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Fire Alarm Notification Appliance
A fire alarm notification appliance, often simply called a fire alarm, is an active fire protection component of a fire alarm system. A notification appliance may use audible, visible, or other stimuli to alert the occupants of a fire or other emergency condition requiring action. Audible appliances have been in use longer than any other method of notification. Initially, all appliances were either electromechanical Horn (acoustic), horns or electric bells, which would later be replaced by electronic sounders. Most of today's appliances produce sound levels between 70 and 100 decibels at 3 ft. Methods of notification The primary function of the notification appliance is to alert persons at risk. Several methods are used and documented in industry specifications published by UL (safety organization), UL. Alerting methods include: * Sound (audible signals) ** 95 dB @ 3,100 Hz tone are used in many current notification devices. ** 80 dB @ 520 Hz tone are used in newer notification ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flashes Per Minute
In visual perception, flicker is a human-visible change in luminance of an illuminated surface or light source which can be due to fluctuations of the light source itself, or due to external causes such as due to rapid fluctuations in the voltage of the power supply ( power-line flicker) or incompatibility with an external dimmer. Twinkling, also called scintillation, is a generic term for variations in apparent brightness, colour, or position of a distant luminous object viewed through a medium. Flicker exists for other organisms having different perceptual thresholds. Light meters and image sensors can potentially detect flicker at much higher frequency bands than human vision. Shutter speeds used in motion photography can interact with high frequency flicker to produce visual artifacts in the captured imagery that betray flicker that would not otherwise be noted. The spectral sensitivity of the human eye to flicker depends upon the mode of visual perception. Due to the flicke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fire Drill
A fire drill is a method of practicing how a building should evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergencies. In most cases, the building's existing fire alarm system is activated and the building is evacuated by means of the nearest available exits, as if an emergency had actually occurred. Fire drill procedures may vary depending on the building type, such as hospitals or high rise buildings, where occupants may be relocated within the building as opposed to evacuating the building. Generally, the evacuation interval is measured to ensure that it is fast enough, and problems with the emergency system or evacuation procedures are identified so that they may be remedied. In addition to fire drills, most buildings have their fire alarm systems checked on a regular basis to ensure that the system is working. Fire alarm tests are often done outside normal business hours so as to minimize disruption of building functions; in schools, they are often done when students and staff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fire Alarm Pull Station
Manual fire alarm activation is the process of triggering a fire alarm through a call point, pull station, or other device. This usually causes the alarm to sound the Fire alarm notification appliance, evacuation signal for the relevant building or zone. Manual fire alarm activation requires human intervention, as distinct from automatic fire alarm activation such as that provided through the use of heat detectors and smoke detectors. It is, however, possible for call points/pull stations to be used in conjunction with automatic detection as part of the overall Fire alarm system, fire detection and alarm system. Systems in completed buildings tend to be wired in and include a control panel. Wireless activators are common during construction. When a fire pull station or call point is activated, codes usually require evacuation begin immediately. There are certain exemptions like system maintenance and security Lockdown, lockdowns, where manual activation outside the contro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passive Fire Protection
Passive fire protection (PFP) is components or systems of a building or structure that slows or impedes the spread of the effects of fire or smoke without system activation, and usually without movement. Examples of passive systems include floor-ceilings and roofs, fire doors, windows, and wall assemblies, fire-resistant coatings, and other fire and smoke control assemblies. Passive fire protection systems can include active components such as fire dampers. Main characteristics Passive fire protection systems are intended to: * Contain a fire to the compartment of fire origin * Slow a fire from spreading from the compartment of fire origin * Slow the heating of structural members * Prevent the spread of fire through intentional openings (e.g., doors, Duct (flow), HVAC ducts) in fire rated assemblies by the use of a fire rated closure (e.g., fire door, fire damper) * Prevent the spread of fire through penetrations (e.g., holes in fire walls through which building systems such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Active Fire Protection
Active fire protection (AFP) is an integral part of fire protection. AFP is characterized by items and/or systems, which require a certain amount of motion and response in order to work, contrary to passive fire protection. Categories Manual fire suppression Manual fire suppression includes the use of a fire blanket, fire extinguisher, or a Standpipe (firefighting), standpipe system. Fire blanket A fire blanket is a sheet of fire retardant material that is designed to be placed over a fire to smother it out. Small fire blankets are meant for inception stage fires. They are normally made of fiberglass or Kevlar. Larger ones can be found in laboratories and factories, and are designed to be wrapped around a person whose clothes have caught fire. Fire extinguisher Fire extinguishers are devices that contain and discharge a substance that extinguishes or puts out a fire. These handheld devices come in a huge range of sizes, but the most common are portable fire extinguishers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fire Protection
Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially Conflagration, destructive fires. It involves the study of the behaviour, Compartmentalization (fire protection), compartmentalisation, suppression and investigation of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production, testing and application of mitigating systems. In structures, be they land-based, offshore or even ships, owners and operators may be responsible for maintaining their facilities in accordance with a design-basis rooted in law, including local building code, building and fire code, fire codes. Buildings must be maintained in accordance with the current fire code, enforced by fire prevention officers of a local fire department. In the event of fire emergencies, Firefighters, fire investigators, and other fire prevention personnel are called to mitigate, investigate and learn from the Fire damage, damage of a fire. Classifying fires When dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fire Protection Research Foundation
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a fuel in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Flames, the most visible portion of the fire, are produced in the combustion reaction when the fuel reaches its ignition point temperature. Flames from hydrocarbon fuels consist primarily of carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen, and nitrogen. If hot enough, the gases may become ionized to produce plasma. The color and intensity of the flame depend on the type of fuel and composition of the surrounding gases. Fire, in its most common form, has the potential to result in conflagration, which can lead to permanent physical damage. It directly impacts land-based ecological systems worldwide. The positive effects of fire include stimulating plant growth and maintaining ecological balance. Its negative effects include hazards to life and property, atmospheric pollution, and water contamination. When fire removes protective vegetation, heavy r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EN 54
The EN 54 Fire detection and fire alarm systems is a series of European standards that includes product standards and application guidelines for fire detection and fire alarm systems as well as voice alarm systems. The product standards define product characteristics, test methods and performance criteria against which the effectiveness and reliability of every component of fire detection and fire alarm system can be assessed and declared. Many of the product standards of the EN 54 series are harmonised standards under the Construction Products Regulation (CPR) EU 305/2011. Annex ZA of the harmonised standards specifies which sections of the standard apply for the purposes of the CPR. Annex ZA also describes the two-stage certification: * certification of constancy of performance for the product (product certification) and * certification of conformity of factory production control (FPC certification) This standard series is partly used around the world in several c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BS 5839-Part 8
BS, B.S., Bs, bs, or B's may refer to: Arts and entertainment *BS-, a prefix for all games broadcast for the Satellaview modem via the Japanese Broadcasting Satellite system * "B.S." (song), a song by Jhené Aiko from the album ''Chilombo'' *Team BS, French music collective founded by La Fouine that includes Fababy, Sultan and Sindy *NHK's satellite broadcaster mark, NHK-BS * ''Backstage'' (magazine) *Baritone saxophone, a musical instrument * Bullshit (card game), a card game Businesses and organizations *, a bank in Spain *, a bank headquartered in Spain * Beijing Subway, a transit system * BellSouth, a United States telephone company * Better Serbia (''Bolja Srbija''), a political party in Serbia * ' ("Cipher Bureau"), a Polish cryptography and signals intelligence agency known for its work on German Enigma ciphers in the 1930s * Boy Scouts; see scouting * British International Helicopters (IATA code BS) * British Shipbuilders, a public corporation founded in 1977 * British S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Committee For Electrotechnical Standardization
CENELEC (; ) is responsible for European standardization in the area of electrical engineering. Together with ETSI (telecommunications) and CEN (other technical areas), it forms the European system for technical standardization. Standards harmonised by these agencies are regularly adopted in many countries outside Europe which follow European technical standards. Although CENELEC works closely with the European Union, it is not an EU institution. Nevertheless, its standards are "EN" EU (and EEA) standards, thanks to EU Regulation 1025/2012. CENELEC was founded in 1973. Before that two organizations were responsible for electrotechnical standardization: CENELCOM and CENEL. CENELEC is a non-profit organization under Belgian law, based in Brussels. The members are the national electrotechnical standardization bodies of most European countries. Agreement types Members The current members of CENELEC are: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SimplexGrinnell
SimplexGrinnell, a subsidiary of Johnson Controls, is an American company specializing in active fire protection systems, communication systems and testing, inspection and maintenance services. The company headquarters is in Boca Raton, Florida; corporate sales and marketing offices are in Westminster, Massachusetts, and the company has about 160 district offices throughout North America. It is currently the largest fire protection company in the world. Grinnell Fire Protection was purchased by Tyco in 1976. Tyco bought Simplex Time Recorder Company on January 5, 2001, for US$1.15 billion and merged it with Grinnell Fire Protection, forming SimplexGrinnell. The time clock division of Simplex was sold to Kronos shortly afterward. On September 6, 2016, Johnson Controls and Tyco completed a merger. In May 2017, Johnson Controls announced that the brand identity of SimplexGrinnell will be transitioned to Johnson Controls. SimplexGrinnell's fire sprinkler services will become Gri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
