ming dynasty in 1557. Portugal paid an annual rent and administered the territory under Chinese sovereignty until 1887. Portugal later gained perpetual colonial rights in the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking. The colony remained under Portuguese rule until 1999, when it was transferred to China. Macau is a special administrative region of China, which maintains separate governing and economic systems from those of mainland China under the principle of " one country, two systems".. The unique blend of Portuguese and Chinese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing China
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing dynasty lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Ensign Of Russia
A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields. The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, deter or confront piracy, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations). The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies. The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Russian Navy
The Imperial Russian Navy () operated as the navy of the Russian Tsardom and later the Russian Empire from 1696 to 1917. Formally established in 1696, it lasted until dissolved in the wake of the February Revolution of 1917. It developed from a smaller force that had existed prior to Tsar Peter the Great's founding of the modern Russian navy during the Second Azov campaign in 1696. It expanded in the second half of the 18th century and reached its peak strength by the early part of the 19th century, behind only the British and French fleets in terms of size. The Imperial Navy drew its officers from the aristocracy of the Empire, who belonged to the state Russian Orthodox Church. Young aristocrats began to be trained for leadership at a national naval school. From 1818 on, only officers of the Imperial Russian Navy were appointed to the position of Chief Manager of the Russian-American Company, based in Russian America (present-day Alaska) for colonization and fur-trade deve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ensign Of The Russian Navy
The Russian Navy ensign, also known as St. Andrew's flag (russian: Андреевский флаг; Russian Pre-reform: ''Андреевскій флагъ''), was the ensign of the Navy of the Russian Empire (from 1712 to 1918), and is the naval ensign of the Russian Federation since 1992, and the banner of the Navy of the Russian Federation since 2000. The flag has a white background with two blue diagonal bands, forming a saltire, called St Andrew's Cross. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 1 / 1.5, the width of the blue band is 1 / 10 the length of the flag. The Guard Ribbon and image of order awarded to the ship can be added to the flag. History In 1698 Peter I the Great established the first Russian medal, the Order of St Andrew, which is to be awarded for military exploits and public service. When he became tsar, he started to devise a flag for the Russian Navy. The symbolism of the flag is a tribute to his father, Alexey Mikhaylovich Romanov, who esta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nadezhda (1802 Russian Ship)
} ''Nadezhda'' (or ''Nadeshda'', or ''Nadeshada'' ) was a three-masted sloop, the ex-British merchantman and slave ship ''Leander'', launched in 1799. A French privateer captured her in 1801, but she quickly came back into British hands. Private Russian parties purchased her in 1802 for the first Russian circumnavigation of the world (1803-1806), and renamed her. Although it is common to see references to the "frigate ''Nadezhda''", she was a sloop, not a frigate, and she was never a warship. After her voyage of exploration she served as a merchant vessel for her owner, the Russian-American Company, and was lost in 1808. Career British merchant vessel ''Leander'' was launched in London in late 1799 as a c.430-ton (bm) merchant sloop. On 3 December 1799 her master, C. Anderson, received a letter of marque.Letter of Marqu- accessed 14 May 2011. The 1800 and 1801 editions of ''Lloyd's Register'' showed her launch year as 1799, Anderson as her master, T. Huggins as her owner, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neva (1802 Russian Ship)
''Neva'' (russian: Нева) was the British merchant ship ''Thames'', launched in 1801, that the Russians bought in 1803, and renamed ''Neva''. She participated in two trips to the Far East, the first of which was the first Russian circumnavigation of the world. She was wrecked in January 1813. ''Thames'' ''Thames'' was a -long, three-masted sailing ship of 370 tons burthen, built in Britain in 1801. Russian career In 1802 Lieutenant Commander Yuri Feodorovich Lisyansky travelled to Britain where he bought two vessels, ''Thames'' and ''Leander'', on his own account. ''Thames'' and ''Leander'' left England for the Baltic in May 1803, docking at Kronstadt on 5 June. Czar Alexander I renamed ''Thames'' to ''Neva'', after the river, and ''Leander'' to '' Nadezhda'' ("Hope"). The two vessels sailed in 1803 on a voyage that would become the first Russian circumnavigation of the world. For the voyage ''Neva'' carried 14 cannon and a crew of 43 men under Lisyansky's command. The com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
