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Fântâna Albă Massacre
The Fântâna Albă massacre took place on 1 April 1941 in Northern Bukovina when up to 3,000 civilians were killed by Soviet Border Troops as they attempted to cross the border from the Soviet Union to Romania near the village of Fântâna Albă, now Staryi Vovchynets in Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. Although according to Soviet official reports, no more than 44 civilians were killed, but local witnesses assert a much higher toll, stating that survivors were tortured, killed, or buried in mass graves. Others were taken away to be tortured and killed at the hands of the NKVD, the Soviet secret police. Some sources have referred to the massacre as "the Romanian Katyn". In 2011, the Chamber of Deputies of Romania adopted a law establishing 1 April as the National Day honoring the memory of Romanian victims of massacres at Fântâna Albă, Lunca, and other areas, of deportations, of hunger, and of other forms of repression organized by the Soviet regime in Hertsa (now Ukraine), nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkrSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991. Under the Soviet One-party state, one-party model, the Ukrainian SSR was governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union through its Soviet democracy, republican branch, the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union), Communist Party of Ukraine. The first iterations of the Ukrainian SSR were established during the Russian Revolution, particularly after the October Revolution, Bolshevik Revolution. The outbreak of the Ukrainian–Soviet War in the former Russian Empire saw the Bolsheviks defeat the independent Ukrainian People's Republic, during the conflict against which they founded the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets, which was governed by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), in December 1917; it was later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bukovina
Bukovina or ; ; ; ; , ; see also other languages. is a historical region at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe. It is located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains, today divided between Romania and Ukraine. Inhabited by many cultures and peoples, settled by both Ukrainians ( Ruthenians) and Romanians (Moldavians), it became part of the Kievan Rus' and Pechenegs' territory early on during the 10th century and an integral part of the Principality of Moldavia in the 14th century where the capital of Moldavia, Suceava, was founded, eventually expanding its territory all the way to the Black Sea. Consequently, the culture of the Kievan Rus' spread in the region during the early Middle Ages. During the time of the Golden Horde, namely in the 14th century (or in the High Middle Ages), Bukovina became part of Moldavia under Hungarian suzerainty (i.e. under the medieval Kingdom of Hungary). According to the Moldo-Russian Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zastavna
Zastavna (, ; ) is a small city in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine. Zastavna is located to the north of the city of Chernivtsi, in the historical region of Bukovina. It hosts the administration of Zastavna urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: Etymology The name of Zastavna most likely origins from its location surrounded by ponds (ukr. "stav"). There is also a theory that the name comes from the turnpike (, ) which once stood on the road to Chernivtsi . Between 1941 and 1944, while part of Romania, it was known in Romanian as , . History The first mention in chronicles is dated to 1589. Zastavna has the status of town since 1940.Заставна // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 9. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1972.Заставна // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / р ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vashkivtsi
Vashkivtsi (, ; ; ; ; ) is a city in Vyzhnytsia Raion of Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It is located in the historical region of Bukovina. It hosts the administration of Vashkivtsi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: One village is administered by the town, Voloka (, ). History The name of the town comes from the personal name Vas'ko. The first written mention of Vashkivtsi dates back to the 15th century, in the 1430s. Settlement established in 1903 as ''Waskoutz am Czeremosz'' within the Austro-Hungarian Duchy of Bukovina. City since 1940.Вашковцы // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 4. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1971. стр.345Вашковцы // Советский энциклопедический словарь. редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. 4-е изд. М., «Советская э� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TVR Moldova
TVR Moldova is TVR's service for the Republic of Moldova, created in 2013 after an agreement between Moldova and Romania. History TVR had been present in Moldova since 1991, following the country's independence. TVR 1 was widely distributed in Moldova for sixteen years. In September 2007, the Romanian network lost its rights to broadcast over-the-air, but demanded a new protocol to continue operating. Its terrestrial frequencies were given over to 2 Plus, a new local channel. The ECHR demanded a hearing on the retransmission case in 2008. The conflict ended with a truce between the two parties, signed on 12 September 2013, by which the Moldovan authorities commit that the new TV channel will be taken over by all cable companies in the country, and TVR commits to produce shows about the true reality of the Republic of Moldova. In 2025, the channel started broadcasting in Transnistria, enabling locals to have access to a source of information in Romanian Romanian may refer to: * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chernivtsi
