|
First Nagorno-Karabakh War
The First Nagorno-Karabakh War was an ethnic conflict, ethnic and territorial conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan with support from Turkey. As the war progressed, Armenia and Azerbaijan, both former Republics of the Soviet Union, Soviet republics, entangled themselves in protracted, undeclared mountain warfare in the mountainous heights of Karabakh as Azerbaijan attempted to curb the secessionist movement in Nagorno-Karabakh. The National Assembly (Nagorno-Karabakh), enclave's parliament had voted in favor of uniting with Armenia and a 1991 Nagorno-Karabakh independence referendum, referendum, boycotted by the Azerbaijani population of Nagorno-Karabakh, was held, in which a 99.89% voted in favor of independence with an 82.2% turnout. The demand to unify with Armenia began in a relatively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is an ethnic and territorial conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, inhabited mostly by ethnic Armenians until 2023, and seven surrounding districts, inhabited mostly by Azerbaijanis until their expulsion during the 1990s. The Nagorno-Karabakh region was entirely claimed by and partially controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh, but was recognized internationally as part of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan gradually re-established control over Nagorno-Karabakh region and the seven surrounding districts. Throughout the Soviet period, Armenians in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast were heavily discriminated against. The Soviet Azerbaijani authorities worked to suppress Armenian culture and identity in Nagorno-Karabakh, pressured Armenians to leave the region and encouraged Azerbaijanis to settle within it, although Armenians remained the majority population. During the ''glasnost'' period, a 1988 Nagorno-Karabak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonid Tibilov
Leonid Kharitonovich Tibilov (; ; ka, ლეონიდ თიბილოვი, Leonid Tibilovi; born 28 March 1951) is a South Ossetian politician who served as the third president of South Ossetia from 2012 to 2017 after winning the 2012 South Ossetian presidential election. Career Leonid Tibilov headed the South Ossetian KGB as South Ossetia's Security Minister from 1992 to 1998. He was then a first deputy prime minister and co-chaired a Georgia (country), Georgian-Ossetian peacekeeping commission. Tibilov stood at the 2006 South Ossetian presidential election, 2006 presidential election losing to Eduard Kokoity, who won 98% of the vote. Before the 2012 election Tibilov distanced himself from the outgoing President of South Ossetia, President Kokoity. Tibilov is reported to be subservient to Russia and pledged to consult Russia before appointing a government if he was successful at the election. In the first round of the 2012 Presidential election, Tibilov received 42.5% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Kocharyan
Robert Sedraki Kocharyan ( ; born 31 August 1954) is an Armenian politician. He served as the President of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from 1994 to 1997 and Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh from 1992 to 1994. He served as the second President of Armenia between 1998 and 2008 and as Prime Minister of Armenia from 1997 to 1998. Kocharyan was elected president of Armenia twice, in 1998 and 2003; both presidential elections were held in two rounds. During most of his presidency, between 2001 and 2007, Armenia's economy grew on average by 12% annually, largely due to a construction boom. While Kocharyan's supporters credit him with securing Armenia's economic growth during his presidency, his critics accuse him of promoting corruption and the creation of an oligarchic system of government in Armenia. On 26 July 2018 Kocharyan was charged in connection with the crackdown on the 2008 Armenian presidential election protests in the final weeks of his presidency, which resulted in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serzh Sargsyan
Serzh Azati Sargsyan (, ; born 30 June 1954)Official biography of Serzh Sargsyan . President.am. Retrieved on 21 June 2014. is an n politician who served as the third President of Armenia from 2008 to 2018, and twice as the from 2007 to 2008 and again from 17 to 23 April 2018, when he was forced to resign in the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levon Ter-Petrosyan
Levon Hakobi Ter-Petrosyan (; born 9 January 1946), also known by his initials LTP, is an Armenian politician and historian who served as the first president of Armenia from 1991 until his resignation in 1998. A senior researcher at the Matenadaran, he led the Karabakh movement for the unification of the Armenian-populated Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia which began in 1988. After Armenia's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union in September 1991, Ter-Petrosyan was elected president in October 1991 with overwhelming public support. He led the country through the First Nagorno-Karabakh War with neighboring Azerbaijan. He was reelected in the 1996 presidential election, which was marred by accusations of electoral fraud, sparking mass protests led by runner-up Vazgen Manukyan. The mass rallies were suppressed by military force. Due to disagreements with key members of his government over a peace proposal for the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, especially Defence Minister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wind Unit