Chernivtsi (, ; , ;, , see also #Names, other names) is a city in southwestern Ukraine on the upper course of the Prut River. Formerly the capital of the historic region of Bukovina, which is now divided between Romania and Ukraine, Chernivtsi serves as the administrative center for the Chernivtsi urban hromada, the Chernivtsi Raion, and the Chernivtsi Oblast, oblast itself. The Chernivtsi population is and the latest Ukrainian Census (2001), census in 2001 was 240,600. The first document that refers to this city dates back to 1408, when Chernivtsi was a town in the region of Moldavia, formerly as a defensive fortification, and became the center of Bukovina in 1488. In 1538, Chernivtsi was under the control of the Principality of Moldavia under Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Polish suzerainty, later under Ottoman Empire suzerainty, and the Moldavian control lasted for two centuries until 1774, when Archduchy of Austria, Austria took control of Bukovina in the aftermath of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Storozhynets
Storozhynets (, ; ; see below for other names) is a small city located in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast of western Ukraine, north of the border with Romania. It hosts the administration of Storozhynets urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It is located approximately southwest of the oblast capital, Chernivtsi. Population: Storozhynets is located in the historic region of Bukovina, which has been governed by Moldavia (before 1774), the Austrian empire (1774–1918), Romania (1918–1940 and 1941–1944), the USSR (1940–1941 and 1944–1991) and Ukraine (since 1991). Other names Other names for the city include: *''Storozynetz'' (German) *''Storojineț'' (Romanian) *''Strozhnitz'' (, Yiddish) *''Storožynec'' (Slovak) *''Storożyniec'' (Polish) *''Storozhinets'' (Сторожинец, Russian) *Flondoreni (Romanian) - proposed name never officially changed, after the Flondor family, who were some of the most influential nobles, benefactors, for the Romanians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Putyla
Putyla (; ), formerly Storonets-Putyliv (), is a rural settlement in Vyzhnytsia Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Putyla settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. At the 2001 census, the town's population was 3,265. Current population: History The town of Putyla was first mentioned in 1501 along with other local settlements, which the Polish Crown gave to Ioan Tăutu for settling the peace between Poland and Principality of Moldavia. In 1817, the local villagers complained to Austrian Emperor Francis II that they had their taxes increased the past 10 years. In 1843, the villagers were informed that they could no longer use and cultivate the nearby forest, after which an uprising occurred, resulting in the imprisonment of 14 local leaders. Until 18 July 2020, Putyla served as an administrative center of Putyla Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hlyboka
Hlyboka (; German and ; ) is a rural settlement in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Hlyboka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: History Hlyboka is mentioned for the first time in 1438. Before World War II, large parts of lands of Hlyboka were owned by Polish noble families: until 1892 by Prince Adam Sapieha, then by Bronislaw Skibniewski (1830–1904) and later by his son Aleksander Skibniewski (1868–1942). Hlyboka received urban-type settlement status in 1956. Until 18 July 2020, Hlyboka served as an administrative center of Hlyboka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Hlyboka Raion was merged into Chernivtsi Raion. On 26 January 2024, a new law entered into force which abolished the status of urban-type settlement in Ukraine, and Hlyboka became a rural sett ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars to oppose the military forces of the new nation's adversaries during the Russian Civil War, especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army. In February 1946, the Red Army (which embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces alongside the Soviet Navy) was renamed the "Soviet Army". Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union it was split between the post-Soviet states, with its bulk becoming the Russian Ground Forces, commonly considered to be the successor of the Soviet Army. The Red Army provided the largest land warfare, ground force in the Allies of World War II, Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its Soviet invasion of Manchuria, invasion of Manchuria assisted the un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Occupation Of Bessarabia And Northern Bukovina
Between 28 June and 3 July 1940, the Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, following an ultimatum made to Romania on 26 June 1940 that threatened the use of force. Those regions, with a total area of and a population of 3,776,309 inhabitants, were incorporated into the Soviet Union. On 26 October 1940, six Romanian islands on the Chilia branch of the Danube, with an area of , were also occupied by the Soviet Army. The Soviet Union had planned to accomplish the annexation with a full-scale invasion, but the Romanian government, responding to the Soviet ultimatum delivered on 26 June, agreed to withdraw from the territories to avoid a military conflict. The use of force had been made illegal by the Conventions for the Definition of Aggression in July 1933, but from an international legal standpoint, the new status of the annexed territories was eventually based on a formal agreement through which Romania consented to the retrocession of Bessarabia and cession ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultimatum
An ; ; : ultimata or ultimatums) is a demand whose fulfillment is requested in a specified period of time and which is backed up by a coercion, threat to be followed through in case of noncompliance (open loop). An ultimatum is generally the final demand in a series of requests. As such, the time allotted is usually short, and the request is understood not to be open to further negotiation. The threat which backs up the ultimatum can vary depending on the demand in question and on the other circumstances. The word is used in diplomacy to signify the final terms submitted by one of the parties in negotiation for settlement of any subject of disagreement. It is accompanied by an intimation as to how refusal will be regarded. English diplomacy has devised the adroit reservation that refusal will be regarded as an "unfriendly act", a phrase which serves as a warning that the consequences of the rupture of negotiations will be considered from the point of view of forcing a settleme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