Wind Unit (, ) or Wind Group (, ) was a volunteer infantry battalion composed of Turkish nationalists. Established in 1992, by Alparslan Türkeş, the founder of the Nationalist Movement Party and the Grey Wolves, its goal was to spread the idea of Turanism in all of the Turkic countries that gained independence after the fall of the Soviet Union. About 500 members of Wind Unit, who were mostly former special forces servicemen of Turkey, went to Azerbaijan after the Khojaly massacre in 1992, during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, to train the Azerbaijani forces, though they also limitedly contributed to the Azerbaijani war effort. Despite this, they were removed from Azerbaijan in 1993, and the battalion was disbanded a year later after pressure from the Turkish government. History Wind Unit was established by the orders of Alparslan Türkeş, the founder of the Nationalist Movement Party and the Grey Wolves, to spread the idea of Turanism in all of the Turkic countri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chechen Republic Of Ichkeria
The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria ( ; ; ; abbreviated as "ChRI" or "CRI"), known simply as Ichkeria, was a ''de facto'' State (polity), state that controlled most of the former Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Checheno-Ingush ASSR from 1991 to 2000 and has been a government-in-exile since. In September–October 1991, supporters of Dzhokhar Dudayev seized power in Chechnya in the Chechen Revolution. Dudayev was subsequently elected as Chechnya's President and in this new position, he Declaration of Sovereignty of the Chechen Republic, proclaimed Chechnya's independence from Russia. The move was welcomed by Georgia's President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, who was one of the first to congratulate Dudayev with victory and attended his inauguration as president in Grozny. While Chechnya did not receive backing from the international community, it received support and attention from Georgia, which became its only gateway to the outside world that was not controlled by Mosc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grey Wolves (organization)
The Grey Wolves (), officially known by the short name Idealist Hearths (, ), is a Turkish Far-right politics, far-right political movement and the youth wing of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). Commonly described as ultranationalist, neo-fascist, Turkish–Islamic synthesis, Islamo-nationalist (sometimes Secularism in Turkey, secular), and Xenophobia and discrimination in Turkey, racist, the Grey Wolves have been described by some scholars, journalists, and governments as a death squad and a terrorist organization. Its members deny its political nature and claim it to be a cultural and educational foundation, citing its full official name: Idealist Hearths Educational and Cultural Foundation (). Established by Colonel Alparslan Türkeş in the late 1960s, the Grey Wolves rose to prominence during the Political violence in Turkey (1976–80), late 1970s political violence in Turkey when its members engaged in urban guerrilla warfare with left-wing militants and activists. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
The Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (; abbreviated HIG), also referred to as Hezb-e-Islami or Hezb-i-Islami Afghanistan (HIA), is an Afghan political party and paramilitary organization, originally founded in 1976 as Hezb-e-Islami and led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. In 1979, Mulavi Younas Khalis split with Hekmatyar and established his own group, which became known as Hezb-i Islami Khalis; the remaining part of Hezb-e Islami, still headed by Hekmatyar, became known as Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin. Hezbi Islami seeks to emulate the Muslim Brotherhood and to replace the various tribal factions of Afghanistan with one unified Islamic state. This puts them at odds with the more tribe-oriented Taliban (which is predominantly Pashtun). During the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989), Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin was well-financed by anti-Soviet forces through the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). In the mid-1990s, the HIG was "sidelined from Afghan politics" by the rise of the Taliban. In the pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Washington Post
''The Washington Post'', locally known as ''The'' ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'' or ''WP'', is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital. It is the most widely circulated newspaper in the Washington metropolitan area and has a national audience. As of 2023, the ''Post'' had 130,000 print subscribers and 2.5 million digital subscribers, both of which were the List of newspapers in the United States, third-largest among U.S. newspapers after ''The New York Times'' and ''The Wall Street Journal''. The ''Post'' was founded in 1877. In its early years, it went through several owners and struggled both financially and editorially. In 1933, financier Eugene Meyer (financier), Eugene Meyer purchased it out of bankruptcy and revived its health and reputation; this work was continued by his successors Katharine Graham, Katharine and Phil Graham, Meyer's daughter and son-in-law, respectively, who bought out several rival publications. The ''Post ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hezbe Wahdat
Hezb-e Wahdat-e Islami Afghanistan (, "the Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan"), shortened to Hezbe Wahdat (, "the Unity Party"), is a Hazara political party founded in 1989. Like most contemporary major political parties in Afghanistan, Hezb-e Wahdat is rooted in the turbulent period of the anti-Soviet resistance movements in Afghanistan in the 1980s. It was formed to bring together nine separate and mostly inimical military and ideological groups into a single entity. During the Second Afghan Civil War, it emerged as one of the major actors in Kabul and some other parts of the country. Political Islamism was the ideology of most of its key leaders, but the party gradually tilted towards its Hazara ethnic support base and became the key vehicle of the community's political demands and aspirations. Its ideological background and ethnic support base has continuously shaped its character and political agenda. Through the anti-Soviet jihad and the civil war, Hezb-e Wahdat accumul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
